2. TYPES OF PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Broadly we can classify the planning activities in 4 different types.
1) The nature of planning goals
2) The scope of planning activities
3) The spatial level of activities and
4) The operational level of activities
3. The nature of planning goals
This classification is on the basis of goals, which is designed to achieve.
That’s why we call it “Goal oriented” or “functional” classification.
Albert waterston identifies four different categories of planning.
i. War-time Planning
This type of planning is in the case of emergency like national disaster.
ii. Town and country Planning.
it is concern with the allocation of land between different functions or
activities. For instance Land-use planning, Physical Planning, Urban and
regional Planning.
iii. Anticyclical Planning.
Which is designed to maintain stability in a national economy and to
counteract the alterate booms and depressions.
iv. Development Planning
Concern with increasing rate of economic and social programs.
4. spatial level of planning
Planning may be undertaken at any level from that of the
individual to that of the world as a whole. Following are the
different types.
International Planning.
With the establishment of UNO, international planning came into existence
and efforts are made at international level to promote good will and co-
operation b/w different countries of the world.
National Planning.
To utilize the potentialities and resources in different fields of a nation in
best possible way. Like railways, irrigation projects, heavy industries ect
Our Five-year Plan is the example of National Planning.
Regional Planning
Proposals in a region for the distribution of population and other facilities.
A town can’t isolated from its surrounding regions. Hence, the regional
planning helps in controlling and reshaping the growth of major towns in
the region.
5. spatial level of planning
Town or Local or Village Planning.
Aims at proper distribution of population densities, regulation of traffic,
location of shopping, recreational area and provision of green belts etc. this
type of plan will greatly influenced by economic conditions and finances
available for the development of the town.
The nature of planning goal
This classification is done on the basis of discipline and professional lines.
In this type of planning it is to consider the scope of the activities which
planning is designed to influence.
For example, a distinction is made in socio-economic and Architectural
planning while socio-economic planning is sub divided in social and
economical components.
Alternatively planning is divided into sectors such as Agriculture
planning, educational planning and transport planning etc
6. “That is the way in which plans are implemented”
Project is the more visible type of operational level of planning.
PROJECT: An activity or set of activity that are planned as a whole having
specific resources, geographical location and specific time period”
Example: BRT
PROGRAM: An activity or set of activity that are planned as a
whole which do not have specific resources, geographical location
and specific time period”
Example: Polio Program of WHO
SECTORAL PLANNING:
“which divides the the government machinery in different department and
ministries to execute the plans sector wise for the betterment of the
department. For example Education, Agriculture and forest etc.
OPERATIONAL level of planning
7. INTEGRATED AREA PLANNING:
A small area is selected and all the sectors are developed within that
geographical area. This selection may be based on
1. This area has some special potential
2. This is the most problematic region
( issues of health, housing, education and transportation etc)
COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING:
The type of planning in which all the sectors are taking at one time is called
comprehensive planning. The resources are distributed in all sectors. Some
planners do not like comprehensive planning.
OPERATIONAL level of planning
