There is no definitive way to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain without further evaluation. Severe chest pain should always be taken seriously and evaluated in an emergency department. Cardiac chest pain is caused by reduced blood flow and oxygen to the heart, which can lead to a heart attack without treatment. Non-cardiac chest pain can be due to structures in the chest like the esophagus or lungs. A medical history and physical exam can provide clues but further testing is often needed to determine the underlying cause of chest pain.

1. CHEST PAIN Cardiac Versus Non-Cardiac(G.I.) Mohamad,Midzraina Lyne A. ADZU-SOM II

2. There is no conclusive way to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain in the home environment. Chest discomfort is one of the most common challenges for clinicians in the office or emergency department Severe chest pain should always be taken seriously and a trip to the emergency room is often warranted to exclude more serious underlying disorders.

4. CARDIAC CONDITIONS

6. Upon History taking 1. Patient's Chest Pain Characteristics 2.Hx of coronary diseases 3.Family History 4Gender/Age 5.Risk factors Upon Physical Examination If,you suspect cardiac in origin the ff findings are apparent or observable: 1.The patient may appear tired because of a chronic low cardiac output 2.the respiratory rate may be rapid in cases of pulmonary venous congestion 3.Central cyanosis, 4.Cyanosis in the distal extremities

7. 5.cool skin, 6. increased sweating 7.A pulsatile, expansible mass is indicative of an abdominal aortic aneurysm 8.Heart murmurs 9.Extremities: Atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries may produce intermittent claudication of the buttock, calf, thigh, or foot, with severe disease resulting in tissue damage of the toes 10. Thrills are palpable, low frequency vibrations associated with heart murmurs.

8. If you suspect G.I. In origin the ff findings are evident: Upon history taking,you can ask on specific GI symptoms: 1.abdominal pain 2.heartburn, 3.nausea and vomiting, 4.altered bowel habits 5.GI bleeding 6.jaundice 7.dysphagia 8.anorexia 9.weight loss 10.fatigue The physical examination complements information from the history

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