ICLR Friday Forum: More flood than meets the eye (Dec 7, 2018)glennmcgillivray
On December 7, 2018, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum webinar titled "More flood than meets the eye: The role of groundwater in the June 2013 Alberta floods', with Jason Abboud , University of Calgary. At over $5 billion in damages, the southern Alberta floods of 2013 are the second costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. While current flood policy in Alberta is mainly based on overland flooding, understanding groundwater inundation can better prepare for future events. Groundwater flooding can occur when the water table rises due to propagation of the rising river stages into permeable, river-connected alluvial aquifers. This study used an interdisciplinary approach to identify the route and nature of flooding in homes located adjacent to the Elbow River in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 189 surveys were collected. In homes where the initial route of entry was known, 88% were initially flooded by groundwater, and 12% reported exclusively groundwater flooding. Basement floor elevation was correlated with the severity of flooding. Of the 19 surveyed homes located outside of the 100-year overland flood zone, 47% were flooded by groundwater, indicating that groundwater flooding reaches beyond overland water-flooded areas. Hydrogeological modelling demonstrated that propagation of increased river stage into the aquifer could reasonably have caused the observed groundwater flooding. Groundwater flood resilience strategies could help mitigate future damage in groundwater flooding-prone areas.
Jason Abboud has an academic background in microbiology and geology, and is a currently finishing his Master’s in Geoscience at the University of Calgary. His recent research experience includes published work on groundwater flooding and a policy and database analysis on petroleum well liability in Alberta. His Master’s research examines pore scale processes of gas exsolution in the subsurface, relating to diverse areas such as aquifer pumping, gas hydrates, and carbon capture and storage. During his Master’s, Jason completed hydrogeology internships at Shell Canada and at Deltares in the Netherlands.
Lost Rivers & Urban Flooding, Media, Myths & Smart Mitigation - Toronto Wards...Robert Muir
Presentation to Toronto Ward 13's Green 13 on urban flooding and risk factors including lost rivers, urbanization and intensification, and critical review of extreme rainfall intensity trends that are decreasing in Toronto and southern Ontario based on Environment and Climate Change Canada's Engineering Climate Datasets (version 2.3). Media myths regarding flooding are exposed including the GO Train flood of July 8, 2013 that was not unprecedented but was rather a low risk flood event that has occurred frequently in the past and the insurance industry discredited claims in "Telling the Weather Story" that weather that used to happen every 40 years is happening every 6 years. The economics of green infrastructure, low impact development measures, are evaluated including representative project costs and are shown to be unaffordable for widespread implementation in Wards 13 / 14. 3D Arc Scene images of Toronto lost rivers are illustrated across the city and within the historical Wendigo Creek and Spring Creeks in Ward 12 (aka lost rivers). Variations in reported basement flood density show lower flood risk in the Ward 13 combined sewer catchment (consistent with Toronto wide trends), and show higher reported flood density in partially separated sewer catchments.
Toronto Overland Flow and Basement FloodingRobert Muir
Correlating Reported Basement Flooding
During 2000, 2005 and 2013
Extreme Rainfall Events with
100-Year Major Overland Flow Spread
Holistic Urban Flood Risk Assessment
From Flood Plain to Floor Drain
Robert J. Muir, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
ICLR Friday Forum: More flood than meets the eye (Dec 7, 2018)glennmcgillivray
On December 7, 2018, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum webinar titled "More flood than meets the eye: The role of groundwater in the June 2013 Alberta floods', with Jason Abboud , University of Calgary. At over $5 billion in damages, the southern Alberta floods of 2013 are the second costliest natural disaster in Canadian history. While current flood policy in Alberta is mainly based on overland flooding, understanding groundwater inundation can better prepare for future events. Groundwater flooding can occur when the water table rises due to propagation of the rising river stages into permeable, river-connected alluvial aquifers. This study used an interdisciplinary approach to identify the route and nature of flooding in homes located adjacent to the Elbow River in Calgary, Alberta. In total, 189 surveys were collected. In homes where the initial route of entry was known, 88% were initially flooded by groundwater, and 12% reported exclusively groundwater flooding. Basement floor elevation was correlated with the severity of flooding. Of the 19 surveyed homes located outside of the 100-year overland flood zone, 47% were flooded by groundwater, indicating that groundwater flooding reaches beyond overland water-flooded areas. Hydrogeological modelling demonstrated that propagation of increased river stage into the aquifer could reasonably have caused the observed groundwater flooding. Groundwater flood resilience strategies could help mitigate future damage in groundwater flooding-prone areas.
Jason Abboud has an academic background in microbiology and geology, and is a currently finishing his Master’s in Geoscience at the University of Calgary. His recent research experience includes published work on groundwater flooding and a policy and database analysis on petroleum well liability in Alberta. His Master’s research examines pore scale processes of gas exsolution in the subsurface, relating to diverse areas such as aquifer pumping, gas hydrates, and carbon capture and storage. During his Master’s, Jason completed hydrogeology internships at Shell Canada and at Deltares in the Netherlands.
Lost Rivers & Urban Flooding, Media, Myths & Smart Mitigation - Toronto Wards...Robert Muir
Presentation to Toronto Ward 13's Green 13 on urban flooding and risk factors including lost rivers, urbanization and intensification, and critical review of extreme rainfall intensity trends that are decreasing in Toronto and southern Ontario based on Environment and Climate Change Canada's Engineering Climate Datasets (version 2.3). Media myths regarding flooding are exposed including the GO Train flood of July 8, 2013 that was not unprecedented but was rather a low risk flood event that has occurred frequently in the past and the insurance industry discredited claims in "Telling the Weather Story" that weather that used to happen every 40 years is happening every 6 years. The economics of green infrastructure, low impact development measures, are evaluated including representative project costs and are shown to be unaffordable for widespread implementation in Wards 13 / 14. 3D Arc Scene images of Toronto lost rivers are illustrated across the city and within the historical Wendigo Creek and Spring Creeks in Ward 12 (aka lost rivers). Variations in reported basement flood density show lower flood risk in the Ward 13 combined sewer catchment (consistent with Toronto wide trends), and show higher reported flood density in partially separated sewer catchments.
Toronto Overland Flow and Basement FloodingRobert Muir
Correlating Reported Basement Flooding
During 2000, 2005 and 2013
Extreme Rainfall Events with
100-Year Major Overland Flow Spread
Holistic Urban Flood Risk Assessment
From Flood Plain to Floor Drain
Robert J. Muir, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
By Zahir-ul Haque Khan, Sarafat Hossain Khan, Dr. M. Shah Alam Khan, Farhana Akter Kamal, Nasim Al Azad Khan
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Flood plains to floor drains design standard adaptation for urban flood risk ...Robert Muir
Presented to Flood Master Class by Insurance Business Magazine this presentation examines quantitative risk assessment of riparian, overland and wastewater (sanitary) sewer system flooding. Analysis of City of Toronto and City of Markham historical flooding is shown to be highly correlated to design standard limitations related to the era of construction. Risks are shown to extend over a range of scales from floodplain (river) to flood drain (homes) based on detailed GIS spatial analysis. Flood risk mitigation measures are presented to achieve design standard adaptation in local areas with specific limitations.
Flood plains to floor drains design standard adaptation for urban flood risk ...Robert Muir
Presented to Flood Master Class by Insurance Business Magazine this presentation examines quantitative risk assessment of riparian, overland and wastewater (sanitary) sewer system flooding. Analysis of City of Toronto and City of Markham historical flooding is shown to be highly correlated to design standard limitations related to the era of construction. Risks are shown to extend over a range of scales from floodplain (river) to flood drain (homes) based on detailed GIS spatial analysis. Flood risk mitigation measures are presented to achieve design standard adaptation in local areas with specific limitations.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
ICLR Friday Forum: Reducing the risk of fire following earthquake in B.C. (No...glennmcgillivray
On November 13, 2020, ICLR conducted a Friday Forum webinar titled 'Reducing the risk of fire following earthquake in the Lower Mainland, B.C.' led by Dr. Charles Scawthorn.
The Lower Mainland of British Columbia has significant risk due to earthquakes and the fires that follow them. Modeling was performed that accounted for fire department response, water system damage, weather and other conditions and the growth and ultimate final burnt area of fires. The resulting losses are estimated to be from nil to about C$10 billion. These are median estimates – there are significant probabilities of greater or less damage and the range is a function of the specific earthquake scenario (i.e., location and magnitude), time of day, weather and other factors. This loss would be almost entirely insured and would have a very significant impact on the Canadian insurance industry. Fire losses would come on top of shaking and other losses which would be insured to a lesser extent. A leading global reinsurer has stated that losses of this magnitude would likely result in failure of some insurers, would entail secondary and contingent losses, and could conceivably lead to financial contagion.
This risk need not be tolerated and indeed the Province of British Columbia, City of Vancouver, and regional agencies such as Metro Vancouver and BC Hydro have implemented excellent programs to reduce this risk. Further actions however can still be taken to reduce the risk of fire damage and include creation of a regional portable water supply system, providing secondary water supplies for high-rise buildings, and improvements in the region’s energy infrastructure. In this respect two actions have been de rigueur in other regions, and should be considered in the Lower Mainland: (a) a review of the overall seismic vulnerability and reliability of major energy facilities; (b) review of the gas distribution operator’s ability to control and isolate its transmission and distribution networks in the event of a major earthquake, and consideration by the operator of incorporating an automatic gas shutoff device in gas meters.
This webinar presented the modeling and results, and discussed opportunities for mitigation.
Charles Scawthorn (cscawthorn@sparisk.com ) is Principal of SPA Risk LLC and is internationally recognized as an authority for the analysis and mitigation of natural and technological hazards. He retired in 2008 as Professor and head of the Earthquake Disaster Prevention Systems Laboratory, Kyoto University (Japan), has been Visiting Professor at Stanford, Beijing Normal and Waseda (Tokyo) Universities and is now Visiting Researcher, Univ. California at Berkeley. He consults with the global insurance industry, the World Bank, local/state/federal agencies and Global 1000 corporations.
Robert Muir Level of Service Upgrades and Climate Change Adaptation NRC Works...Robert Muir
Workshop on adaptation to climate change impact on
Urban / rural storm flooding
February 27, 2018
Changes in catchment characteristics
and remediation priorities due to climate change and
level of service upgrades
Robert J. Muir, M.A.Sc., P.Eng.
Manager, Stormwater, City of Markham
On April 20, ICLR held a Friday Forum workshop titled 'Flood Mitigation Planning in BC's Lower Mainland', led by Steve Litke of the Fraser Basin Council. Communities across British Columbia’s Lower Mainland – both urban and rural – face different types of flood hazards and risks. The Lower Mainland Flood Management Strategy is a collaborative, regional-scale planning process that aims to proactively reduce vulnerability and increase resilience to Fraser River and coastal flood hazards. This process has been designed, and is being implemented, by a broad-based network of partners that are sharing information, funding, and expertise to strengthen flood mitigation approaches across the region. The Flood Strategy is being developed through two parallel and connected tracks. One track involves a process of dialogue, knowledge-sharing, engagement, consultation, and consensus-building. The second track involves a series of scientific investigations and technical analyses to improve knowledge and understanding and to provide evidence to support sensible decisions. This session explores many different aspects of the Flood Strategy, including the flood mitigation planning process and some of the supporting technical tools and analyses, with an emphasis on completed research findings from Phase 1. The session highlights lessons learned through this collaborative, regional-scale initiative.
Steve Litke has worked with the Fraser Basin Council since 1998 and is the Senior Manager responsible for the Council’s Watersheds and Water Resources Program. Steve and the Council are currently facilitating a collaborative initiative to develop a Lower Mainland Flood Management Strategy to reduce flood vulnerability and improve resilience in relation to river and coastal flood hazards.
Steve has coordinated and facilitated inter-jurisdictional committees, delivered communication and public education materials, and managed policy reviews and technical projects including flood mapping and modelling. Steve Litke graduated from Simon Fraser University in 1995 with a Master's Degree in Resource and Environmental Management.
This presentation was given at the Catchment Management Network meeting on February 24th 2017. The Catchment Management Network consists of the EPA, all of Ireland's Local Authorities, and other public bodies involved in looking after Ireland's catchments, sub-catchments and water bodies. For more information about this work see www.catchments.ie
On Thursday, December 4, 2014, attendees of the Orange County Environmental and Water Resources Institute (OC EWRI) Technical Luncheon were treated to an in depth and personal exploration of the proposed 30-acre Gobernadora Detention Basin. The presentation was jointly given by Don Bunts, Chief Engineer with the Santa Margarita Water District (SMWD), and Bruce Phillips, Senior Vice President in the Stormwater Management Department at Pacific Advanced Civil Engineering, Inc. (PACE).
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Characterizing Change of High Frequency Return Periods in Urbanizing Southern Ontario Watersheds
1. Characterizing change of high frequency
return periods in urbanizing southern
Ontario watersheds
Peter John Thompson
Earthfx Inc.
Dr. William K. Annable
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Waterloo
CWRA 2014 Canada Water Resources Congress
June 2, 2014
2. Effects of
Urbanization
• Increase in impervious area
• Shorter events
• Larger peak discharge
• Infiltration
• Changes to frequency
• Channelization
• Change in vegetative cover
• Habitat degradation
• Erosion
• Poor water quality
• Failure of engineered structures
2
5. 5
Middle Don River, North York c. 1954-55
Aerial Photographic Analysis
Highway 401
under
construction
RCAF Station
Downsview
6. Aerial Photographic Analysis
6
Don River at York Mills c. 1955
• Scanned and
georeferenced aerial
photographs in 8-year
intervals from 1954 to
2010
• Identified urbanized
areas by hand
7. Aerial Photographic Analysis
7
Don River at York Mills c. 2005
• Two temporal datasets
produced:
• “Effective Impervious
Area” (EIA)
• Road Density
• Can we relate this
observed change to
hydrologic variables?
8. Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
1954
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
0 2 4 6 8 101
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1954
Forested Cover - 1955
Urbanized Area - 1954
9. 1960
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
0 2 4 6 8 101
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1960
Urbanized Area - 1960
10. 1970
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
0 2 4 6 8 101
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1970
Urbanized Area - 1970
11. 1978
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
0 2 4 6 8 101
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1978
Urbanized Area - 1978
12. 1995
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
13. 2005
Don River at York
Mills
(02HC005)
Little Don River
at Don Mills
(02HC029)
14. Land Use Change
Transition from Agricultural to Urban Land Use
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
RoadDensity(km/km2)
PercentArea
Year
Urbanized Area
Agricultural Area
Catchment Road Density
02HC005 – Don River at York Mills
Effective Catchment Area – 95.5 km2
15. Etobicoke Creek below QEW (02HC030)
1970
• Effective Catchment Area - 204 km2
• Urbanized Area - 45.4 km2 (21%)
• Total Road Length - 718 km
0 4 8 122
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1970
Urbanized Area - 1970
16. Etobicoke Creek below QEW (02HC030)
1978
• Effective Catchment Area - 204 km2
• Urbanized Area - 64.2 km2 (30%)
• Total Road Length - 908 km
0 4 8 122
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1978
Urbanized Area - 1978
17. Etobicoke Creek below QEW (02HC030)
1995
• Effective Catchment Area - 204 km2
• Urbanized Area - 100 km2 (47%)
• Total Road Length - 1380 km
0 4 8 122
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1995
Urbanized Area - 1995
18. Etobicoke Creek below QEW (02HC030)
2005
• Effective Catchment Area - 204 km2
• Urbanized Area - 54.9 km2 (55%)
• Total Road Length - 1540 km
0 4 8 122
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 2005
Urbanized Area - 2005
20. Redhill Creek at Hamilton (02HA014)
20
• Effective Catchment Area
57.0 km2
• Urbanized Area
~60%
21. AAfafdas
Hydrograph Change with Urbanization
Time (T) Time (T)
Rainfall(L)
Discharge(L3/T)
After
Urbanization
Original
Lag time after
urbanization
Hydrograph
of streamflow
Lag time
Center of mass
of runoff
and of rainfall
Discharge(L3/T)
Rainfall
•Changes to event hydrograph with urbanization...?
after Leopold (1968)
22. Daily vs. Instantaneous Data
22
02HA014 – Redhill Creek at Hamilton
• The daily stream
flow represents an
average, the
instantaneous data
is made up of 15
minute interval
measurements
• Individual events
and event peaks
can be clearly
identified on the 15
minute hydrograph
23. Instantaneous Stream Flow Data
Manual Chart Digitizing (c. ~1975)
• Need high resolution, high frequency data
• Only data available post-1996
• Joint project with Water Survey of Canada
• Archived electronic records dating from 1969 were
processed to create a
15 minute resolution
hydrograph
• Much of this data was
originally digitized by
hand
24. Daily vs. Instantaneous Data
• Periods of high flow are not captured on the
mean daily hydrograph 24
02HC029 – Little Don River at Don Mills
25. Event Separation Algorithm
25
• Allows individual
events to be parsed
and analyzed from
the instantaneous
hydrometric record
• Events are
considered over
after the Q passes
below some ratio of
the peak
• Thresholds range
from 15% - 50% of
peak discharge02HA014 - Redhill Creek at Hamilton
26. 26
Event Separation Algorithm
• Most events during
the year can be
identified
• There is no
instantaneous record
for backwater periods
due to ice or
vegetation
• Data lends itself to
urban catchments or
analysis of warm
weather events
(May – November)
02HA014 - Redhill Creek at Hamilton
BackwaterDuetoIce
29. Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Laurel Creek at Waterloo ↑
Redhill Creek at Hamilton
Black Creek near Weston ↑
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills ↑
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↑
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↑
Peak Event Discharge
UrbanizedRural
30. Frequency Analysis
• Can we relate changes in the urban footprint
to changes in return frequency?
• Need to assess hydrologic change in step with
catchment land use change
30
37. 37
Don River at Todmorden
(02HC024)
Return Frequency
(7-Year Moving Weibull Plot)
38. 38
Rouge River near Markham
(02HC022)
Return Frequency
(7-Year Moving Weibull Plot)
39. Conclusions
• Event based separation allows high resolution datasets to be
parsed down to hydrological descriptive variables
• The magnitude of change in storm peaks varies with return
frequency, but these changes may not be consistent
• Spatial distribution of build-out critical to understanding
hydrologic change
• These data can be used for Partial Peak, and Partial Duration,
and Annual Duration methods to fine tune the analysis of
higher frequency events in urban catchments
A Nonstationary Analysis of Southern Ontario Storm Events
Identified from High Resolution Streamflow Data;
Nicole L. O’Brien, Peter J. Thompson, Donald H. Burn,
William K. Annable
Session M2C
40. Acknowledgements
Dr. Herman Goertz Jeanette Fooks
Paula Hunter Carrie-Lynn Green
Water Survey Division, Environment Canada
Tom Arsenault
Aerial Photography Analysis Eco-Hydraulics Co-op
Robert Leonard Tyler Gale
Nikita Tirskikh Victoria Lounder
Chris McKie Ben Plumb
Christina Bright
CompuMOD Dataset Extraction
Ian McLaurin
42. WSC
Station ID
Station Name
Area
(km2)
Percent
Urban
(1969)
Percent
Urban
(≈2010)
Percent
Change
02HC019 Duffins Creek above Pickering 93.5 > 5% --
02HC009 East Humber River near Pine Grove 197 > 10% --
02HB004 East Oakville Creek near Omagh 199 > 10% --
02GA024 Laurel Creek at Waterloo 57.5 15 38 23
02HA014 Red Hill Creek at Hamilton 57.0 27 60 33
02HC027 Black Creek near Weston 66.0 55 78 22
02HC017 Etobicoke Creek at Brampton 65.1 1 18 17
02HC030 Etobicoke Creek below QEW 211 20 55 34
02HC033 Mimico Creek at Islington 75.2 43 82 39
02HC005 Don River at York Mills 96.7 30 69 39
02HC029 Little Don River at Don Mills 138 30 68 38
02HC024 Don River at Todmorden 321 43 73 30
02HC022 Rouge River near Markham 181 7 40 33
02HC013 Highland Creek near West Hill 89.0 47 86 39
02HD013 Harmony Creek at Oshawa 42.1 20 45 25
42
Study Catchments
43. Mann-Kendall Test
• Non-parametric test for monotonic trends
• Independent events assumed to be
uncorrelated
• Trends tested to a 95% significance level
( p ≤ 0.025 )
0if1
0if0
0if1
sgn
1
1 1
sgn
n
k
n
kj
kj xxS
43
44. Typical Event Hydrograph
44
Qpeak
Qthreshold
Qstart
Qend
Time
Discharge
tstart tpeak tthreshold
Trise Tthreshold Ttotal
Vrise
Q75
Q50
T75
T50
Rising
Limb
Falling
Limb
Recession
Limb
Vrecession
Vtotal
tend
• Once an event has be
identified on the
hydrograph, specific
event properties can
be analyzed
• Event volume,
duration, time to
peak, etc. can be
calculated directly
from the observed
hydrograph
• Trends in event
parameters can be
explored
45. Peak Event Discharge
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Laurel Creek at Waterloo ↑
Redhill Creek at Hamilton
Black Creek near Weston ↑
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills ↑
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↑
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↑
46. Number of Events per Year
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Laurel Creek at Waterloo
Redhill Creek at Hamilton
Black Creek near Weston
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW
Mimico Creek at Islington
Don River at York Mills ↑
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↑
47. Event Volume
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Laurel Creek at Waterloo ↑
Redhill Creek at Hamilton ↑
Black Creek near Weston
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills ↓
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↑
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill
Harmony Creek at Oshawa
48. Total Event Duration
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh ↓
Laurel Creek at Waterloo
Redhill Creek at Hamilton
Black Creek near Weston ↓
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↓
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills ↓
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↓
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↓
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↓
49. Event Quick Flow
(Direct Runoff) Volume
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Oakville Creek at Milton ↓
Credit River near Orangeville
Black Creek near Weston
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa
MK Trend: Increasing
50. Event Interflow Volume
Station Name Trend
Duffins Creek above Pickering ↑
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh
Oakville Creek at Milton
Credit River near Orangeville
Black Creek near Weston ↑
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑
Don River at York Mills
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↑
Rouge River near Markham ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↑
MK Trend: Increasing
51. Station Name
Peak
Discharg
e
Time
to
Peak
Event
Duration
Total
Hydrograp
h Duration
Event
Volume
Total
Hydrograp
h Volume
Flashines
s
Duffins Creek above Pickering
East Humber River near Pine Grove
East Oakville Creek near Omagh ↓
Oakville Creek at Milton ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑
Credit River near Orangeville ↑
Laurel Creek at Waterloo ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Redhill Creek at Hamilton ↑
Black Creek near Weston ↑ ↓ ↑
Etobicoke Creek at Brampton ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
Etobicoke Creek below QEW ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Mimico Creek at Islington ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Don River at York Mills ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑
Little Don River at Don Mills ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Don River at Todmorden ↑ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
Rouge River near Markham ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
Highland Creek near West Hill ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↑ ↑
Harmony Creek at Oshawa ↑ ↓ ↓ ↑
Summary (Warm Weather Trends)
52. Mimico Creek at Islington (02HC033)
1970
• Effective Catchment Area - 215 km2
• Urbanized Area - 33.3 km2 (45%)
• Total Road Length - 450 km
0 2 4 61
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1970
Urbanized Area - 1970
53. Mimico Creek at Islington (02HC033)
1978
• Effective Catchment Area - 215 km2
• Urbanized Area - 40.2 km2 (55%)
• Total Road Length - 553 km
0 2 4 61
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1978
Urbanized Area - 1978
54. Mimico Creek at Islington (02HC033)
1995
• Effective Catchment Area - 215 km2
• Urbanized Area – 53.0 km2 (72%)
• Total Road Length - 641 km
0 2 4 61
Kilometers
Effective Catchment Area
Road Network - 1995
Urbanized Area - 1995
55. Mimico Creek at Islington (02HC033)
2005
• Effective Catchment Area - 215 km2
• Urbanized Area - 60.2 km2 (81.5%)
• Total Road Length - 683 km
0 2 4 61
Kilometers
Road Network - 2005
Effective Catchment Area
Urbanized Area - 2005
56. Highland Creek near West Hill
(02HC013)
1955
• Effective Catchment Area - 89 km2
• Urbanized Area - 8.9 km2 (10%)
• Total Road Length - 248 km
0 1 2 3 40.5
Kilometers
Topographic Catchment Boundary
Road Network - 1955
Forest Cover - 1955
Urbanized Area - 1955
57. Highland Creek near West Hill
(02HC013)
2010
• Effective Catchment Area - 89 km2
• Urbanized Area - 76.5 km2 (86%)
• Total Road Length - 876 km
0 1 2 3 40.5
Kilometers
Topographic Catchment Boundary
Road Network - 2010
Urbanized Area - 2010