Chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture using differences in how they distribute between a stationary and mobile phase. It was first developed in 1900 by Russian scientist Mikhail Tsvet and has since been improved through advances allowing for many separation processes. Chromatography requires a mixture containing an analyte, a stationary phase, and a mobile phase. Components that are more soluble in the stationary phase will travel through it more slowly than those more soluble in the mobile phase. The main types are adsorption chromatography using a solid stationary phase and partition chromatography using a liquid stationary phase. Chromatography has various uses including crime scene investigations, medical testing, environmental monitoring, and quality control in manufacturing.

1. Chromatography

2. Chromatography
Definition:
“A technique by which we can separate components of a mixture due
to their different distribution between stationary and mobile phase is
called Chromatography”
Chromatography, literally meaning "color writing"

3. History of Chromatography
• It was first employed by Russian scientist Mikhail Tsvet in 1900
• It was primarily for the separation of plant pigments such
as chlorophyll, carotenes, and xanthophyll
• New types of chromatography developed during the 1930s and
1940s made the technique useful for many separation processes
• Chromatography technique developed substantially as a result of
the work of Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence
Millington Synge during the 1940s and 1950s
• Advances are continually improving the technical performance of
chromatography

4. Components
Components of Chromatography:
 Mixture containing Analyte
 Stationary Phase
 Mobile Phase

5. Principle of Chromatography
A component which is quite soluble in the stationary phase will take
longer to travel through it than a component which is not very soluble
in the stationary phase but very soluble in the mobile phase

6. Types of Chromatography
Adsorption Chromatography
It utilizes a mobile liquid or gaseous phase that is adsorbed onto the
surface of a stationary solid phase
Partition Chromatography
This form of chromatography is based on a thin film formed on the
surface of a solid support by a liquid stationary phase. Solute
equilibrates between the mobile phase and the stationary liquid

7. Uses of Chromatography
 It can be used in crime scene investigations
 In hospitals it can be used to detect alcohol levels in a patient's
blood stream

It can be used for environmental agencies to determine the level of
pollutants in water supplies

It can be used to purify chemicals needed to make a product in a
manufacturing plant

It can be used by pharmacists to determine the amount of each
chemical found in each product