The document describes two experiments on the reaction of zinc with acids P and Q. Both reactions produced zinc salts and hydrogen gas while increasing in temperature. Experiment I used hydrochloric acid and produced zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. The energy profile diagram shows the heat of reaction (ΔH), activation energies without and with a catalyst (E and E'), and explains the energy changes in the reaction.

1. Year 2007 No 7c) REVISON ON SALT

2. (c) Table 7 shows the observations from some tests carried out on salt X. Test Observation I: Heating of salt X solid A metal oxide is formed and a brown gas is given off II. Salt X solution is mixed with excess aqueous ammonia A white precipitate which is insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia is formed

9. Diagram 9 shows how compound G is formed from alkene Alkene + H 2 O Compound F Compound G + H 2 O Phosphoric acid, 300 O C, 60 atm Porcelain chips

10. (i) Name one alkene that has less than four carbon atoms. Draw its structural formula. or ethene propene

11. ii) Based on your answer in 9 ai) what is the name of compound F and Compound G Name of alkene ethene propene Name of Compound F ethanol propanol Name of Compound G ethene propene Alkene + H 2 O Compound F Compound G + H 2 O Phosphoric acid, 300 O C, 60 atm Porcelain chips

15. Alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids are three different homologous series. Construct a table to show the general formula , the functional group and the name of a member in each of the series.

16. HMLGOS SERIES ALKENE ALCOHOLS CARBOXYLIC ACIDS GEN FORMLA C n H 2n n= 2,3, 4… C n H 2n+1 OH n= 1,2, 3…. C n H 2n+1 COOH n=0,1,2….

17. HOMOUS SERIES ALKENE ALCHOLS CARBXIC ACIDS FUNCTN GROUP Carbon- carbon double bond (-C=C-) Hydroxyl (-C-OH) Carboxyl ( -COOH )

18. HOMOUS SERIES ALKENE ALCOLS CARBYLIC ACIDS NAME OF MEMBER ethene ethanol Ethanoic acid OR propene propanol Propanoic acid OR butene butanol Butanoic acid

19. Year 2007 question no 10 REVISON ON thermochemistry

20. data from Exp I and Exp II that were carried out to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, P and Q. Exp Reactants Products Observation I 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm 3 of acid P 2.0 mol dm -3 Zinc chloride and hydrogen gas The temperature of the mixture increases II 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm 3 of acid Q 2.0 mol dm -3 Zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas The temperature of the mixture increases

24. ∆ H E- activattion energy without catalyst E’- activattion energy with catalyst energy Energy profile diagram of reaction zinc and hydrochloric acid

30. SPM 2008 QUESTION 8 REVISION ON Section B - electrochemistry

31. Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon as electrode

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