This document provides an overview of key processes in the chemical industry, including natural gas treatment, the Fischer-Tropsch process for producing synthetic fuels, naphtha cracking to produce ethylene and propylene, polymerization of ethylene, the urea production process, 1,3-propanediol production, caprolactam production, resin making, CO2 capture, flue gas desulfurization, and various wastewater treatment processes like aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment. It also includes diagrams of product trees for oil and gas, process flows, and references various industry sources for additional information on technologies like urea granulation, rotoforming, and wet air oxidation systems.

1. Introduction to the
chemical industry
John Krijgsman
biogonaal@gmail.com

2. Structure of chemical industry

3. Structure of (bio)chemical industry

4. Product tree for gas & oil (1)

5. Product tree for gas & oil (2)

6. Natural gas treatment

7. The Fischer-Tropsch process (1920-1936)

8. The Fischer-Tropsch process (2)

9. Typical product composition

10. Crude oil treatment

11. Naphtha cracking simplified

12. Ethene / propene via naphtha cracking

13. Polymerization of ethylene

14. Reaction sequence in urea process

15. Urea synthesis according to Uhde/Stamicarbon
Source: http://www.uhde.eu/competence/technologies/fertiliser/ammonia-urea.html

16. Stamicarbon urea plant according to Uhde
Source: http://www.stamicarbon.com/urea-technologies

17. Granulation and classification of urea

18. Toyo urea granulator
Source: http://www.toyo-eng.co.jp/en/advantage/technology/petrochemistry/urea_technology/urea_granulation/index.html

19. Sandvik Rotoform Process
Source: http://www.processsystems.sandvik.com/

20. Chemical process for 1,3 propanediol

21. Evolution 1,3 propanediol process of DuPont
http://www2.dupont.com/Bio-
based_Propanediol/en_CN/

22. 1,3 Propanediol

23. Caprolactam

24. Various routes for commercial caprolactam
production

25. Caprolactam reaction scheme DSM route

26. Final steps in caprolactam process
Source: www.dsm.com

27. Basic principle of resin making

28. Reactions involved in resin making

29. Coal Power Station

30. CO2 capture by amine absorption

31. Flue gas (bio) desulphurization

32. Waste treatment of chemical plants

33. COD as a measure for “pollution”

34. Reactions involved in biological ww treatment

35. Aerobic wastewater treatment

36. Anaerobic wastewater treatment

37. Biodegradability some organic components

38. Wet Air Oxidation: Zimpro process

39. Wet Air Oxidation: Kenox process

40. Concluding remarks

41. References