Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It exists in two types: muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are selectively stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine, while nicotinic receptors are activated by nicotine and blocked by tubocurarine. ACh acts on muscarinic receptors in the CNS, smooth muscles, and glands to produce various effects like tremors, contraction, increased secretion, and accommodation. It acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS and neuromuscular junction. Cholinergic agonists like ACh and carbachol mimic the actions of ACh

2.  ACH is a major neuro-humoral transmitter

3. ATP+ACETATE+CO ENZ-A
ACETYL CO ENZ-A
CHOLINE
ACETYL CHOLINE+CO ENZ-A
ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE

4. It is of two types
1. MUSCARINIC
2. NICOTINIC

5.  These are selectively stimulated by
muscarine and blocked by atropine
 They are of five types-m1,m2,m3,m4,m5…

6. Location
CNS-Memory
GASTRIC GLANDS-HISTAMINE release
NATURE-G PROTEIN COUPLED
AGONIST-Oxotremorine

7.  Location –
CNS- tremor,analgesia
Visceral smooth muscles-contraction
 Nature
G-protein coupled
 Agonist - methacholine

8.  Location
Visceral smooth muscles- contraction
Iris-contraction of pupil
 Nature –g protein coupled
 Agonist:
bethanechol

9.  They are selectively activated by nicotine and
blocked by tubocurarine
 It is of two types Nm and Nn

10.  Location –CNS – specific inhibition and
excitation
 Nature- has intrinsic ion channel
 Agonist -nicotine

11.  Location –Nm junction- contraction of
skeletal muscles
 Nature – has intrinsic ion channel
 Agonist -nicotine

12.  These are drugs which produces action
similar to Ach.
 CHOLINERGICAGONISTS-
 CHOLINE ESTERASE-
Ach,methacholine,carbachol
 ALKALOIDS-muscarine,pilocarpine,arecoline

13.  A.MUSCARINIC
1. HEART-Ach hyper polarizes the SA nodal
cells and decreases rate of diastolic
depolarization.
It produces bradycardia.
 2. BLOODVESSELS-all are dilated.
it results in fall in BP

14.  3. smooth muscles-most organs are
contracted.
Peristalsis is increased in ureter.
 4. GLANDS- it results in increased sweating
,salivation and gastric secretion.
 5.EYE -contraction of ciliary muscle
Spasm of accomodation,reduces intra-
occular tension.

15. B. NICOTINIC
 1. Autonomic ganglia-both ganglias are
stimulated.
 High dose of Ach given after atropine causes
tachycardia
 2.skeletal muscles-intra arterial inj of high
dose cause twitching

16.  It is used to terminate paroxysomal
supraventricular tachycardia.

17.  1. INVOLUNTARY URINATION
 2.FLUSHING
 3.SWEATING
 4.FALL IN BP
 5.BRONCHO SPASM