This document provides an overview of chemistry and its central role in science and daily life. It discusses how chemistry has contributed to developments in areas such as electronics, medicine, food processing, forensics, and energy. Some key points made include that chemistry is fundamental to understanding the molecular world and has helped develop critical innovations like transistors, plastics, fertilizers, and medical diagnostics and treatments. The document emphasizes that nearly every aspect of modern life involves chemical developments and that chemistry is truly the central and connecting science.

1. Chemistry-The center of
Science
Dr. V. Sivamurugan
Assistant Professor
PG & Research Department of Chemistry
E mail: sivaatnus@gmail.com
Mobile: 9444316582

2. This portrayal shows an alchemist’s workshop circa 1580.

3. “Can we name one thing in our daily life, which
is not the result of chemical developments?
No, chemistry made its tremendous
contributions, making our life better, more
convenient and pleasurable”
-Attila Pavlath
ACS President 2001
Chemistry Other sciences

4. Why Chemistry is the Central Science?

8. We are looking at molecular level
Anti-bacterial
Anti-fungal
?
Molecules 2014, 19, 6929-6940;
doi:10.3390/molecules19066929

9. Electronic Age

10. Chemistry is Fundamental Science

11. Chemistry and othersciences
CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY
BIO-
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY PHYSICS
PHYSICO-
CHEMICAL
Chemical analysis of the components of living organisms
that may explain their biological functionality.
Study the structure and physical properties of matter,
laws of chemical interaction and the theories involved

12. CHEMISTRY
AGRICULT
URE
EDAFOLOGY
CHEMISTRY MEDICINE
PHARMACOL
OGY
CHEMISTRY PETROLIUM
PETROCHEMI
STRY
Science that studies the soils. It’s mineral composition
and production of chemical fertilizers
Science that studies the origin, actions and properties
of chemical substances in living organisms
Study of oil and its natural and synthetic derivatives

13. Why Study Chemistry?
 Everyone and everything around us
involves chemistry – explains our world
 What in the world is n’t Chemistry?
 Helps you make choices; helps make you a
better informed citizen
 A possible career for your future
 Used to attain a specific goal

16. How mobile phones made?

18. Medical Testing and Disease Diagnostics
Evolution of personal monitoring
• Simplified at-home test kits facilitate the personal monitoring of human health. For
example, diabetic patients once had to visit a laboratory to determine if sugar was
present in their urine.
• In 1941, Miles Laboratories introduced the first convenient sugar-in-urine assay for
home use. Although difficult to develop, dip-and-read urine tests were finally
introduced in 1956.
• In the 1960s, the first portable, battery-operated blood glucose meter was introduced
to work with chemical sticks to detect the glucose, considerably improving the quality
of life for diabetic patients.
• In the 1970s and 1980s, home-use diagnostic kits for fecal occult blood, ovulation,
pregnancy, and strep were introduced.

19. Cancer Chemotherapy
Evolution of cancer chemotherapy
• The use of chemicals to treat cancer (cancer chemotherapy) began in 1942 with the
clinical use of nitrogen mustards by Louis S. Goodman and Alfred Gilman.
• Subsequent discoveries included mechlorethamine (Mustargen), chlorambucil (1952),
and cyclophosphamide (1956). Drugs which block folic acid (also called
antimetabolites) were also developed.
• Aminopterin (1947) was effective against leukemia, but its adverse effects on white
blood cells quickly led to its replacement by methotrexate.
• In the 1950s, George Hitchings and Charles Heidelberger developed the
antimetabolitic mercaptopurine for leukemia and Fluorouracil for gastrointestinal and
breast tumors.

20. Artificial limbs and medical devices
• Modern artificial limbs and organs,
replacement joints, contact lenses
and hearing aids, and biomaterials
which are crafted from specialized
plastics and other high-tech
materials have all been produced
through chemistry.
• By manipulating the structures of
molecules and creating new ones,
chemists and engineers have
developed new medical materials
that are strong, flexible, and
durable.
• A few such medical devices include
the 1945 artificial kidney, the 1950s
prosthetic heart valves, and the 1982
surgical implantation of a permanent
artificial heart.
• Plastic contact lenses were
introduced in 1956, and soft bifocal
contacts were refined in 1985.
Artificial heart
Artificial
heart
valves
Novel Healthcare Materials

21. Chemistry Far and Wide
Norman Borlaug
 Nobel Peace Prize
 Presidential Medal of
freedom
 Congressional Gold
Medal
 Father of the Green
Revolution
 Credited with saving
over 1 billion people
from starvation
Agriculture

22. Crop Protection and Pest Managament
DDT and pesticides
 Pesticides shield agricultural
crops from harm by fungi,
insects, and competition
from other plants.
 In 1939, Paul Mueller
developed the inexpensive
insecticide DDT (dichlor-
diphenyl-trichlorethan) to
control potato beetles and
other insects.
 Today’s low-application
pesticides provide greater
economy for farmers, added
worker safety, and are more
environmentally friendly
than ever before.
Thinned egg-
shells caused by
DDT
DDT in combating
malaria

23. Crop Protection and Pest Managament
Livestock protection
• In 1881, Louis Pasteur
successfully perfected techniques
to vaccinate animals in order to
induce immunity against the
anthrax-causing organism.
• In 1981, the anti-parasitic
Ivermectin was introduced to fight
a wide range of mites, worms, and
other internal parasites that effect
animal health.
• Current research is attempting to
prevent bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE), the so
called `mad cow disease’ that is
believed to be caused by proteins
in animal feed that harbor the
infectious agent.
Louis
Pasteur
Pasteur vaccinates animals

24. Food analysis
 Organophosphorous most popular pesticide
 Most commonly used organophosphorous: QUINALPHOS (O,O diethyl-o-
quinoxalinly phosphorothioate)

25. Quinalphos +H2O2 peroxophosphonate
Peroxophosphonate+ luminol 3aminophthalate anion*
3-aminophthalate* 3-aminophthalate +
observed emission
Food analysis

26. Food Processing - Handling and Safety
The roots of food chemistry go back to the
German Justus Liebig, who first made meet
extract at the middle of nineteenth century.
Advances in preservation and
manufacturing techniques have allowed us
to create processed foods. As food
chemistry fueled industrial practices, many
processed foods were developed. New
technologies also extended the shelf life of
food, including freeze-drying (liophilisation)
(1906), deep-freezing foods (1920),
precooking frozen foods (1939), and making
concentrates from fluids (1946).
The one-time placard of
Liebig’s meat extract
Preservation and manufacturing advances

27. Food Processing - Handling and Safety
Food safety and testing
Any raw agricultural product or prepared
food can be contaminated and adversely
affect human health. Contaminations may
occur during preparation, cooking, serving
and storage. Chemical advances that
increase food safety include rapid test
methods which enable the detection
ofmicrobial food contaminants and control
of food-borne epidemics. Illnesses from the
most common food-borne pathogens have
been reduced by 20% from 1997 to 1999 in
the USA.

28. Food Storing
Food packaging
Packaging food with plastics, metal,
glass, and ceramic technologies help to
preserve food during sale, shipping, and
preparation. Ralph Wiley invented
industrial saran polymer in the 1930s,
and household Saran wrap was
introduced in 1953 to provide an
excellent barrier to oxygen, moisture,
aroma, and chemicals under extreme
humidity and temperature conditions.
Saran wrap is a copolymer of vinylidene
chloride and vinyl chloride. Other
innovations include utilization of
aluminum cans for foods and beverages
(1960s), and of PET (polyethylene
terephthalate) as recyclable container
packaging to replace glass or aluminum
(1970s).

29. Food Storing
Refrigerants and chlorofluorocarbons
Since it was introduced for home use in
1918, refrigeration has altered food
preservation by providing the ability to
transport and store fresh foods safely. Early
1920s refrigerators were unpopular after the
sulfur dioxide coolant proved toxic. The
solution was Freon 12, a chlorofluorocarbon
(also referred to as a CFC, CCl2F2)
compound made into a refrigerant gas by
Thomas Midgley and Charles Kettering in
1931. Refrigerators quickly became
standard in homes, restaurants, and
grocery stores. Freon’s role is now being
discontinued because of its role in the
destruction of the earth’s ozone layer.
Icebox (1890) and
household refrigerator by Kelvinator
(1926)

30. Forensic Science
A trail of blood made visible with the use of
the reagent luminol.

31. Forensic science
 Chemiluminescence is used by criminalists to
detect traces of blood at crime scene
 Solution: luminol powder (C8H7O3N3),
hydrogen peroxide, and a hydroxide (eg.
KOH) sprayed where blood might found
 Tiny amount of iron from Hb in blood serves
as catalyst for the chemiluminescence
reaction, luminol to glow

33. Innovations in Electronics
Evolution of consumer electronics
• Electronic materials and
microelectronic devices are the
heart of countless modern
products, such as CD players,
televisions, computers, digital
cameras and wireless devices.
• From vacuum tubes to transistors
to integrated circuits, chemical
engineers have made electronics
smaller, more powerful, energy-
efficient, and cheaper. New
materials, processes for
producing highly purified
materials.

34. Innovations in Electronics
Advanced synthetic materials
• Consumer electronics, cellular
phones, and personal computers
rely on though, durable, non-
conducting plastics to protect
sensitive electronic components.
• Plastics are essential in electronic
applications because of their
insulating properties;
• By manipulating the structures of
molecules and creating new ones,
chemists and engineers produce
new materials that are both strong
and flexible.
• These advances have improved
impact resistance, reduced the
total weight of equipment, and
reduced the cost of consumer
goods.

35. Innovations in Electronics
• It was the tiny, reliable
electronic component called a
transistor.
• The transistor and the
subsequent integrated circuits
(that contains millions of
transistors) served as the
foundation for the
development of modern
electronics.
Transistors
The inventors
of transistor
The first
transistor

36. green chemistry
It means producing the chemicals of our daily
needs using such reactions and chemical
processes which neither use toxic chemicals
nor emit such chemicals into the atmosphere.
Our focus

37. Nano chemistry

38. Clean and Green energy: Fuel Cell

40. “LIFE WITHOUT
CHEMISTRY, WE WOULD
BE BACK TO THE STONE
AGE”

45. Thank you all