This presentation is about Child Labor in Nepal. This is a group presentation prepared by me and my friends of Kathmandu University.

1. CHILD LABOR IN NEPAL
PRESENTED BY:
NIRVIK DOTEL (7)
ANJANA KUINKEL (10)
BISHAL LAMSAL (12)
GAURI SHRESTHA (22)
SUMITA THAPA (24)
COURSE INSTRUCTOR
Prof.Dr. Bibhuti Ranjan Jha
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

2. ► is the work that deprives children
of their childhood, their potential
and dignity
► is the practice of having children
engage in economic activities,
on part or full time basis
► refers to work that is mentally ,
physically, socially or morally
dangerous and harmful to
children and interfere with their
schooling by depriving them of
opportunity to attend school.
INTRODUCTION

3. ► Unicef defined child labor as the works that
are considered harmful for child and exceed
a minimum number of hours.
► ILO defined child labor as , damage to
children health, hamper their education
and leads to further exploitation and abuse.
► ILO defined the worst form of child labor
which includes using children in armed
forces(i.e. in Africa), sexual exploitation like
prostitution , illegal activities like trafficking of
drugs, etc.

4. ► to collect and analyze the
information about child labor
► to study the current situation of
children
► to study the activities of different
organization in Nepal
► to study the laws and legislation on
child labor
► to raise the awareness about child
labor
OBJECTIVES

5. ► based on the data of NLFS 2008, about 3.14 million
children(40.4 %) of the child population(7.7 million) in the 5
to 17 year age group, may be classified as children in
employment (known as working children)
► report estimates that 1.60 million(51%) of all working
children, fall into the category of child labor.
► total participation rate for children in Nepal is estimated at
about (40.4%) there is a significant difference between that
of girls (47.6 per cent) and that of boys (36.1 per cent).
CURRENT SITUATION OF
CHILD LABOR

6. ► they serve domestic servants, porters, rag
pickers or carpet factory workers, as well as
in restaurants and in the transportation
sector
► median monthly income of child workers is
Rs.2,167, though the income of boys is
much higher than that of girls
► Children who work machinery operators
receive the highest earnings, followed by
those working in craft‐related occupations

7. ESTIMATED FIGURE OF CHILD
EMPLOYMENT BY DIFFERENT SECTORS

8. Total children 5-17
years old
(7,770,321)
Children attending
school and not
working (4,194,755)
54.0%
Working children
irrespective of school
attendance (3,142,501)
40.4%
Children working and
not attending school
660,858
21%
Children working and
attending school
(2,481,843)
79%
Children neither
working nor attending
school (433,065)
5.6%
SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN
NEPAL AND THEIR STUDY

9. ► According to ILO , though child labour is declining at the rate of 1 lakh
every year, Nepal still accounts for 1.6 million children between age of
5 -17 in child labour.
► 6,21,000 are estimated to be engaged in hazardous work.
► More girls than boys work and 60% of the girls are engaged in
hazardous work.
► In Kathmandu Valley, an estimated 11- 13,000 girls and women are
working in the night entertainment industry (dance bars, massage
parlours, cabin restaurants), of which many are forced to engage in
sexual activities and are vulnerable to trafficking.
► 4.5% of primary school aged children are out of school.
► Greater work of child labour are in rural areas
CURRENT SITUATION OF CHILD
LABOR

10. District No. of children Percentage
Girls Boys Total
Kathmandu
Valley
32 27 59 6.39
Neighboring
district
151 114 265 28.71
Other district 330 203 533 57.75
Not mentioned 50 16 66 7.15
Total 563 360 923 100
DETAILS OF ORIGIN OF CHILDREN IN
DOMESTIC SERVICE IN KATHMANDU VALLEY
Source:- Children in domestic service in Kathmandu Valley annual
status report 2004

11. Region Total Boys Girls
World
(Number in
million)
250 140 110
Africa 32% 56% 44%
Asia 61% 54% 46%
Latin America 7% 67% 33%
Oceania 0.2% 57% 43%
GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CHILD
LABOR ESTIMATES (1996, CHILDREN
AGED 5-14 YEARS)
Source : ILO Bureau of Statistics, 1996

12. REASONS OF CHILD LABOR
Child labor persists even though laws and standards to eliminate it
exist. The major reasons behind the prevalence of child labor in
Nepal can be discussed as below:
Poverty Study
burden
Family
pressure
Abusive
environment
Gender
inequality
Urban luxury
Lack of
education
Family
inability

13. Poverty
It is widely recognized
and acknowledged as
the primary cause of child
labor.
Study burden
Most of the children from
mainly rural areas find
working more fruitful than
education and hence they
are attracted to city life and
engage themselves in
working
Family pressure
Some parents don’t
realize that it is illegal
and how the
psychology of children
is hampered when they
are forcefully engaged
in work against their
desire.

14. Abusive environment
Harassment from the
internal people(family
members and relatives)
and external people
(neighbors) also pushes the
children away from the
family towards the outer
environment which leaves
them no choice but to be
involved in the labor to
earn the livelihood.
Gender Inequality
Widely held view that girl
children are less in need of
education than boys, which
leads them being taken out
of school at an early age
and placed in work at home
or sold into domestic
employment or sex work.
Family Inability
Some children do not have
parents and some are the
only bread earners in the
family due to in capabilities
of their parents. Thus, they
are abide by the
compulsion to work from an
early age.

15. Urban luxury
City areas consists of access to
transportation, hotels, restaurants,
dance bars which attracts children of
rural areas. As a result many children
have left their hometown to work in
urban areas hoping that they would
earn enough for a comfortable life
as well as support their poor family.
Lack of education
Lack of quality
education is another
issue that has a direct
influence on high rate
of child laborers in
Nepal

16. Poverty was the major reasons found behind the involvement of lower castes children in laborer’s
activities in brick kilns. The second reason is the advance money provided by the owner/naikes of the
brick kilns. The third reason is the caste discrimination in the village society where they work and get
very less money, or sometimes they have to work without money. The wage in the kiln is based on the
quantity i.e. the number of brick produced or the number of brick carried. So, the families who
brought their children along with them knowingly or unknowingly involved their children in the work of
brick kilns like clay making, carrying bricks, molding the bricks, domestic works like preparing food,
making tea, cleaning dishes and laundry and as well as looking after their younger siblings. Some of
the parents send their children to their relatives and neighbor to work in the brick kilns. Being the
lower castes children, they are primarily exploited in the laborer’s activities from their household
conditions because of the poor economic background of the families and uneducated parents
where they couldn't go to school and are compelled to involve in child labor.”
A case study of lower caste children
involved in brick kilns of Kathmandu valley

17. The main goal of the National master
plan is to put an end to all forms
of child labor in Nepal. It has also set
the target of banishing the exploitative
and worst form of child labor by 2022
and all types of child labor by 2025.
Time is running out.
Initiatives against child labor

18. Standard Meets international
standards :Yes/NO
Age legislation
Minimum Age for Work Yes 15 Section 3(1) of the Child Labor
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act (33)
Minimum Age for Hazardous
Work
No 17 Section 3(2) of the Child Labor
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act (33)
Prohibition of Forced Labor Yes Section 4 of
the Labor Act (33)
Prohibition of Using Children in
Illicit Activities
No Sections 13 and 16(4) of the
Children’s Act (37)
The government has passed the Labor Act, which prohibits forced labor and sets
penalties for forced labor violations.
National legislation and legal
framework related to child labor

19. In case any entrepreneur commits any act in contravention to
sections mentioned above he/she shall be liable to the punishment
of an imprisonment up to two months or a fine of five thousand
rupees in maximum or the both.

20. CVICT
CWIN
ILO Concern
Nepal
THESE ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORTS STREET CHILDREN, CHILDREN SUBJECTED TO
CHILD LABOR, CHILDREN WHO ARE SEXUALLY EXPLOITED, AND ALSO THOSE
VICTIMIZED BY VIOLENCE.
NON-GOVERNENTAL
ORGANIZATONS
CWIN: Child Workers in Nepal
Concerned Center
CVICT :Center for Victims of
Torture
ILO : international Labor
Organization

21. Child Nepal CWSN
CWISH
INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL
ORGANIZATION
CWSN: Child Welfare
Scheme Nepal
CWISH :Children and
Women in Social Service
and Human Rights

22. 1. Mass Awareness
2. The Child Helplines, transit centers, self-reliance and
empowerment of children.
3. Education support
4. Partnerships with children and their associations, national
alliances, international agencies and movements
5. Legal support
6. Social reintegration
7. Physical and mental health support
8. Strict punishment for violators.
MITIGATIONS

23. ❖ Life threatening
❖ Time consuming process
❖ Need a lot of patience
❖ Lack of government support
❖ Biasness of people
❖ Bribery
CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CHILD
WORKERS

24. ❖ To donate funds for NGOs working for rehabilitation
of street children.
❖ To make the rural people aware about benefits of
education.
❖ To provide free education for the orphans.
❖ To start campaigns against child labor.
WHAT CAN “WE” AS A PERSON DO
TO STOP CHILD LABOR

25. ❖ Government oriented programs for child labor.
❖ Involvement of every citizens.
❖ Raising awareness about the exploitation of working
children.
❖ Gender equality
❖ Socialization
❖ Making and improving policies about child labor.
RECOMMENDATIONS

26. PHOTO GALLERY

28. THANK YOU