The document outlines the hierarchy of physical planning in India, distinguishing between urban and rural settlements, with urban areas classified into statutory and census towns based on specific criteria. It details various planning levels including national, state, regional, and local, emphasizing the importance of participative planning that involves community engagement to address local issues and ensure sustainable development. The Chandigarh plan is highlighted as a model for local area planning, focusing on welfare, infrastructure, and environmental management within a defined sector framework.

1. Hierarchy of Physical
Planning
Jit Kumar Gupta

2. Urban; Rural Settlements - Census of India
 Two Types of human settlements exist on this planet- Urban and Rural
 Rural – has no definition --As of 2019, there's a total of 664,369 villages,
 Urban has been defined into – 2 categories-- 7935 towns
 Statutory towns- When any town has--municipality, corporation, cantonment board or a notified town
area committee- 4061
 Census Town-3874--when any settlement has;-
 - a minimum population of 5,000;
 - at least 75 per cent of the male working population is engaged in non-agricultural pursuits;
 - population density is at least 400 people per sq km.
 - towns has 6 categories – based on population--- upto 4.,999-vi
 5000- 9999-v; 10,000- 19,999-iv; 20,000- 49,999-iii; 50,000- 99,999-ii; 1,00,000 and more-I; 1million
and plus-Metropolis; 10 million plus- Megapolis

3. Planning typologies in India- administrative , Urban, Rural
 Planning at National Level- National Planning- Five Year Plans; Annual Plan- R&U
 Planning at State Level- State Planning- R&U
 Planning at Regional Level- Regional Planning- R&U
 Planning at District Level- District Planning- 73rd CAA-1992- R&U- Aspirational
districts
 Planning at Metropolitan Level- Metropolitan Planning-73rd CAA-1992- R&U
 Urban planning--Planning at City Level- Master plans/Development plans- Urban
 Planning at Zonal Level- Zonal Plans- Urban
 Planning at Local Level- Local Area Planning- R&U
 Rural Planning- Planning at Tehsil Level– Tehsil Planning-- R&U
 Planning at Block Level-- Block Planning- R&U
 Planning at Village Level- Village Planning- R

4. Physical Planning- UDPFI Guidelines
Perspective Plans- State level Plan
Regional Plan- Regional level Plans
Development Plan /Master Plans-City
level Plan
Local Area Plan- Neighborhood Level
Plan
Special Purpose Plans-Sector Plan
Annual Plan

6. Perspective Plans
Purpose of perspective plan is to
provide;
 -- an overall framework
-for preparation of detailed plans.
-- serves as a guide for
--Regional authorities-
preparation of regional plans
-- local authorities--
preparation of development plans

7. Regional Plans
 Sustainable /Planned development of Regions
 Prepared within framework of Perspective Plans
 3 Planning regions -- (a) Administrative Regions--
District / Metropolitan Regions - 73rd & 74th CAA
 (b) Investment Regions new investment manufacturing zones-
SEZ, industrial corridor
 (c) Special Region -- environment/ socio economic Sensitive
zone-
• Regional plan prepared under an Act
• focuses on balanced development of Region
 defines hierarchy of settlements- both urban & rural
 defines Hierarchy of connectivity -
road, rail, sea airports
 focuses on
 -- land utilisation
 --resources utilisation,
 --resource mobilisation,
 -- environmental protection
 -- disaster risk management.

8. Development Plan/Master Plan
 Development plan -
 a statutory plan
 prepared under an Act
 within framework of perspective plan
Objective of development plan
 - to provide
 -- further necessary details/ intended actions
 - in the shape of strategies &
 physical proposals
 for various policies
 given in perspective plan/ regional plan
 depending upon economic /social needs and
 aspiration of people,
 available resources and
 defined priorities.

9. Chandigarh Plan

10. Defining -Local Area Planning
 Local area planning is a—
 - process of planning that is;
 -- concerned with resolving
 -- local level problems / issues.
 - focusing on—
 -- welfare of local people
 - development of the local area.
 -- Maintenance of local level social services /amenities,
 -- promoting quality and quantity of- local products / services
 -- keeping surroundings / local environment clean /green
 Size- smallest planning unit- with reference to people/places.
 -- Planning carried out through people’s - Vision/participation
 - adopted in India’s Five Year Plans

11. Defining -Local Area Planning
 micro‐planning -- local area plans,
 Prepared for decentralization/ improving implementation of Development Plans.
 73rd & 74h CAA--
planning decision / implementation of plans should be disaggregated
 for bringing planning closer to local people.
 Objective;
 --Local area plans are prepared to;
 -- guide development / re‐development of land at local level
 -conservation of buildings physical features at local level
 -providing improvements in physical layout- at local level
 - making required infrastructure & amenities at local level
 - managing area at local level
 - enhancing health /safety of local residents
 -- supportting economic development at local level
 --enhancing quality of living and local environment.

12. Local Area Planning context
 Local area plans specify- compliance with Government Policies related to-
 - housing, urban development, rainwater harvesting,
 -- energy, disaster management, industrial /service sector investment,
 -- barrier‐free environment for elderly / physically challenged,
 e‐Governance, tourism etc.
 Plan should delineate;
 - reservation of land for roads
 -reservation for public purposes,
 -- for construction, reclamation etc.
 Plan should provide a framework
 -- for recovery of associated costs for public projects,
 --- by levy of betterment charges,
 -- levying charges on additional development rights, and
 ---- appropriate user charges.

14. Sector of Chandigarh
 Chandigarh is composed of sectors.
 Each sector is 800 meters by 1,200 meters,
 enclosed by roads allocated to fast mechanised
transport and
 sealed to direct access from houses.
 Each sector caters to daily needs of its
inhabitants,
 Population varies from 5,000 to 25,000
 has a green strip oriented longitudinally
 stretching centrally along sector in the
direction of mountains.
 Green strip should stay uninterrupted and
 accommodate schools, sports fields, walkways
and recreational facilities for sector
Vehicular traffic is completely forbidden in green
strips,
 where tranquility shall reign and
 curse of noise shall not penetrate.

15. People Participation- Involving Communities
 Planning has focus on -people / promote welfare of people and place where they live.
 Approach to planning should shift -- from top‐down to bottom‐up approach
 to make planning process - more inclusive, comprehensive, sustainable.
 Involving communities important for--
 -Understanding ground realities
 - Understanding people aspirations
 - Ascertaining needs of people/area
 - Ascertaining Local priorities
 -Ensuring plans remain relevant- making value addition to planning process
 -Planning has people ownership-remain people led
 People participation can be sourced–
 --during- planningƒ -developing vision
 --identification local requirements
 - identifying development priorities. ƒ-
 -before finalization / implementation of development programmes and priorities. ƒ
 -- during implementation
 --evaluation of development programmes project.

16. Participative Planning- Involving Communities
ory planning helps in
away from Static, state driven, spatially biased planning to
people-driven and integrative planning
del for management relative to “conventional” - expert input
ory planning woks a tool which helps in;
ng conflicts.
ing / prioritizing city needs
accepted solutions/ improve decision making
new sense of ownership of both problems and solutions
and evaluation.
ty planning;
ring cities& communities
Participative Planning
uestionnaires
Focused group discussions (FGDs)
interviews;- Involving residential welfare organisations
ng workshops- - Creating a think Tank- Involving professional institutions- ITPI/IIA/IE/CII/PHD
CBOs/ NGOs – Involving Government Departments-

17. Focus of Planning
 Sustainable Urban and Regional Development
 1. Urban / Regional plans must focus on Sustainability-
 -- financial, social, governance/ managerial and environmental.
 2. Financial sustainability -- working out capital &operational costs and options to
recover
 -- development charges-to recover the capex project
 -- user charges should pay for the operational expenses.
 3. Social sustainability - inclusion, provide benefit to all residents equitably.
 Identifying gainers /losers-- ensure that gainers are charged & pass on to losers.
 4. Governance/ managerial sustainability -- project meet statutory / regulatory
requirements
 -- have adequate capacities for maintaining project at reasonable costs.
 5 Environmental sustainability -- improvement environment, ‘minimising / damage’