This document provides information on the required meals and records for infants participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). It outlines the meal patterns and required food components for infants from birth to 11 months. Centers are required to offer iron-fortified infant formula and complete an Infant Formula/Feeding Selection Form for each infant. Meals must be recorded daily or weekly on an Infant Meal Record. Reimbursable meals at different infant ages are specified, along with examples of correctly completed meal records. Proper food handling and credits are also discussed.
This is a presentation on Women's Rights to Breastfeed Publicly. It covers the federal law and MO, KS, AR, and OK state laws for breastfeeding in public. It also includes information about the benefit of breastfeeding and it shows pictures that demonstrate how our society has misconstrued what they think is acceptable and unacceptable.
This is a presentation on Women's Rights to Breastfeed Publicly. It covers the federal law and MO, KS, AR, and OK state laws for breastfeeding in public. It also includes information about the benefit of breastfeeding and it shows pictures that demonstrate how our society has misconstrued what they think is acceptable and unacceptable.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION RELATED TO CHILD HEALTHMahaveer Swarnkar
The Child Welfare Service is responsible for implementing measures for children and their families in situations where there are special needs in relation to the home environment. Assistance may be provided as counseling, advisory services, and aid measures, including external support contacts, relief measures in the home, and access to day care and agencies or organization play an important role in delivery of child welfare services.
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION RELATED TO CHILD HEALTHMahaveer Swarnkar
The Child Welfare Service is responsible for implementing measures for children and their families in situations where there are special needs in relation to the home environment. Assistance may be provided as counseling, advisory services, and aid measures, including external support contacts, relief measures in the home, and access to day care and agencies or organization play an important role in delivery of child welfare services.
The slides contain description of weaning foods and artifical feeding given to the baby, important points to be considered while preparing feed for the baby
Similar to Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP (20)
Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi'nin Gıda Yasasıyla İlgili Genel İlke ve Şartla...Ülger Ahmet
Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konseyi'nin Gıda Yasasıyla İlgili Genel İlke ve Şartları Belirleyen, Avrupa Gıda Güvenliği İdaresi' ni Kuran ve Gıda Güvenliği Konularıyla İlgili İşlemleri Belirleyen 28 Ocak 2002 Tarih ve (EC)178/2002 Sayılı Tüzüğü
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
7. Definition of Infant in the Child
and Adult Care Food Program
Birth through 11 monthsBirth through 11 months
Up to the day the child hasUp to the day the child has
his/her first birthdayhis/her first birthday
8. Requirements for
Feeding Infants
Iron-fortified infant formulaIron-fortified infant formula
must be offeredmust be offered by eachby each
centercenter
Parent must accept orParent must accept or
decline this formuladecline this formula
9. Infant Formula/Feeding
Selection Form
Formerly Sign-Off FormFormerly Sign-Off Form
A signed form must be on fileA signed form must be on file
for each child under 1 year oldfor each child under 1 year old
10. Infant Formula/Feeding
Selection Form
Top portion completed duringTop portion completed during
enrollment. Center must list aenrollment. Center must list a
specific formula.specific formula.
Bottom portion completed after theBottom portion completed after the
infant is 4 months oldinfant is 4 months old
11. Infant Formula Selection Form
INFANT FORMULA SELECTION FORMINFANT FORMULA SELECTION FORM
In order to comply with the requirements of the Child and Adult Care FoodIn order to comply with the requirements of the Child and Adult Care Food
Program (CACFP), the following must be completed when the infant isProgram (CACFP), the following must be completed when the infant is
enrolled in the centerenrolled in the center::
Infant Name: _____________________________Date of Birth: ________________Infant Name: _____________________________Date of Birth: ________________
Formula Offered by Center: ____________________________________Formula Offered by Center: ____________________________________
(must be filled out by the center)(must be filled out by the center)
__________ I accept the above named formula for my infant.I accept the above named formula for my infant.
__________ I decline the above named formula for my infant.I decline the above named formula for my infant.
Check one of the following boxes:Check one of the following boxes:
□□ I will furnishI will furnish breast milkbreast milk for my infant.for my infant.
□□ I will furnishI will furnish formulaformula for my infant. Name of formula:______________________for my infant. Name of formula:______________________
Parent Signature _________________________________Parent Signature _________________________________
DateDate
________________________________________________
12. Infant Formula/Selection Form
INFANT FEEDING SELECTION FORMINFANT FEEDING SELECTION FORM
To be completed when the infant is 4 - 7 months oldTo be completed when the infant is 4 - 7 months old
__________ My infant is developmentally ready to be served solidMy infant is developmentally ready to be served solid
foodsfoods..
Choose one of the following:Choose one of the following:
_____I accept the CACFP meal pattern provided by this center_____I accept the CACFP meal pattern provided by this center
for my infant.for my infant.
_____I decline the CACFP meal pattern provided by this_____I decline the CACFP meal pattern provided by this
center for my infant and I will provide food for my infant.center for my infant and I will provide food for my infant.
____________________________________________ ____________________________________
Parent SignatureParent Signature DateDate
13. Required:
Iron Fortified Infant Formula
Current list is found on the WebCurrent list is found on the Web
Site:Site:
Nutrition Services - Child And AdultNutrition Services - Child And Adult
Care Food Program - Infant FeedingCare Food Program - Infant Feeding
ChooseChoose FormulasFormulas that do not requirethat do not require
medical statementmedical statement
14. Breast Milk
Credited the same as formulaCredited the same as formula
Chapter 3 provides informationChapter 3 provides information
on handling breast milkon handling breast milk
15. Infant Feeding Selection Form
Parent completes when theParent completes when the
infant is ready for solid foodinfant is ready for solid food
Parent indicates acceptance ofParent indicates acceptance of
the CACFP meal patternthe CACFP meal pattern
16. Iron Fortified Infant Cereal
Mix with breast milk orMix with breast milk or
formulaformula
Feed with a spoon; not fromFeed with a spoon; not from
a bottlea bottle
17. Vegetables and Fruits
Introduce fruits andIntroduce fruits and
vegetables that the infant isvegetables that the infant is
receiving at homereceiving at home
19. Commercially Prepared
Vegetables and Fruits
Must list vegetable or fruit asMust list vegetable or fruit as
first ingredientfirst ingredient
Plain vegetables and fruitsPlain vegetables and fruits
are preferredare preferred
20. Commercially Prepared
Vegetables and Fruits
Must list Vegetable or Fruit as the firstMust list Vegetable or Fruit as the first
ingredientingredient
Not creditableNot creditable
Cereals, desserts, puddings listing fruitCereals, desserts, puddings listing fruit
as the first ingredientas the first ingredient
Fruit or vegetable listing water as theFruit or vegetable listing water as the
first ingredientfirst ingredient
Fruits containing tapiocaFruits containing tapioca
Fruits/vegetable containing DHAFruits/vegetable containing DHA
21. Center Prepared Fruits and
Vegetables
Make texture appropriateMake texture appropriate
Avoid canned vegetablesAvoid canned vegetables
that are high in sodium.that are high in sodium.
Frozen is bestFrozen is best
Avoid canned or frozen fruitsAvoid canned or frozen fruits
with added sugarwith added sugar
22. Meat and Meat Alternates
Lean meat and poultry withLean meat and poultry with
appropriate textureappropriate texture
23. Meat and Meat Alternates
Not creditable:Not creditable:
Fish SticksFish Sticks
Hot dogs/“Baby Food” meatHot dogs/“Baby Food” meat
stickssticks
Home canned meatsHome canned meats
Combination DinnersCombination Dinners
24. Meat and Meat Alternates
Eggs:Eggs:
Egg yolks at 8 monthsEgg yolks at 8 months
Yolk must be hard cookedYolk must be hard cooked
Avoid egg whites until after 1Avoid egg whites until after 1
yearyear
25. Meat and Meat Alternates
CheeseCheese
Introduced at 8 months orIntroduced at 8 months or
olderolder
Regular cheese rather thanRegular cheese rather than
processed cheeseprocessed cheese
26. Meat and Meat Alternates
Dried beans and peasDried beans and peas
Cooked and pureed orCooked and pureed or
mashedmashed
27. Bread/Crackers
Bread or crackersBread or crackers
Strips of dry bread, toast,Strips of dry bread, toast,
tortillastortillas
Plain crackersPlain crackers
Teething biscuitsTeething biscuits
28. Foods to Avoid
Honey: either plain or inHoney: either plain or in
foodsfoods
Honey isHoney is prohibitedprohibited forfor
infantsinfants
Artificial SweetenersArtificial Sweeteners
29. Infant Meal Pattern
Through 3 months the onlyThrough 3 months the only
meal component is breastmeal component is breast
milk or formulamilk or formula
30. Reimbursable meals for Birth
through 3 months
Parent provided breast milkParent provided breast milk
Parent provided formulaParent provided formula
Center provided formulaCenter provided formula
Staff mother breast-feeding duringStaff mother breast-feeding during
work hourswork hours
Only exceptionOnly exception is when visitingis when visiting
mother breastfeeds infantmother breastfeeds infant
31. CACFP Meal Pattern-Birth through 3 monthsCACFP Meal Pattern-Birth through 3 months
BreakfastBreakfast Lunch or SupperLunch or Supper SnackSnack
4-6 oz.4-6 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
4-6 oz.4-6 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
4-6 oz.4-6 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
32. Reimbursable meals for 4
though 7 month olds
Parent provided breast milkParent provided breast milk
Center provided formulaCenter provided formula
Parent provided formulaParent provided formula
Foods added as appropriateFoods added as appropriate
provided by Centerprovided by Center
33. CACFP Meal Pattern-4 though 7 monthsCACFP Meal Pattern-4 though 7 months
BreakfastBreakfast Lunch or SupperLunch or Supper SnackSnack
4-8 oz.4-8 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
4-8 oz.4-8 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
4-6 oz.4-6 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
0-3 Tbsp.0-3 Tbsp.
Infant CerealInfant Cereal
0-3 Tbsp.0-3 Tbsp.
Infant CerealInfant Cereal
0-3 Tbsp. Fruit0-3 Tbsp. Fruit
and/orand/or
VegetableVegetable
34. Reminders
Ages 4-7 months:Ages 4-7 months:
0-3 T cereal or veg/fruit means that0-3 T cereal or veg/fruit means that
the meal component is optionalthe meal component is optional
Portion size not listing zero as aPortion size not listing zero as a
measurement indicates themeasurement indicates the
componentcomponent mustmust be offered.be offered.
35. Reimbursable meals for 8
through 11 month olds
Center must provide mealCenter must provide meal
components with eithercomponents with either
breast milk or formulabreast milk or formula
36. CACFP Meal Pattern-8 though 11 monthsCACFP Meal Pattern-8 though 11 months
BreakfastBreakfast Lunch or SupperLunch or Supper SnackSnack
6-8 oz.6-8 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
6-8 oz. Formula6-8 oz. Formula
or Breast Milkor Breast Milk
2-4 oz.2-4 oz.
Formula orFormula or
Breast MilkBreast Milk
2-4 Tbsp.2-4 Tbsp.
Infant CerealInfant Cereal
2-4 Tbsp. Infant2-4 Tbsp. Infant
CerealCereal
OrOr
1-4 Tbsp. Meat1-4 Tbsp. Meat
OrOr
2-4 oz. Fruit2-4 oz. Fruit
JuiceJuice
1-4 Tbsp.Fruit1-4 Tbsp.Fruit
and/orand/or
VegetableVegetable
1-4 Tbsp. Fruit1-4 Tbsp. Fruit
and/orand/or
VegetableVegetable
0-1/2 bread0-1/2 bread
oror
0-2 Crackers0-2 Crackers
37. Reminders
Ages 8-11 months:Ages 8-11 months:
Breakfast--infant cereal isBreakfast--infant cereal is
requiredrequired
Lunch & Supper--Lunch & Supper--
infant cerealinfant cereal and/orand/or meat/meatmeat/meat
alternate must be servedalternate must be served
38. Reminders
Full strength (100%) juice isFull strength (100%) juice is
reimbursable only at snackreimbursable only at snack
for 8 through 11 month oldfor 8 through 11 month old
infantsinfants
Juice should beJuice should be pasteurizedpasteurized
39. Reimbursement Requirements
Infant must be enrolledInfant must be enrolled
Infant Formula/Feeding SelectionInfant Formula/Feeding Selection
Form must be completedForm must be completed
40. Reimbursement Requirements
Infant Meal Record must beInfant Meal Record must be
completedcompleted
Meals counted at point of serviceMeals counted at point of service
Claim as “Paid” unless IEF is onClaim as “Paid” unless IEF is on
filefile
41. Infant Meal Records
Weekly RecordWeekly Record
One per individual per weekOne per individual per week
OROR
Daily RecordDaily Record
One per day for multipleOne per day for multiple
infantsinfants
42. Daily Infant Meal Record
One record per day for all infants inOne record per day for all infants in
an age groupan age group
List each infant’s name and Date ofList each infant’s name and Date of
Birth (D.O.B.)Birth (D.O.B.)
List amount of food offered at eachList amount of food offered at each
meal to be claimedmeal to be claimed
Count the meals at the bottom ofCount the meals at the bottom of
the pagethe page
43. Weekly Meal Record:
Individual Infant
List the infant’s name and Date ofList the infant’s name and Date of
Birth (D.O.B.)Birth (D.O.B.)
List amount of food offered at eachList amount of food offered at each
meal to be claimedmeal to be claimed
Count the meals at the bottom ofCount the meals at the bottom of
the pagethe page
44. Reminders
The amount of formula or breastThe amount of formula or breast
milk and food offered must bemilk and food offered must be
recordedrecorded..
Please note if formula (F) orPlease note if formula (F) or
Breast Milk (B) if offered.Breast Milk (B) if offered.
47. Lunch (8-11month)Lunch (8-11month)
FormulaFormula
oror
BreastBreast
MilkMilk
6-8 oz.6-8 oz.
Veg./FruitVeg./Fruit
1 – 4 Tbsp.1 – 4 Tbsp.
Infant cerealInfant cereal
2-4 Tbsp.2-4 Tbsp.
and/orand/or
Meat, fish,Meat, fish,
poultry, eggpoultry, egg
yolk, cheeseyolk, cheese
1-4 Tbsp.1-4 Tbsp.
7 oz. F7 oz. F 3 Tbsp.3 Tbsp.
PeachesPeaches
MacaroniMacaroni
and Cheeseand Cheese
is notis not
creditablecreditable
48. A.M. Snack (8-11 Months)A.M. Snack (8-11 Months)
Formula
or
Breast Milk
or
Fruit Juice
2 - 4 oz.
0 – ½
slice bread
or
0 – 2
crackers
4 oz. F4 oz. F
49. A.M. Snack (8-11 Months)A.M. Snack (8-11 Months)
Formula
or
Breast Milk
or
Fruit Juice
2 - 4 oz.
0 – ½
slice bread
or
0 – 2
crackers
4 oz. B4 oz. B
(Can be blank(Can be blank
because thisbecause this
component iscomponent is
optional)optional)
52. Question
A parent mixes cereal and formula in aA parent mixes cereal and formula in a
bottle and brings it to the center. Canbottle and brings it to the center. Can
we claim this as a creditable formula forwe claim this as a creditable formula for
a meal?a meal?
53. Answer
A parent mixes cereal and formula in aA parent mixes cereal and formula in a
bottle and brings it to the center. Canbottle and brings it to the center. Can
we claim this as a creditable formula forwe claim this as a creditable formula for
a meal?a meal?
AA doctor’s statementdoctor’s statement is needed to claimis needed to claim
formula mixed with cereal.formula mixed with cereal.
54. Question
If a parent wants an infant to have moreIf a parent wants an infant to have more
than three meals during the day, whothan three meals during the day, who
should furnish the formula for the mealsshould furnish the formula for the meals
that cannot be claimed?that cannot be claimed?
55. Answer
If a parent wants an infant to have moreIf a parent wants an infant to have more
than three meals during the day, whothan three meals during the day, who
should furnish the formula for the mealsshould furnish the formula for the meals
that cannot be claimed?that cannot be claimed?
The parent because the center is notThe parent because the center is not
required to provide formula for morerequired to provide formula for more
than three meals per infant per day.than three meals per infant per day.
56. Question
Is yogurt a creditable food for infants?Is yogurt a creditable food for infants?
57. Answer
Is yogurt a creditable food for infants?Is yogurt a creditable food for infants?
No. Commercially prepared, plain yogurtNo. Commercially prepared, plain yogurt
can be served as an extra to infants 8can be served as an extra to infants 8
months and older, but it is not creditablemonths and older, but it is not creditable
as a meat/meat alternate.as a meat/meat alternate.
58. Question
Are meals served to a child who justAre meals served to a child who just
turned one year old reimbursable ifturned one year old reimbursable if
they contain infant formula?they contain infant formula?
59. Answer
Are meals served to a child who just turned oneAre meals served to a child who just turned one
year old reimbursable if they contain infantyear old reimbursable if they contain infant
formula?formula?
Yes, for a period of one month.Yes, for a period of one month.
After the 13After the 13thth
month, a doctor’smonth, a doctor’s
statement will be needed forstatement will be needed for
formula to continue in place offormula to continue in place of
fluid milk.fluid milk.
60. Question
If a physician prescribes whole cow’sIf a physician prescribes whole cow’s
milk as a substitute for breast milkmilk as a substitute for breast milk
or formula for an infant under 12or formula for an infant under 12
months of age, are mealsmonths of age, are meals
reimbursable?reimbursable?
61. Answer
If a physician prescribes whole cow’s milk as aIf a physician prescribes whole cow’s milk as a
substitute for breast milk or formula for ansubstitute for breast milk or formula for an
infant under 12 months of age, are mealsinfant under 12 months of age, are meals
reimbursable?reimbursable?
Yes,Yes, with a doctor’s statementwith a doctor’s statement, the, the
meal pattern can be amended.meal pattern can be amended.
62. Question
Must all infants be fed during theMust all infants be fed during the
period identified as meal time onperiod identified as meal time on
the center agreement with NDE?the center agreement with NDE?
63. Answer
Must all infants be fed during theMust all infants be fed during the
period identified as meal time in theperiod identified as meal time in the
center agreement with NDE?center agreement with NDE?
No, infants may be fed on demandNo, infants may be fed on demand..
Editor's Notes
Welcome to this workshop on Feeding Infants.
This is a very important resource when feeding infants. You can download it from Nutrition Services Web-site. If you were participating in CACFP in 2002 and claiming infants, you should find a copy at your center.
I will be referring chapters in this guide throughout this presentation.
Another important resource is the Nutrition Services Web Site. There is a special section on Infant Feeding.
This means you must offer at least one infant formula.
On April 28, 2003, USDA published a policy that allowed centers to claim infant meals whether the center or the parent provided the formula. *FNS provides a list as a guide of products that do not require medical statements when offered to infants in the child nutrition programs. It includes most of the brands of iron-fortified infant formula that are currently available to consumers.
The child nutrition programs reimburse child care centers, family day care homes, emergency shelters, schools, and residential child care institutions for the costs of serving nutritious meals--including the costs of preparation and clean up of meals--to infants. We are revising program policy to recognize the non-food related cost of serving infants by allowing reimbursement for meals containing only infant formula, whether supplied by the caregiver or by the parent.
Once the child is old enough to require food, in addition to formula, the center must provide that food in order to continue claiming reimbursement.
An infant is a child who has not had his or her first birthday.
All CACFP centers must offer an iron-fortified infant formula.
Parents may accept or decline the formula offered by the center.
Since breast milk is the best food for infants, USDA permits centers to claim meals in which the mother provides breast milk that is fed to the infant by center personnel.
The Infant Feeding Selection Form was formerly called the Sign-Off Form. If you have already had parents sign the old form for this year, you are not required to change to the new form until new infants are added to your enrollment.
The top portion is completed during enrollment. Each center must list a specific formula. If the parent refuses the formula provided by the center, the parent must list the formula they will provide.
The bottom portion is completed when the infant is ready for solid foods after he/she is 4 months old and begins on table food.
This form is available on the Nutrition Services web site:
CACFP Forms and Resources:Child Care Centers and Sponsors of Centers: Infant Feeding Forms
Infant Formula Selection Form
Child’s Name and Date of Birth
The brand of formula offered by center.
Parent must indicate choice:
Accept the center formula
Decline the center formula
Provide breast milk
Provide formula, write name of formula (must meet CACFP requirements)
Go to the Infant Feeding Section of the CACFP portion of the web site. By clicking on the underlined Formulas you will go directly to a complete, current list of approved formulas.
These are the formulas from which you can choose the one you want to provide and also check
, breast milk is the best food for babies.
Women are encouraged to continue breast feeding after they return to work. If mothers can visit their infant’s center, a comfortable place for breast feeding should be provided.
It is more and more common for women to express breast milk and provide it for their infants in centers. If your center is feeding an infant expressed breast milk, their meals can be claimed just the same as formula provided by the center.
It is important to handle breast milk correctly.
Labeling and dating bottles is very important.
Sometime after the infant is four months old, the parent must complete the bottom portion of the Infant Formula/Feeding Selection Form.
After measuring the cereal, mix it with breast milk or formula to the consistency that is appropriate for the infant.
Always feed cereal from a spoon, not from a bottle.
Follow the lead of the parents in introducing fruits and vegetables. Most infants begin fruits and vegetable around 6 months of age.
Commercially Prepared is often called Baby Food.
Beginning vegetables and fruits include:
Commercially prepared baby foods: Green beans, green peas, squash, sweet potatoes, carrots, beets, spinach, applesauce, apricots bananas, peaches, pears and plums.
Center prepared vegetables that have been cooked and processed to the proper texture: Asparagus, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, green beans, green peas, kohlrabi, plantain, potatoes, squash,and sweet potatoes.
Center prepared fruits that have been cooked and pureed or mashed: Apples, pears, and dried fruit.
Ripe fruits that can be mashed: Apricots, avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, mango, melon, nectarines, papaya, peaches and plums.
Avoid citrus fruits until after 6 months of age.
In order to be creditable a commercially prepared fruit/vegetable must list a fruit or vegetable as the first ingredient on the label.
Plain vegetables and fruits are best because they contain more nutrient and do not usually contain sweeteners and salt.
These items are not creditable as fruits or vegetables:
Cereals, desserts and puddings are not creditable, even though a fruit may be listed as the first ingredient.
Any commercial fruit or vegetable that lists water as the first ingredient.
Any fruits containing tapioca.
Fruits or vegetables containing DHA – docosahexaenoic acid
Babies between 6 and 12 months of age may be served soft-cooked vegetables and fruits. Ripe bananas do not need to be cooked.
It is best to begin with pureed fruits and vegetables and as the infant becomes more adept at handling solid foods, you can progress to ground and then fork mashed items.
Do not add salt, sugar, fat, or other seasonings to the fruits and vegetables being prepared for a baby.
These foods should not be fed to infants and are not reimbursable under CACFP.
Fish sticks may contain bones.
Hot dogs are higher in fat and sodium and can cause choking.
Baby food meat sticks are meant for children over 1 year old.
Home canned meats may contain harmful bacteria.
In commercially prepared combination dinners the amount of meat, fruits, vegetables etc. cannot be determined.
These foods should not be fed to infants and are not reimbursable under CACFP.
Fish sticks may contain bones.
Hot dogs are higher in fat and sodium and can cause choking.
Baby food meat sticks are meant for children over 1 year old.
Home canned meats may contain harmful bacteria.
In commercially prepared combination dinners the amount of meat, fruits, vegetables etc. cannot be determined.
Egg yolk can be introduced at or after 8 months of age.
The yolk must be hard cooked to avoid harmful bacteria. Salmonella can cause severe illness in infants.
Egg whites should not be fed to infants under 1 year of age because it may cause allergic reactions.
Cheese and yogurt can be in introduced at 8 months or older.
Cheese should be cut into thin strips not chunks to make choking less likely.
Use regular cheese such as natural cheddar, Colby or mozzarella, not cheese food, cheese spread or processed cheese. Cheese food, cheese spread or processed cheese are higher in salt than regular cheese.
Cheese in cooked foods, such as pizza, will not have a texture appropriate for infants.
Cooked dried beans and peas can be pureed or mashed. Again watch for the added fat and salt in canned products.
Bread or crackers may be served with snack or with meals. Again consult with the parents to determine which breads and crackers have been introduced at home.
At 8 or 9 months of age, children enjoy having finger foods. Also, at that age, the risk of a reaction to wheat decreases.
These are examples of the kinds of bread or crackers that are acceptable.
Remember that the breads and crackers must be made from whole grain or enriched flour.
Choose crackers that are lower in salt.
Do not use graham crackers made with honey.
Honey should never be fed to babies less than 1 year old. Honey may contain substances that cause “infant botulism,” a very serious food-related illness.
Prepared foods containing honey should also be avoided:
Yogurt with honey
Peanut butter with honey
Graham crackers made with honey.
Artificial sweeteners have not been proven safe for infants. Also, infants need calories for development.
Through 3 months the only meal component is breast milk or formula.
Meals that are reimbursable for infants from birth through 3 months are those that contain parent provided breast milk, parent provided formula or center provided formula.
The center is reimbursed for feeding infants aged birth through 3 months regardless of the source of the formula.
If the mother comes to breastfeed her child, the meal is not reimbursable when no other foods are required.
If an employee of the center breastfeeds her own child, that meal is reimbursable.
Meals for infants 4-7 months old are reimbursable if the parent provides breast milk, the center provides formula or parent provides the formula. As foods are added, these must be provided by the center.
On ages 4-7 months, if a component is listed as 0-3 Tablespoons, that component is optional.
For infants ages 8 through 11 months, the center must provide required meal components with either breast milk or formula.
See the Infant Meal Pattern in the Creditable Food Book page 53.
For ages 8-11 months,
At breakfast iron fortified infant cereal must be served.
At lunch and supper, iron fortified infant cereal and/or meat must be served.
Iron intake in very important for infants.
Full strength juice, which is 100% juice, can only be considered a fruit/vegetable component at snack. Juice cannot be diluted or watered down for infants.
While there is no current regulation requirement for pasteurized juice, it is strongly recommended. Pasteurized juice is generally identified as such on the product label.
Unpasteurized juice, such as apple juice and orange juice, can contain pathogenic microorganisms and infants are at particular risk for serious illness and even death from these pathogens.
Reimbursement Requirements:
Infant must be enrolled
The Infant Formula/Feeding Selection Form must be completed and on file
The Infant Meal Record must be completed and document meal pattern was met
Meals must be counted at the point of service.
Meals are claimed as paid unless an IEF is completed and on file.
Reimbursement Requirements:
Infant must be enrolled
The Infant Formula/Feeding Selection Form must be completed and on file
The Infant Meal Record must be completed and document meal pattern was met
Meals must be counted at the point of service.
Meals are claimed as paid unless an IEF is completed and on file.
Infant meal records are required for claiming infant meals in CACFP.
Your center can choose to complete weekly record for each infant for each week or you can do a daily record that lists multiple infants.
Choose one or the other.
The Infant Meal Records are best completed by the persons feeding the infants. However, if the foods are prepared in a central location, they can be completed there.
The Daily Infant Meal Record is designed to allow all infants in the same age group to have meals recorded on one page for each day.
The name and date of birth of each child is recorded, as well as their code for free (A), reduced (B) or paid (C).
The amount of food offered at each meal for each infant is recorded. The specific food and the amount must be recorded. For example, green beans—2 tablespoons.
The “Infant Meal Counts” at the bottom of the page is used to record the meals to be claimed for each child. This section contains a column for noting that the Infant Formula and Infant Feeding Selection Form has been completed.
The Weekly Meal Record is designed to allow one record per infant per week. There are three weekly meal records, one for each age group.
Record the infant’s name and Date of Birth.
Record the amount of food offered at each meal for each infant. Again, the specific food and the amount must be recorded.
Use the meal count section at the bottom of the page to count the meals served.
The amount of formula or breast milk offered must be recorded. If a required food is not recorded, the meal is not creditable and reimbursement will be taken away.
It should be noted if formula or breast milk is offered. Using the letters F or B is sufficient.
If there is no medical reason for the cereal to be added to the formula, the center could request that the parent bring the formula and the center could provide the cereal and then feed the infant the cereal from a spoon.
If there is no doctor’s statement and the parent will not provide the formula without the cereal, the meal is not reimbursable.
Infants, especially younger ones, do not always have a specific feeding schedule. If lunch for the older children is identified at 12:00 to 1:00, but the infant is hungry at 11:30, you may serve a reimbursable lunch and claim the meal.
For some infants, the meal may also be split. For example, the 8 month old my be fed the required food components at one time and then have the formula in the bottle a little later.