Cholinergic system and drugs
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Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major neurotransmitter synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA. It exists in two types: muscarinic and nicotinic. Muscarinic receptors are selectively stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine, while nicotinic receptors are activated by nicotine and blocked by tubocurarine. ACh acts on muscarinic receptors in the CNS, smooth muscles, and glands to produce various effects like tremors, contraction, increased secretion, and accommodation. It acts on nicotinic receptors in the CNS and neuromuscular junction. Cholinergic agonists like ACh and carbachol mimic the actions of ACh
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Acetylcholine is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells, such as neurons, muscle cells and gland cells.
acetylcholine (1).pdf
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that acts at synapses in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and broken down by acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholine acts on two main receptor types: nicotinic receptors which are ion channels, and muscarinic receptors which are G protein-coupled receptors. Nicotinic receptors mediate fast transmission at neuromuscular junctions and in the autonomic ganglia, while muscarinic receptors have diverse effects in the CNS and PNS.
Organization of ans
The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic system originates from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and generally increases heart rate and constricts blood vessels. The parasympathetic system originates from the brainstem and sacral spinal cord and generally decreases heart rate and dilates blood vessels. Both systems work in opposition to regulate organ functions through cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
Actylcholine part 1
The document discusses the autonomic nervous system and cholinergic agents. It describes how the autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. The parasympathetic system uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter and causes effects such as decreasing heart rate and dilation of blood vessels. The sympathetic system uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter and causes effects like increasing heart rate and constriction of blood vessels. The document then focuses on the biosynthesis, storage, release and breakdown of acetylcholine, as well as the different types of acetylcholine receptors.
Cholinomemtic drugs
Noradrenaline
2. Major neurotransmitter released at end organ effectors of the craniosacral division of the
autonomic nervous system:-
Acetylcholine
This document discusses acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter that functions in the brain and body. It defines ACh, describes its synthesis and release, mechanisms of action, sites of function in the body, including the neuromuscular junction and autonomic nervous system. It also discusses the pharmacology of ACh, including agonists like pilocarpine and neostigmine, and antagonists like atropine. ACh exerts its effects by binding to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.
Reversal action of Acetylcholine on blood pressure in dog
1. Acetylcholine is a chemical transmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system that is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA and stored in neurons.
2. It acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Stimulation of muscarinic receptors by acetylcholine decreases blood pressure by vasodilation and lowering cardiac output.
3. However, after blocking muscarinic receptors with atropine, stimulation of nicotinic receptors in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla causes the release of catecholamines and an increase in blood pressure.
Cholinergics/ Parasymathomomitic
Cholinergic, parasympathomimitic, cholinomimitic, Pharmacology of Acetylcholine, Organophosphorous poisoning, mysthenia gravis, belladona poisoning, glaucoma
Transmitters
This document defines neurotransmitters as endogenous chemicals that transmit signals between neurons across synapses. It lists important neurotransmitters like GABA, serotonin, acetylcholine, catecholamines, and glutamate. It provides details on the synthesis, release, and actions of several key neurotransmitters including GABA, glutamate, serotonin, acetylcholine, glycine, and nitric oxide. It also discusses some disorders related to issues with neurotransmitters like deficiencies or excess levels.
Similar to Cholinergic system and drugs (20)
Clinical Pharmacology notes:Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous syste mby d...
Clinical Pharmacology notes:Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous syste mby d...
details on Nervous system, Cholinergic System (acetylcholine) and Drugs
details on Nervous system, Cholinergic System (acetylcholine) and Drugs
Autonomic nervous system introduction and cholinergic system
Autonomic nervous system introduction and cholinergic system
Reversal action of Acetylcholine on blood pressure in dog
Reversal action of Acetylcholine on blood pressure in dog
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Cholinergic system and drugs
- 2. ACH is a major neuro-humoral transmitter
- 3. ATP+ACETATE+CO ENZ-A ACETYL CO ENZ-A CHOLINE ACETYL CHOLINE+CO ENZ-A ACETYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE
- 4. It is of two types 1. MUSCARINIC 2. NICOTINIC
- 5. These are selectively stimulated by muscarine and blocked by atropine They are of five types-m1,m2,m3,m4,m5…
- 6. Location CNS-Memory GASTRIC GLANDS-HISTAMINE release NATURE-G PROTEIN COUPLED AGONIST-Oxotremorine
- 7. Location – CNS- tremor,analgesia Visceral smooth muscles-contraction Nature G-protein coupled Agonist - methacholine
- 8. Location Visceral smooth muscles- contraction Iris-contraction of pupil Nature –g protein coupled Agonist: bethanechol
- 9. They are selectively activated by nicotine and blocked by tubocurarine It is of two types Nm and Nn
- 10. Location –CNS – specific inhibition and excitation Nature- has intrinsic ion channel Agonist -nicotine
- 11. Location –Nm junction- contraction of skeletal muscles Nature – has intrinsic ion channel Agonist -nicotine
- 12. These are drugs which produces action similar to Ach. CHOLINERGICAGONISTS- CHOLINE ESTERASE- Ach,methacholine,carbachol ALKALOIDS-muscarine,pilocarpine,arecoline
- 13. A.MUSCARINIC 1. HEART-Ach hyper polarizes the SA nodal cells and decreases rate of diastolic depolarization. It produces bradycardia. 2. BLOODVESSELS-all are dilated. it results in fall in BP
- 14. 3. smooth muscles-most organs are contracted. Peristalsis is increased in ureter. 4. GLANDS- it results in increased sweating ,salivation and gastric secretion. 5.EYE -contraction of ciliary muscle Spasm of accomodation,reduces intra- occular tension.
- 15. B. NICOTINIC 1. Autonomic ganglia-both ganglias are stimulated. High dose of Ach given after atropine causes tachycardia 2.skeletal muscles-intra arterial inj of high dose cause twitching
- 16. It is used to terminate paroxysomal supraventricular tachycardia.
- 17. 1. INVOLUNTARY URINATION 2.FLUSHING 3.SWEATING 4.FALL IN BP 5.BRONCHO SPASM