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Fire service day
This document provides an overview of fire safety topics including the fire triangle, classes of fires, fire extinguisher usage, SCBA equipment, and decision making for firefighting. Key points covered include the components needed for a fire, definitions of flammable and combustible, the "PASS" method for using an extinguisher, factors that affect the safety and effectiveness of SCBA equipment, and emphasizing not fighting fires without proper training and equipment. Case studies are presented to reinforce the lessons.
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Fire service day
- 1. REFRESHER COURSE FIRE DEPT. •FUNDAMENTAL • EXTINGUISHER • SCBA • CASE STUDY
- 2. Definitions: Fire Triangle •To burn a fire needs fuel, an ignition source (like a spark) and oxygen. • Remove any of these and the fire will go out
- 3. Definition: Flashpoint • Flashpointis the temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to ignite if an ignition source is present. • Typically the lower the flash point, the greater the fire hazard. Any substance with a flashpoint near or below room temperature should be handled as posing a real fire hazard.
- 4. Definitions: Flammable and Combustible •Combustible liquids have flashpoints above 37.77º C. • Flammable liquids have flashpoints below 37.77º C
- 5. Classes of Fires OrdinaryCombustibles: paper, cloth,Ordinary Combustibles: paper, cloth, upholstery, trash, most plastic, wood...upholstery, trash, most plastic, wood... Flammable liquids and greases;Flammable liquids and greases; petrol, diesel, kerosene, oil, paint,petrol, diesel, kerosene, oil, paint, cleaning fluids, cooking oil...cleaning fluids, cooking oil... Energized electrical components:Energized electrical components: appliances, wiring...appliances, wiring... Combustible metals: potassium,Combustible metals: potassium, magnesium...magnesium...
- 6. “PASS” Method (Other typesrequire slightly(Other types require slightly different techniques.)different techniques.) P Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with nozzle pointing away from you and release the locking mechanism A Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire S Squeeze / Strike the lever S Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
- 7. Fire Extinguisher Training •Take fire extinguisher training • Never attempt to fight fire unless you have complete confidence you can put it out
- 8. Monthly Inspections • FireServices inspects fire extinguishers on a monthly basis • If you come across an extinguisher that has not been checked recently, please notify Fire Services
- 9. Firefighting Decision Criteria •KnowKnow locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them. • AlwaysAlways sound the alarm regardlessregardless of fire size. • AvoidAvoid smoky conditions.
- 10. Decision Tree • Don’tDon’tattempt to fight unless: – Alarm is sounded. – Area is being evacuated. – Someone has called for help. – Fire is small and contained. – You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to fire). • If in doubt, evacuate!evacuate!
- 11. REACT upon discovery offire or smokefire or smoke Remove persons in immediate danger! Ensure doors are closed! (confine fire/smoke) Activate the building alarm ! Call for help ! Treat ALL fires as DANGEROUS! – Continue a complete building evacuation – Do not attempt to fight a fire UNLESS you are trained and confident in use of a fire extinguisher #
- 12. Be Cautious !!!! for •FIRE IS NOT SPREADING (small and contained) • EXIT IS CLEAR (fight fire with your back to an exit ) • HAVE SOMEONE BACK YOU UP! • GET ASSISTANCE BEFORE TRYING TO FIGHT A FIRE! • SMOKE – dangerous gases #
- 13. OK, It’s out… NowWhat? • WATCH the fire area – If the fire flares up again repeat! – If you can’t control the fire, LEAVE immediately! – Evacuate building and go on closing the door. • Recharge or replace any used fire extinguisher!
- 14.
- 15. When do weuse SCBA? • Oxygen deficient atmospheres / confined spaces. • Gas incidents. • Chemical incidents. • Salvage and clean-up operations. • True unknowns. • Whenever in doubt.
- 16. S.C.B.A. can’t protectyou from: • Gases absorbed through skin • Intense heat • Empty air supply • Radiation
- 17. How much timedo you have with the SCBA? • It’s never enough, but you have about 30 minutes if: • You’re in good cardiovascular health. • Not stressed out. • Good fit on mask
- 18. Factors that affectfit of mask • Weight gain/loss • Facial hair • Shape of face • Good seal
- 19. Safety Check • Cylinderpressure • Low air alarm (Warning Whistle) • High pressure line • Regulator • Mainline valve
- 20. Safety Check cont. •Low pressure hose • Damaged Visor • Face piece straps • Face piece seal
- 21. CASE STUDY: LEARN BEFOREIT BURNS YOULEARN BEFORE IT BURNS YOU THANK YOU Learn before you need it •Powerful Explosion – Petrol Pump Back Draft B.P.Texas Buncefield Blast wave
Editor's Notes
- #6 Class A fires involve materials such as wood, paper cloth, cardboard and most ordinary combustibles which produce glowing embers or char. Class A extinguishers container water. Class B fires involve flammable gases, liquids and greases, including gasoline and most hydrocarbon liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur. Class B extinguishers contain dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halogenated agents to smother the fire with foam. Class C fires involve live electrical equipment or materials near electrically powered equipment like electrical boxes, panels, transformers, etc. Class C extinguishers also contain dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halogenated agents to smother the fire with foam. Never use water on this kind of fire because water conducts electricity and causes the fire to spread. Class D fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium, zirconium, potassium and sodium. Class D extinguishers contain a special liquid or dry power agent. Fight fire only if: 1. The fire department has been notified of the fire, AND 2. The fire is small and confined, AND 3. You have a way out and can fight the fire with your back to the exit, AND 4. Have the proper extinguisher and training on how to use it.
- #10 ASK “HOW DO I DECIDE TO FIGHT THE FIRE OR EVACUATE?” IF ONE OR MORE OF THE ABOVE CRITERIA AREN’T MET, BUG OUT! IF YOU DO USE AN EXTINGUISHER, PLACE IT OUT OF SERVICE AND NOTIFY THE APPROPRIATE PERSON(S) SO IT CAN BE RECHARGED OR REPLACED.