Tibet is a plateau region in Asia located within China that has been a source of tension between Tibetans and the Chinese government. Historically, Tibet governed itself as an independent nation but China invaded in the 1950s and has exercised control over Tibet since that time. This has led to significant human rights issues as Tibetans face restrictions on their cultural and religious practices and many have been displaced from their homes. The Tibetan government-in-exile operates out of Dharamsala, India but lacks international recognition. The Dalai Lama remains the influential spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism.
A very informative presentation about the history and current situation of Tibet created by the Tibet Hope Center in McLeod Ganj, Dharamsala, North India.
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Thailand, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
The place
The people
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Thai worldviews
Buddhism
Culture and social organization
Social values
Key events and persons
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A powerpoint presentation I made for our subject, Southeast Asian Politics and Government~
This presentation revolves around the Kingdom of Thailand. A little bit too long for reporting but I hope it would contain everything you need for your assignment, project, etc.
A very informative presentation about the history and current situation of Tibet created by the Tibet Hope Center in McLeod Ganj, Dharamsala, North India.
Political events that led to the creation of modern day Thailand, from pre-colonial times to the 2010s.
For our Southeast Asian Politics class (comparative politics).
The place
The people
Brief history
Thai worldviews
Buddhism
Culture and social organization
Social values
Key events and persons
Challenges of modern Thailand
A powerpoint presentation I made for our subject, Southeast Asian Politics and Government~
This presentation revolves around the Kingdom of Thailand. A little bit too long for reporting but I hope it would contain everything you need for your assignment, project, etc.
The slide presentation is about China influence in the Caribbean economies, specially in the CARICOM countries and evaluate the China-Caribbean relationship
This PowerPoint presentation describes, in a nutshell, the Syrian crisis. This was my first PowerPoint presentation which I along with my team members presented to the English professor.
The presentation slide that i used for sharing information about my country to my friends when i joined training at Okinawa International Center, Okinawa, Japan.
This is a presentation on BHUTAN, a small country on the foothills of Himalayas surrounded by lush green mountains. The country with highest oxygen. Bhutan, a Buddhist kingdom on the Himalayas’ eastern edge, is known for its monasteries, fortresses (or dzongs) and dramatic landscapes that range from subtropical plains to steep mountains and valleys. In the High Himalayas, peaks such as 7,326m Jomolhari are popular trekking destinations. Paro Taktsang monastery (also known as Tiger’s Nest) clings to cliffs above the forested Paro Valley.
PPT slides of Chinese history from ancient times to the present (21th century), including every major dynasty and some important people. With maps and pictures in slides. Good for high school and college intro-level history courses.
The slide presentation is about China influence in the Caribbean economies, specially in the CARICOM countries and evaluate the China-Caribbean relationship
This PowerPoint presentation describes, in a nutshell, the Syrian crisis. This was my first PowerPoint presentation which I along with my team members presented to the English professor.
The presentation slide that i used for sharing information about my country to my friends when i joined training at Okinawa International Center, Okinawa, Japan.
This is a presentation on BHUTAN, a small country on the foothills of Himalayas surrounded by lush green mountains. The country with highest oxygen. Bhutan, a Buddhist kingdom on the Himalayas’ eastern edge, is known for its monasteries, fortresses (or dzongs) and dramatic landscapes that range from subtropical plains to steep mountains and valleys. In the High Himalayas, peaks such as 7,326m Jomolhari are popular trekking destinations. Paro Taktsang monastery (also known as Tiger’s Nest) clings to cliffs above the forested Paro Valley.
PPT slides of Chinese history from ancient times to the present (21th century), including every major dynasty and some important people. With maps and pictures in slides. Good for high school and college intro-level history courses.
SAID MASOUD.. SAVE TIBET,.... HISTORY OF TIBET.. THE STORY ABOUT THEIR ANCIENT TIMES IN TIBET.. DOCUMENTARY OF TIBET... IT CONCERNS ABOUT HOW TIBET HISTORY AND THEIR STRUGLING ABOUT THEIR FREEDOM IN THEIR OWN HOME COUNTRY AGAINST CHINA.
Here is a well documented presentation about the situation in Tibet, all information has been verified as to be truth. You'll see the manipulation that some media are making about history. Sun Tze said that the winner can arrange history on his way...
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
3. Tibet: geography
Under the People’s Republic of China, Tibet’s
three provinces, U-Tsang, Amdo and Kham, are
now divided among four Chinese provinces
(Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Gansu) and the “Tibet
Autonomous Region”.
4. Tibet: geography
Economy:
agriculture, resource extraction, tourism
Languages:
Tibetan; Mandarin
Capital:
Lhasa
Population:
estimated 6m Tibetans;
unknown number of Han
Chinese
Religion:
Tibetan Buddhist
5. The Tibetan plateau is known as the
“Third Pole” because of the amount
of fresh water stored in its glaciers.
The Tibetan Plateau - 4,500m average height.
Tibet has the Himalayan mountains in the south-west, primarily grassland in the
north and forested valleys in the east and south-east
An estimated 2bn people in Asia
depend on the flow of fresh water from
Tibet.
Tibet: geography
6. Brief history of Tibet
•Tibet and China had close relations for centuries,
amid shifting empires in east Asia
•Ruled by Dalai Lamas since 17th century
•In 1913, the 13th Dalai Lama formally asserted
Tibet’s independence.
•Tibet issued currency and passports, and signed
international treaties in 20th century
7. Brief history of Tibet
•Tibet was invaded and occupied by the
People’s Republic of China in 1949-50
• Tibetan leaders signed “Seventeen
Point Agreement” with China, ceding
sovereignty but preserving some
autonomy
•In March 1959, uprising took place
against Chinese rule
• The uprising was suppressed and the
Dalai Lama fled to India with tens-of-
thousands of followers
8. Brief history of Tibet
• More than one million Tibetans are thought to have died as a result of the
Chinese invasion of Tibet
•There have been significant Tibetan uprisings against Chinese rule in the 1980s,
1990s and in 2008
More than 6,000 monasteries have
been closed or destroyed
Hundreds of thousands of Tibetan
peasants and nomads died between
1960 and 1962
9. Tibet in exile
• Tibetan government-in-exile established in Dharamsala, India in 1959. Dalai Lama
passed political control to fully-elected government in 2011.
• Now called the Central Tibetan Administration, the Dharamsala government is not
recognised by any government or the United Nations
His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet
•spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism
•winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989
•called by China “a wolf in monk’s clothing”
10. Tibet today: migration and marginalisation
• China plans to increase the
urban population of the Tibet
Autonomous Region by 30% by
2020 - an increase of 280,000
people
•Chinese people are offered
incentives to move to Tibet
•Tibetans are disadvantaged
through language, ethnicity,
education
11. Tibet today: relocation and “Disneyfication”
Relocation
Two million Tibetan nomads
have been moved from their
land to urban settlements,
where they lack the skills to
compete for jobs
“Disneyfication”
Picturesque representations of Tibetan
culture are used to attract tourists while
Tibetans face increasing restrictions on their
freedom to practice it
12. Tibet today: human rights
Human Rights
•“Splittism”
•Surveillance
•Criminalisation of religious
and cultural life
• Collective punishment
• Communication restrictions
13. Tibet today: human rights
• Suppression
of protest
•Intimidation
•Torture
•Severe sentences
“Tibet today is one of the most repressed and closed societies in the world”
Senator Robert Menendez, Chairman of US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 2012
15. Tibet’s Resistance
• Collective protest against:
– Environmental destruction
– Religious restrictions
– Human rights abuses
– Attacks on Tibetan culture (e.g. education)
• Individual protest
– Solo protests
– Self-immolation
16. Tibet’s Resistance
Defending Tibet’s culture
• Language classes
• Blogs
• Music, poetry
• Lhakar
Banned in China-occupied Tibet
• Tibetan national flag
• Images of the Dalai Lama
• Tibetan patriotic songs
17. “All peoples have the right of
self-determination. By virtue of
that right they freely
determine their political status
and freely pursue their
economic, social and cultural
development.”
Article 1(1) – International
Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, 1966
Self-determination
Introduction:
Information about the subjects of all slides is available at www.freetibet.org Additional references are provided in the notes below.
NOTE: International media, diplomats and human rights organisations are denied access to the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and have highly restricted access to other parts of Tibet. See Free Tibet resource China teaching resources – independent and dissident perspectives for a comprehensive list of independent sources of information about the current situation in Tibet.
Tibet covers a land area of over 2.5 million square kilometres. It is more than ¼ of China’s land mass. http://tibet.net/about-tibet/tibet-at-a-glance/
When China’s government refers to “Tibet”, it means only the region now called the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Many international media and governments have adopted this practice. For Tibetans, the entire area shown on this map is Tibet.
Population: Chinese figures show the population of the TAR to be more than 90% ethnic Tibetan but exclude “temporary” migrants (see slide 10) and military forces. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet#Demographics
Economy: Natural resources, include extensive reserves of gold, copper, silver, lithium (used in batteries) and uranium. https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/4696-Tibet-s-resource-curse ; http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2013/08/mining-tibet-poisoning-china/
Most tourism is internal, with more than 90% of visitors to the Tibet Autonomous Region being Chinese. http://tibet.net/2012/10/13/tibet-a-rare-foreign-visitor-finds-a-chinese-tourism-boom/
Tibetan is an entirely separate language from Chinese, using a different written script. Mandarin was rarely spoken in Tibet before 1950 but is now the main language used in business and education. Some younger Tibetans are no longer fluent or literate in Tibetan.
Image: Potala Palace, Lhasa; Tibetan script
Tibet faces substantial environmental challenges. Climate change is leading to melting of its glaciers. Deforestation and the damming of rivers for hydropower are changing its physical geography.
Known as the “Third Pole” because the amount of fresh water stored in its glaciers and flowing from its rivers is exceeded only by North and South poles. http://www.thethirdpole.net/ http://tibet-edd.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/resource-extraction-and-deforestation.html
Picture credits: http://www.tpe.ac.cn/; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau
China claims that Tibet has been part of China “since antiquity” but this is rejected Tibetans and many independent scholars. As neither country was a modern nation state before 1900, the independence or otherwise of Tibet before the 1950 invasion remains a matter of dispute.
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89552004
The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism and, in Tibetan Buddhist belief, is the reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. The religious role dates back to the 1400s, but Dalai Lamas also ruled Tibet politically until the Chinese invasion of 1950.
http://www.dalailama.com/biography/the-dalai-lamas
Images: 13th Dalai Lama and Tibetan currency
Tibet’s small army briefly opposed China’s invasion but was rapidly overwhelmed and the “17 point Agreement” was signed with Chinese military forces occupying Tibet. Tibetans became increasingly concerned that the autonomy supposedly enshrined in the agreement was being undermined by China, leading to the 1959. http://www.tibetjustice.org/materials/china/china3.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-16689779
Numbers of Tibetans killed in the period following the 1950 invasion and the 1959 uprising are not known but are agreed by scholars to be in the tens-of-thousands. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising
Numbers killed since by security forces during the suppression of protests and in custody as a result of neglect or torture are also unknown.
Chairman Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” (1958-60) caused famine leading to the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Tibetan peasants and nomads (and millions of people across China). http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/great_leap_forward.htm
Thousands of monasteries were also destroyed following the invasion and in particular during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76).
The government-in-exile began democratisation in 1960, with an elected Parliament. Since 2001, the leader of the government has been directly elected. www.tibet.net
The current Dalai Lama was a teenager when Tibet was invaded [www.dalailama.com] and has not returned to Tibet since 1959. The Chinese government has said it will consider his return if he accepts that Tibet has always been part of China. http://www.ecns.cn/2015/04-15/161801.shtml
The Dalai Lama has proposed a “Middle Way” solution to the status of Tibet, in which it remains part of the People’s Republic of China but has far greater autonomy to protect its environment, traditions, language and culture. China has rejected the Middle Way, claiming that it is “cover” for his ultimate aim of independence. The Dalai Lama denies this, although many Tibetans do seek independence. http://www.dalailama.com/messages/middle-way-approach
Since the invasion, China has actively encouraged migration of Han Chinese people to the whole of Tibet. Incentives include relaxation of the one-child policy http://english.cntv.cn/2014/11/07/ARTI1415317752096286.shtml
Mandarin is now the language of education, government and business in Tibet. This favours Chinese immigrants and Tibetans face difficulties in competing for jobs. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3671
Nomadic families who are relocated can be forced to pay three-quarters or more of the cost of their new housing, forcing them into debt making them unable to feed their livestock or families. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/06/27/they-say-we-should-be-grateful-0
Disneyfication: http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/january_february_2014/ten_miles_square/the_disneyfication_of_tibet048349.php?page=all
“Splittism/separatism” is a crime in Chinese law, referring to acts which threaten to divide Chinese territory. It can be applied to any “nationalistic” act, such as signing patriotic songs or advocating for the return of the Dalai Lama. Images of the Dalai Lama are banned, as is the Tibet flag.
Communities where protests take place can face cancellation of state-funded projects. Families of protesters may lose land rights. Collective punishment is illegal under international human rights law. http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/11/29/china-tibetan-immolations-security-measures-escalate
Tibetans pictured include:
Dhondup Wangchen (top row, centre), filmmaker, served six years for making “Leaving Fear behind” in 2008, which featured interviews with Tibetans speaking frankly about political situation
Khenpo Kartse (second row, second from right), monk, environment activist and teacher, imprisoned for two-and-a-half years in 2014.
Jigme Dolma (third row, right), 17-year-old student, arrested and beaten for a solo protest in 2012. serving three year sentence.
Lolo (bottom left), popular singer imprisoned in 2013.
Suppression of protests: Protest is prohibited. In 2008, demonstrations swept across the entire Tibetan plateau. Authorities arrested an estimated 6,000 protestors, of which the fate of about 1,000 still remains unknown. On 12 August 2014, four Tibetans died after security forces opened fire on a demonstration in Kardze.
Torture: Torture in China and Tibet is “routine” and “widespread”, according to the United Nations. Monk and activist Golog Jigme reports being handcuffed to a burning stove after being arrested in 2008.
In 2014, Thardhod Gyaltsen was given an 18 year prison sentence after Chinese police found banned pictures and teachings of the Dalai Lama in his room.
Security forces deployed at a traditional religious festival at Kumbum Monastery, eastern Tibet.
Free Tibet maintains a constantly updated record of protest in Tibet at http://freetibet.org/about/tibets-resistance
Protests against cultural destruction include high school students in 2012 opposing the replacement of Tibetan-language school books with books in Mandarin.
Self-immolation protests: Since March 2009, more than 135 people are known to have set themselves on fire inside Tibet in protest against China’s occupation and policies. They include teachers, students and herdsmen, as well as mothers and fathers.
Tibetans also resist the effects of occupation by pro-actively defending and asserting their culture. This includes the setting up of Tibetan language classes in their communities, writing poems, essays, songs and creating paintings devoted to Tibetan language, identity and culture.
Lhakar (“White Wednesdays”) is a people’s movement that has emerged in Tibet. Every Wednesday, a growing number of Tibetans are making special efforts to wear traditional clothes, speak Tibetan and patronise Tibetan-owned businesses. http://lhakar.org/about/
The International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is the principle international document establishing the political rights of people and the obligations of governments. China has signed the Convention but has not ratified it.
http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/ccpr.aspx ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights
Please contact Free Tibet at info@freetibet.org or on 0207 324 4605 for further information or to request a talk or presentation by Free Tibet at your school.
The content of this presentation may be freely used in whole or in part for educational purposes.