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Chemical Engineering and its Applications (2)
Chemical engineering involves applying scientific principles to solve problems through design and operation of processes that involve chemical reactions and energy changes. It combines chemistry, physics, math, and economics to design and operate manufacturing processes, as well as develop new materials. Chemical engineers work in many industries like petrochemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and more. Some key responsibilities include designing chemical plant equipment and processes, overseeing production, and ensuring safety and environmental standards are met.
Chemical Engineering and its Applications (2)
- 1. Chemical Engineering andits Applications by Cumali KALKAN
- 2. What is ChemicalEngineering?
- 3. Engineering: - application ofscientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge to design, build, maintain, and improve structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes - combines science and mathematics to solve real world problems that improve the world around us
- 4. • Engineers implementideas in a cost effective and practical approach • Engineers are problem solvers, organisers, communicators, calculators and designers
- 5. • The crucialand unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints to produce a successful result • It is usually not enough to produce a technically successful product; it must also meet further requirements
- 6. Constraints/limitations may include: -available resources - physical, imaginative or technical limitations - flexibility for future modifications - other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety, marketability, and serviceability
- 7. • engineers mustalso take into account safety, efficiency, economy, reliability and constructibility or ease of fabrication • as well as legal considerations such as patent infringement or liability in the case of failure of the solution
- 8. • By understandingthe constraints, engineers derive specifications for the limits within which a viable product or system may be produced and operated
- 9. A Sample Specification for achemical (sealant) complying to various standards
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- 11. A sample Certificateof Test showing standards and specifications
- 12. • Engineering isquite different from science. • Scientists try to understand nature. Engineers try to make things that do not exist in nature. • Engineers try to invent and design something that people can use • That something can be a device, a material, a method, a computing program, a new solution to a problem, or an improvement on something existing
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- 14. • Inorganic chemicals(H2O, CO, CO2, NaCl etc.) • Organic chemicals (large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon like methane-CH4) • Compounds based primarily on carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms are called organic compounds, and all others are called inorganic compounds.
- 15. • Organic compoundsare produced by living things. • Inorganic compounds are produced by non- living natural processes or by human intervention in the laboratory.
- 16. Inorganic compounds Organic compounds can form salts+ - contain carbon - + contain (C-H) bonds - + contain metal atoms + -
- 17. Chemical Engineering: • Basically,Chemical Engineering is applied chemistry • It is the practical application of chemistry
- 18. • applies sciences(e.g. chemistry and physics) together with mathematics and economics
- 19. • essentially dealswith chemicals, materials, energy and the processes to create &/or convert them
- 20. • concerned withdesign, construction, and operation of machines, processes &/or factories • to produce useful products or solve practical problems • by performing chemical reactions and converting raw-materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
- 21. • also involvedwith pioneering valuable materials, techniques & fields like nanotechnology, fuel cells and bioengineering.
- 22. • Chemical engineersare not chemistry experts. Their purpose is to apply chemistry to PRACTICAL problems. • Apart from chemistry, chemical engineers are trained in economics, business practice, environmental factors and ethics. • Chemists are trained only in the theory of chemistry whereas engineers implement chemical theory in everyday life to solve problems.
- 24. Applications / Industries: -Petrochemical - Plastics - Rubber - Paint & coating - Cement - Fertilizer - Soaps, detergents, etc. - Sugar - Glass - Ceramic - Paper
- 25. Applications / Industries: -Water treatment and purification - Cosmetics - Pharmaceuticals - Foods & Beverages - Industrial Chemicals - Mining / Mineral Extraction and Processing - Leather - Textile - Agrochemicals - Explosives - Gases
- 26. Some Examples for ChemicalProcesses / Operations • Separation • Filtration • Distillation • Extraction • Crystallization • Evaporation, Condensation • Polymerization • Adsorption, Absorption • Drying • Refrigeration • Screening, crushing, pulverization, • Mixing • Chemical Reactions Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation
- 27. Process Flow Diagram (FlowSheet) • Flow sheet is a diagram showing the progress of material through a chemical factory. It shows the material and energy flow in each process and operation.
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- 29. HCl Acid Recovery FlowDiagram
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- 33. Typical Content ofa Process Flow Diagram • Process piping • Major equipment items • Control valves and other major valves • Connections with other systems • Major bypass and recirculation streams • Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, density, etc.), mass balance • Process stream names
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- 35. Basic Pump &Tank Symbols
- 36. Basic Compressor, Turbine& Motor Symbols
- 37. Basic Heat Exchanger& Cooling Tower Symbols
- 38. Basic Reactor Symbols BasicFurnace & Boiler Symbols
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- 43. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING •I HOPE IT WAS INFORMATIVE