Rajeshwari pharm D .....chromatin: chromatin is a mass of genetic material......Types of chromatin 1.EUCHROMATIN 2.HETEROCHROMATIN FUNCTIONS OF CHROMATIN: to compress the dna into compact form....flow of genetic information.

1. CHROMATIN, ITS TYPES AND
FUNCTIONS
Presented by:
B.Rajeshwari
Pharm D

2. CHROMATIN
Chromatin is a mass of genetic material
composed of DNA & Proteins that condenses to
form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell
division.
Chromatin is located in nucleus of the cells.
CHROMATIN FUNCTION:
To compress the DNA into a compact unit( Less
voluminous) and can fit with in the nucleus.
 It consists of his tones and DNA.

3. Histones help to organize DNA into structures called
Nucleosides.
A Nucleosome consists of a DNA sequence of about 150 base
pairs that is wrapped around set of 8 histones.
The Functional unit of chromatin is nucleosome.
 nucleosome further folded to form a chromatin fibers.
The chromatin fibers coiled and it condensed to form
chromosomes.
Chromatin is responsible for DNA replication, transcription,
DNA repair, genetic recombination and cell division.
TYPES OF CHROMATIN:
Euchromatin
Heterochromatin
EUCHROMATIN: During interphase of the cell cycle, cell is not
dividing but undergoes a period of growth, the chromatin is a
less compact form is known as Euchromatin.

4. It allows DNA replication and DNA transcription.
During transcription, DNA double helix, unwinds
and opens to allowed genes coding for portions to be
copied. It is needed for the cell to synthesize DNA,
proteins and organelles for cell division.
CHROMATIN MITOSIS:--
PROPHASE:--Chromatin fibers coiled into
chromosomes. Each replicated chromosome consists
of two chromatids joined at centromere region.
METAPHASE:-- Chromatin becomes extremely
condensed and chromosome gets aligned.

5. ANAPHASE: during anaphase, the paired
chromosomes called sisterchromatids separates
and are pulled by spindle microtubules to the
opposite ends of the cells.
TELOPHASE: Each new daughter chromosomes
is separated into its own nucleus. Chromatin
fibers uncoil and become less condensed to
genetically identical daughter cells are
produced. Each cell has the same number
of chromosomes. These chromosomes
continue to uncoil .

6. ANAPHASE:-- During Anaphase, the paired
chromosomes separate and are pulled by
spindles microtubules to the opposite ends of
the cells.
TELOPHASE:--- Each new daughter
chromosome is separated into its own nucleus.
Chromatin fibres uncoil and become less
condensed to genetically identical daughter cells
are produced.

7. CHROMATIN, CHROMOSME AND CHROMATID:
•All these structures are composed of DNA
and bound within the nucleus and each one is
unique.
CHROMATIN: It is composed of DNA and
histones that are placed into thin fibers. These
chromatin fibers are not condensed but can
exist either in a compact form
(heterochromatin) or a less compact form
(euchromatin).
•DNA replication, transcription and
recombination

8. Occurring in euchromatin.
During cell division, chromatin condenses to
form chromosomes.
CHROMOSOMES: They are single
stranded groupings of condensed chromatin.
During cell division, process of mitosis and
meosis, chromosomes replicate to each new
daughter cells receives the correct no. of
chromosomes. A duplicated chromosome is a
double stranded and has the ’X’ shape .

9. •strands are identical and connected at a
central region called centromere.
•CHROMATID: It is either of the two
strands of replicated chromosome.
Chromatids are connected by a centromere
called sister chromatids. At the end of cell
division, sister chromatids becoming
daughter chromosomes in the newly
formed daughter cells.

10. FLOW OF GENETIC INNFORMATION:
•Cell inherent molecules energy And genetic
information.
•Genetic information is encoded in DNA.
•DNA has the structure of double helix.
•DNA is replicated before cell division.
•Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA
to Protein.
•Cells express genetic information electively.
•Chromosome structure changes during the cell
cycle.
•Chromosome number changes during the life
cycle.

11. THANK
YOU