This document provides an overview of chemical warfare and agents. It discusses how chemical warfare was used extensively in World War I, with over 1.3 million casualties. It describes the main types of chemical agents - nerve, blood, choking, and blistering agents - and their effects, such as respiratory failure, lack of oxygen, lung damage, and blindness. It also provides tips on how to prepare for and survive a chemical attack, such as sealing air intakes and wearing a protective mask. In conclusion, while chemical weapons can effectively kill or incapacitate enemies, their use results in massive deaths, disabilities, and negative consequences.
Introduction to chemical weapons. This presentation explains the most important CW, the international treaties that have been signed, and in which situation are them nowadays.
This presentation was delivered in Federal Civil Defence Pakistan (Ministry of Interior) by HSE Consultant Saad Abdul Wahab during the course of Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare.
Introduction to chemical weapons. This presentation explains the most important CW, the international treaties that have been signed, and in which situation are them nowadays.
This presentation was delivered in Federal Civil Defence Pakistan (Ministry of Interior) by HSE Consultant Saad Abdul Wahab during the course of Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare.
Its All about the Hazardous goods and it Emergency action when in Hazardous situation. Its introduction only. Want more info please refer the 'Dangerous-Goods-2015' and Wikipedia please.
The aim of this module is to introduce delegates to the specific safety issues and regimes relevant to offshore installations.
Identify the generic hazards which are specific to offshore oil and gas installations, potential risks associated with those hazards, and how controls are put in place to eliminate or reduce risks.
Identify key offshore related safety regulations and explain the basic safety management concepts.
Dangerous Goods Awareness and Handling SafetyBinsar Roy
Dangerous Goods are substances that present an immediate risk to people, property and the environment. These substances can be explosive, flammable, oxidizing, toxic, radioactive or corrosive.
With the increased use of dangerous goods in the last century, chemical manufacturers now package their dangerous goods in much larger packages. In this day and age, it is not uncommon to see dangerous goods such as acids and flammable liquids in packages as large as 205L drums, 1000L Intermediate Bulk Containers and radioactives / explosives. Failure to handle these large packages with the right equipment can result in severe damage to people and property.
Weapons may rise or might fall the civilization.As weapons give power to destroy enemies and in the same way it dishonors the civilization and humanity.
Chemical Weapons, Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Chemical Weapons, Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Its All about the Hazardous goods and it Emergency action when in Hazardous situation. Its introduction only. Want more info please refer the 'Dangerous-Goods-2015' and Wikipedia please.
The aim of this module is to introduce delegates to the specific safety issues and regimes relevant to offshore installations.
Identify the generic hazards which are specific to offshore oil and gas installations, potential risks associated with those hazards, and how controls are put in place to eliminate or reduce risks.
Identify key offshore related safety regulations and explain the basic safety management concepts.
Dangerous Goods Awareness and Handling SafetyBinsar Roy
Dangerous Goods are substances that present an immediate risk to people, property and the environment. These substances can be explosive, flammable, oxidizing, toxic, radioactive or corrosive.
With the increased use of dangerous goods in the last century, chemical manufacturers now package their dangerous goods in much larger packages. In this day and age, it is not uncommon to see dangerous goods such as acids and flammable liquids in packages as large as 205L drums, 1000L Intermediate Bulk Containers and radioactives / explosives. Failure to handle these large packages with the right equipment can result in severe damage to people and property.
Weapons may rise or might fall the civilization.As weapons give power to destroy enemies and in the same way it dishonors the civilization and humanity.
Chemical Weapons, Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Chemical Weapons, Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Chemical Weapons and Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Chemical Weapons, Accidents, and How To Survive ThemBob Mayer
We all live under the threat of a chemical disaster; whether by intent or accident. A chemical weapon is the easiest of the weapons of mass destruction for a terrorist to make. Chemical accidents happen all the time, whether it be a storage area, a factory, a train derailment or a truck accident. What should you do if it happens near you?
Presentation by science writer Nalaka Gunawardene to a Media Workshop on Reporting on Chemical Safety issues, organised by Centre for Environmental Justice, Sri Lanka, in Colombo on 25 September 2012
Presentation on Chemical Hazards in Industry and protection of workers, diagnosis of adverse health effects. Creating their awareness and guidance to Doctors.
Cancer is the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of new cells in any part of the body, characterized by cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites.
Chemical based hazards in pharmaceuticalHari Haran
To convey the knowledge necessary to understand
issues related to different kinds of hazard and their management. Basic theoretical and practical discussions integrate the proficiency to handle the emergency situation in the pharmaceutical product development process.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
1. A PROJECT ON CHEMICAL
WARFARE
PRESENTED BY:
Sanskar Kumar Goyal
MD. KALIMULLA
2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
CHEMICAL WARFARE
CHEMICAL WARFARE AND AGENTS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
HOW TO SURVIVE CHEMICAL WARFARE AND
AGENTS
CONCLUSION
3. INTRODUCTION
A gas leak in Bhopal India is considered
the worst industrial accident with a
death toll that has never been fixed, but
is definitely over 5000.
Disasters at plants like the one in Bhopal,
train derailments, tanker trucker
accidents a possibility anywhere.
4. CHEMICAL WARFARE
Chemical warfare is the use of non living toxins to incapacitate or kill humans,
plants or animals.
Chemical terrorism is the same, except not state sponsored.
Chemical warfare was used extensively in World War 1.
The French were the first to employ it.
It is estimated there were 1.3 million chemical weapons casualties in the war,
including civilans.
6. CHEMICAL WARFARE AND
AGENTS
Persistency: how long they remain
active after being deployed.
There are some unique properties
to chemical weapons and agents.
There are 70 different types and
they can come in solid, liquid or gas
form.
Agents are divided into lethal and
incapacitating.
Chemical agents are also rated
according to their persistency.
7. CONTINUE…
Non-persistent chemical agents lose their effectiveness anywhere from second
to hours after their dispersal.
Persistent chemical agent remain for days and even weeks.
For most of us, the biggest problem with chemical agents is detection.
Besides industrial accidents, chemical agents can be delivered by a variety of
means:
Air
Via the water supply
Via the food supply.
8. TYPES OF CHEMICAL AGENTS
There are four main types of
chemical agents:
Nerve agents: require ingestion,
or contact.
Blood agents: Absorbed through
respiration.
Choking agents: Absorbed
through respiration.
Blistering agents: Burns skin and
internal tissues on contact
(mouth,throat,lungs).
9. CONTINUE…
These agents have various
effects:
Nerve agents: Loss of muscle
control, respiratory failure and
death.
Blood agents: Interferes with the
body’s oxygen supply leading to
death.
Choking agents: Death from lack
of oxygen.
Blistering agent: Lung damage,
long term blindness.
10. HOW TO PREPARE FOR AND SURVIVE
CHEMICAL WARFARE AND AGENTS…
Shut all air intakes into house
Turn off ac/heating.
If caught in car, stay in the
car.keep windows closed.
Turn off outside air circulation.
Cover yourself completely.
Grab-n-go bag should be a
surgical type mask.
11. CONCLUSION
its purpose serves to kill or incapacitate other people or animals during
warfare and these agents succeed in doing just that, making it an
effective tool to use during war. Yet, the number of deaths, immediate
and generational disabilities, damages, change in government policies
and negative media attention challenges its worth.
