Characteristics of Software
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Compare and Contrast the difference between Software Development and Hardware Manufacturing McCall's Classification on Software Quality
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Software design
This document discusses various topics related to software design including design principles, concepts, modeling, and architecture. It provides examples of class/data design, architectural design, interface design, and component design. Some key points discussed include:
- Software design creates representations and models that provide details on architecture, data structures, interfaces, and components needed to implement the system.
- Design concepts like abstraction, modularity, encapsulation, and information hiding are important to reduce complexity and improve design.
- Different types of design models include data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.
- Good software architecture and design lead to systems that are more understandable, maintainable, and of higher quality.
Software design
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
software characteristics
software characteristics for Software engineering,All characteristics and details about software For bscs , bsit , mcs , bcs
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Software Engineering Practice
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software engineering practice. It covers the software development lifecycle including requirements analysis, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, modeling, design, coding, testing, and project management. The overall aim of software engineering is to develop reliable, maintainable and usable software that meets customer requirements.
Lecture 9 understanding requirements
This document discusses understanding requirements in software engineering. It outlines the key tasks in requirements engineering as inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation and management. Elicitation involves drawing requirements from stakeholders but can be difficult due to problems with scope, volatility, understanding and communication. Elaboration develops a refined technical model using information from inception and elicitation. Negotiation aims to agree on a realistic deliverable through prioritization and negotiation. Specification can take various forms depending on the system. Validation reviews the specification for errors and omissions. Requirements management handles changing requirements throughout the project.
Software metrics
The document discusses various software metrics that can be used to measure attributes of software products and processes. It describes metrics for size (e.g. lines of code), complexity (e.g. cyclomatic complexity), quality (e.g. defects per KLOC), design (e.g. coupling and cohesion), and object-oriented software (e.g. weighted methods per class). The goals of metrics include estimating costs, evaluating quality, and improving processes and products.
Coupling and cohesion
When a software program is modularized, there are measures by which the quality of a design of modules and their interaction among them can be measured. These measures are called coupling and cohesion.
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Software design
This document discusses various topics related to software design including design principles, concepts, modeling, and architecture. It provides examples of class/data design, architectural design, interface design, and component design. Some key points discussed include:
- Software design creates representations and models that provide details on architecture, data structures, interfaces, and components needed to implement the system.
- Design concepts like abstraction, modularity, encapsulation, and information hiding are important to reduce complexity and improve design.
- Different types of design models include data/class design, architectural design, interface design, and component-level design.
- Good software architecture and design lead to systems that are more understandable, maintainable, and of higher quality.
Software design
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
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Software Engineering Practice
The document discusses key concepts and principles of software engineering practice. It covers the software development lifecycle including requirements analysis, planning, modeling, construction, testing, and deployment. It provides guidance on best practices for communication, modeling, design, coding, testing, and project management. The overall aim of software engineering is to develop reliable, maintainable and usable software that meets customer requirements.
Lecture 9 understanding requirements
This document discusses understanding requirements in software engineering. It outlines the key tasks in requirements engineering as inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation and management. Elicitation involves drawing requirements from stakeholders but can be difficult due to problems with scope, volatility, understanding and communication. Elaboration develops a refined technical model using information from inception and elicitation. Negotiation aims to agree on a realistic deliverable through prioritization and negotiation. Specification can take various forms depending on the system. Validation reviews the specification for errors and omissions. Requirements management handles changing requirements throughout the project.
Software metrics
The document discusses various software metrics that can be used to measure attributes of software products and processes. It describes metrics for size (e.g. lines of code), complexity (e.g. cyclomatic complexity), quality (e.g. defects per KLOC), design (e.g. coupling and cohesion), and object-oriented software (e.g. weighted methods per class). The goals of metrics include estimating costs, evaluating quality, and improving processes and products.
Coupling and cohesion
When a software program is modularized, there are measures by which the quality of a design of modules and their interaction among them can be measured. These measures are called coupling and cohesion.
Introduction to Software Engineering
This lecture provides introduction to basic concepts of software engineering especially life cycle models, with there advantages and disadvantages.
Design Concepts in Software Engineering-1.pptx
The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch1
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance of ethics in software development, and introduces three case studies that will be used as examples throughout the book. Specifically:
[1] It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. Professional and ethical practices are important.
[2] It discusses software engineering ethics and introduces the ACM/IEEE code of ethics for software engineers.
[3] It provides an overview of three case studies that will be referenced in later chapters: an insulin pump system, a patient management system, and a weather station system.
Cohesion and coupling
Coupling refers to the interdependence between software modules. There are several types of coupling from loose to tight, with the tightest being content coupling where one module relies on the internal workings of another. Cohesion measures how strongly related the functionality within a module is, ranging from coincidental to functional cohesion which is the strongest. Tight coupling and low cohesion can make software harder to maintain and reuse modules.
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This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
Software requirements specification
This document outlines the typical sections and contents of a software requirements specification (SRS). It discusses 12 common sections of an SRS, including an overview, development environments, external interfaces, functional requirements, performance requirements, exception handling, implementation priorities, foreseeable changes, acceptance criteria, design guidance, a cross-reference index, and a glossary. Key sections describe functional requirements using relational or state-oriented notation, performance characteristics like response times, and exception handling categories. The SRS should have properties like being correct, complete, consistent, unambiguous, functional, and verifiable.
Interface specification
All software systems must operate with existing systems that have already been implemented and installed in an environment.
A presentation on software crisis
This document discusses the software crisis, its causes, and potential solutions. The software crisis refers to difficulties developing useful and efficient computer programs within required timeframes in the early days of computing. Major causes included projects going over budget and schedule, inefficient and low quality software, and unmanageable code. Proposed solutions included applying systematic engineering principles to software development through software engineering practices, which aims to manage complexity through tools, techniques, and project management skills. The document argues software engineering may help address the software crisis by taking a disciplined and quantifiable approach to development.
Software process
The software process involves specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution activities. It can be modeled using plan-driven approaches like the waterfall model or agile approaches. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Reuse-oriented processes focus on assembling systems from existing components. Real processes combine elements of different models. Specification defines system requirements through requirements engineering. Design translates requirements into a software structure and implementation creates an executable program. Validation verifies the system meets requirements through testing. Evolution maintains and changes the system in response to changing needs.
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Je vous partage l'un des présentations que j'ai réalisé lorsque j'étais élève ingénieur pour le module 'Anglais Business ' , utile pour les étudiants souhaitant préparer une présentation en anglais sur les Design Pattern - ou les patrons de conception .
Software Engineering by Pankaj Jalote
The document discusses several key challenges in software engineering (SE). It notes that SE approaches must address issues of scale, productivity, and quality. Regarding scale, it states that SE methods must be scalable for problems of different sizes, from small to very large, requiring both engineering and project management techniques to be formalized for large problems. Productivity is important to control costs and schedule, and SE aims to deliver high productivity. Quality is also a major goal, involving attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and maintainability. Reliability is often seen as the main quality criterion and is approximated by measuring defects. Addressing these challenges of scale, productivity and quality drives the selection of SE approaches.
Software requirements
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
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A product metrics taxonomy
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Metrics for the design model
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The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
Software Metrics
The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
Analysis modeling
The document discusses requirements analysis and analysis modeling principles for software engineering. It covers key topics such as:
1. Requirements analysis specifies a software's operational characteristics and interface with other systems to establish constraints. Analysis modeling focuses on what the software needs to do, not how it will be implemented.
2. Analysis modeling principles include representing the information domain, defining functions, modeling behavior, partitioning complex problems, and moving from essential information to implementation details.
3. Common analysis techniques involve use case diagrams, class diagrams, state diagrams, data flow diagrams, and data modeling to define attributes, relationships, cardinality and modality between data objects.
Entity Relationship Diagrams
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) are conceptual data models used in software engineering to model information systems. ERDs represent entities as rectangles, attributes as ellipses, and relationships as diamonds connecting entities. Attributes can be single-valued, multi-valued, composite, or derived. Relationships have cardinality like one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many. Participation constraints and Codd's 12 rules of relational databases are also discussed in the document.
Data Designs (Software Engg.)
The data design action translates data objects into data structures at the software component level.
Data Design is the first and most important design activity. Here the main issue is to select the appropriate data structure i.e. the data design focuses on the definition of data structures.
Data design is a process of gradual refinement, from the coarse "What data does your application require?" to the precise data structures and processes that provide it. With a good data design, your application's data access is fast, easily maintained, and can gracefully accept future data enhancements.
Object oriented software engineering concepts
The document provides an overview of object-oriented concepts. It discusses that software development is increasingly relying on object-oriented paradigms due to benefits like improved modeling of real-world problems and reusability. Key concepts discussed include classes and objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and object composition. Various object-oriented methodologies like those proposed by Coad/Yourdon, Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson are also summarized.
Entity Relationship Diagram
The document discusses the entity-relationship (E-R) data model. It defines key concepts in E-R modeling including entities, attributes, entity sets, relationships, and relationship sets. It describes different types of attributes and relationships. It also explains how to represent E-R diagrams visually using symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and lines to depict entities, relationships, keys, and cardinalities. Primary keys, foreign keys, and weak entities are also covered.
Need for Software Engineering
What is professional software development and definition of software engineering. Who is a software engineer. Difference between Computer Science and Systems Engineering
Capabilities and characteristic of hardware and software --
This document summarizes the key hardware and software components of a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) which includes the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for performing calculations and the control unit for controlling operations. Memory, including both primary memory in the CPU and secondary external memory like read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), is used to store input data, the operating system, and application programs. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, scanners, digital cameras, touch screens, and barcode and swipe card readers. Buses transfer data within the computer between components.
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This lecture provides introduction to basic concepts of software engineering especially life cycle models, with there advantages and disadvantages.
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The document discusses key concepts in software design, including:
- Design involves modeling the system architecture, interfaces, and components before implementation. This allows assessment and improvement of quality.
- Important design concepts span abstraction, architecture, patterns, separation of concerns, modularity, information hiding, and functional independence. Architecture defines overall structure and interactions. Patterns help solve common problems.
- Separation of concerns and related concepts like modularity and information hiding help decompose problems into independently designed and optimized pieces to improve manageability. Functional independence means each module has a single, well-defined purpose with minimal interaction.
Ian Sommerville, Software Engineering, 9th Edition Ch1
The document provides an introduction to software engineering concepts. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance of ethics in software development, and introduces three case studies that will be used as examples throughout the book. Specifically:
[1] It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. Professional and ethical practices are important.
[2] It discusses software engineering ethics and introduces the ACM/IEEE code of ethics for software engineers.
[3] It provides an overview of three case studies that will be referenced in later chapters: an insulin pump system, a patient management system, and a weather station system.
Cohesion and coupling
Coupling refers to the interdependence between software modules. There are several types of coupling from loose to tight, with the tightest being content coupling where one module relies on the internal workings of another. Cohesion measures how strongly related the functionality within a module is, ranging from coincidental to functional cohesion which is the strongest. Tight coupling and low cohesion can make software harder to maintain and reuse modules.
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This Presentation contains all the topics in design concept of software engineering. This is much more helpful in designing new product. You have to consider some of the design concepts that are given in the ppt
Software requirements specification
This document outlines the typical sections and contents of a software requirements specification (SRS). It discusses 12 common sections of an SRS, including an overview, development environments, external interfaces, functional requirements, performance requirements, exception handling, implementation priorities, foreseeable changes, acceptance criteria, design guidance, a cross-reference index, and a glossary. Key sections describe functional requirements using relational or state-oriented notation, performance characteristics like response times, and exception handling categories. The SRS should have properties like being correct, complete, consistent, unambiguous, functional, and verifiable.
Interface specification
All software systems must operate with existing systems that have already been implemented and installed in an environment.
A presentation on software crisis
This document discusses the software crisis, its causes, and potential solutions. The software crisis refers to difficulties developing useful and efficient computer programs within required timeframes in the early days of computing. Major causes included projects going over budget and schedule, inefficient and low quality software, and unmanageable code. Proposed solutions included applying systematic engineering principles to software development through software engineering practices, which aims to manage complexity through tools, techniques, and project management skills. The document argues software engineering may help address the software crisis by taking a disciplined and quantifiable approach to development.
Software process
The software process involves specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution activities. It can be modeled using plan-driven approaches like the waterfall model or agile approaches. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities. Reuse-oriented processes focus on assembling systems from existing components. Real processes combine elements of different models. Specification defines system requirements through requirements engineering. Design translates requirements into a software structure and implementation creates an executable program. Validation verifies the system meets requirements through testing. Evolution maintains and changes the system in response to changing needs.
Introduction to Design Pattern
Je vous partage l'un des présentations que j'ai réalisé lorsque j'étais élève ingénieur pour le module 'Anglais Business ' , utile pour les étudiants souhaitant préparer une présentation en anglais sur les Design Pattern - ou les patrons de conception .
Software Engineering by Pankaj Jalote
The document discusses several key challenges in software engineering (SE). It notes that SE approaches must address issues of scale, productivity, and quality. Regarding scale, it states that SE methods must be scalable for problems of different sizes, from small to very large, requiring both engineering and project management techniques to be formalized for large problems. Productivity is important to control costs and schedule, and SE aims to deliver high productivity. Quality is also a major goal, involving attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and maintainability. Reliability is often seen as the main quality criterion and is approximated by measuring defects. Addressing these challenges of scale, productivity and quality drives the selection of SE approaches.
Software requirements
The document discusses software requirements and requirements engineering. It introduces concepts like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It explains how requirements can be organized in a requirements document and the different types of stakeholders who read requirements. The document also discusses challenges in writing requirements precisely and provides examples of requirements specification for a library system called LIBSYS.
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This ppt covers the following topics
Software quality
A framework for product metrics
A product metrics taxonomy
Metrics for the analysis model
Metrics for the design model
Metrics for maintenance
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The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
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The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
Analysis modeling
The document discusses requirements analysis and analysis modeling principles for software engineering. It covers key topics such as:
1. Requirements analysis specifies a software's operational characteristics and interface with other systems to establish constraints. Analysis modeling focuses on what the software needs to do, not how it will be implemented.
2. Analysis modeling principles include representing the information domain, defining functions, modeling behavior, partitioning complex problems, and moving from essential information to implementation details.
3. Common analysis techniques involve use case diagrams, class diagrams, state diagrams, data flow diagrams, and data modeling to define attributes, relationships, cardinality and modality between data objects.
Entity Relationship Diagrams
Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) are conceptual data models used in software engineering to model information systems. ERDs represent entities as rectangles, attributes as ellipses, and relationships as diamonds connecting entities. Attributes can be single-valued, multi-valued, composite, or derived. Relationships have cardinality like one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many. Participation constraints and Codd's 12 rules of relational databases are also discussed in the document.
Data Designs (Software Engg.)
The data design action translates data objects into data structures at the software component level.
Data Design is the first and most important design activity. Here the main issue is to select the appropriate data structure i.e. the data design focuses on the definition of data structures.
Data design is a process of gradual refinement, from the coarse "What data does your application require?" to the precise data structures and processes that provide it. With a good data design, your application's data access is fast, easily maintained, and can gracefully accept future data enhancements.
Object oriented software engineering concepts
The document provides an overview of object-oriented concepts. It discusses that software development is increasingly relying on object-oriented paradigms due to benefits like improved modeling of real-world problems and reusability. Key concepts discussed include classes and objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and object composition. Various object-oriented methodologies like those proposed by Coad/Yourdon, Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson are also summarized.
Entity Relationship Diagram
The document discusses the entity-relationship (E-R) data model. It defines key concepts in E-R modeling including entities, attributes, entity sets, relationships, and relationship sets. It describes different types of attributes and relationships. It also explains how to represent E-R diagrams visually using symbols like rectangles, diamonds, and lines to depict entities, relationships, keys, and cardinalities. Primary keys, foreign keys, and weak entities are also covered.
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The document discusses software quality management and outlines five units: introduction to software quality; software quality assurance; quality control and reliability; quality management systems; and quality standards. It defines quality, discusses hierarchical models of quality including those proposed by Boehm and McCall, and explains techniques for improving software quality like metrics, reviews, and standards.
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Shoeb Syed is a software quality assurance engineer with over 4 years of experience in testing client/server, web-based, and desktop applications. He has expertise in test automation using Test Complete and Selenium and has experience designing different automation frameworks including keyword-driven, data-driven, and hybrid. He is proficient in languages like VBScript, Java, and testing tools including HP Quality Center, JMeter, and Test Complete. He has received awards for his work automating test cases and creating automation frameworks for various projects.
Software testing ppt
This document discusses software testing principles and concepts. It defines key terms like validation, verification, defects, failures, and metrics. It outlines 11 testing principles like testing being a creative task and test results needing meticulous inspection. The roles of testers are discussed in collaborating with other teams. Defect classes are defined at different stages and types of defects are provided. Quality factors, process maturity models, and defect prevention strategies are also summarized.
sekhar
Sekhar M is a software tester with over 3 years of experience in manual and automation testing using Selenium WebDriver. He has expertise in e-commerce, ERP and CRM domains and has worked on projects for clients like New Balance, ICDC College, and Lazada Philippines. His responsibilities include automating test cases, identifying test scenarios, reviewing test scripts, logging defects, and sending weekly status reports.
Quality Concept
This document defines key concepts related to quality in software engineering, including definitions of quality, software quality, and several quality factor frameworks. It discusses Garvin's quality dimensions, McCall's quality factors, ISO 9126 quality factors, and targeted quality factors. The document also covers concepts like good enough software and the cost of quality.
kanakaborra_3years_Exp
This document provides a summary of KanakaBorra's experience and qualifications. She has over 3 years of experience as a Software Test Engineer, specializing in automation testing using Selenium WebDriver, TestNG, and Apache POI. She has worked on two projects, one involving claims system transformation for an insurance company, developing hybrid test frameworks. The other was manual testing for an ERP application. She has expertise in test case development, defect logging, and preparing test reports. KanakaBorra holds a B.E. in Computer Science and is proficient in Java, Quality Center, and version control tools.
Software quality
The document discusses definitions of software quality and defines key attributes of software quality according to ISO 9126 standards. It defines functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability as key quality attributes and further breaks down each attribute into sub-attributes that define important aspects of quality.
Case Reference - Database Testing: Success Story
Our client is the world’s largest enterprise software company with its position in the Fortune 100 companies. They offer a comprehensive and fully integrated stack of cloud applications, platform services, and engineered systems.
CV
This document contains the resume of Spoorthi B, who has over 4 years of experience as a Software QA Engineer. She currently works as a Product QA Engineer for MetricStream Infotech Pvt Ltd, where she has been for over 1 year. Her responsibilities include test case preparation, defect tracking, automation testing using Sahi, and ensuring browser compatibility. She has experience testing a variety of web applications, including for loss management and operational risk management systems.
Natalie Markert
Natalie Markert is a Quality Assurance Engineer with nearly 3 years of experience in QA. She has skills in Agile methodology, mainframe and web application testing across various browsers and devices. She is currently a QA Analyst at Amano McGann Inc where she has helped improve their Agile processes and sets up test environments for devices like license plate readers.
Hierarchical models of software quality
This document discusses hierarchical models of software quality, including the McCall and Boehm models. The McCall model addresses three areas of software quality: product operation, product revision, and product transition. Product operation focuses on usability, integrity, efficiency, and correctness. Product revision examines testability and maintainability. Product transition considers portability, reusability, and interoperability. The Boehm model defines three levels of quality attributes: primary uses, intermediate constructs, and primitive constructs. Primary uses include as-is utility and maintainability. Intermediate constructs are flexibility, reliability, portability, efficiency, testability, understandability, and usability. Primitive constructs result in measurable properties.
Jaya_Joshi_Software_Testing
The document provides a summary of a QA professional's experience and qualifications. It details over 4 years of IT experience, including 2.5 years of QA testing experience across various domains. The professional has experience with manual testing, test management tools like Mercury Test Director and Quality Center, and automation tools like QuickTest Professional. They have worked on projects in various stages of the SDLC, including requirements analysis, test case design, execution, defect tracking, and user acceptance testing. The summary highlights technical skills in languages like C/C++, Java, databases, and test tools, as well as a bachelor's degree in computer science and various testing certifications.
R.K DAS (1)
Rajanikanta das has over 3.4 years of experience in manual testing of web applications. He has experience writing test cases, performing different types of testing including functional, integration, system, and regression. He is proficient in test execution, defect reporting, and test management tools. Currently he works as a Software Test Engineer for Tech Mahindra where he has worked on two projects, Typical Point and Integra, performing roles such as writing test cases, requirement mapping, test execution, and bug reporting.
Akshay pakhale qa engineer
Have 2 years of experience in the field of software testing.Worked on various android,iOS and web application.Have experience in both front end and back end testing.Have experience in test data creation,execution and bug reporting.Have good experience in GPS and localisation testing
Software Engineering - Lecture 01
This document discusses an introductory software engineering lecture. It introduces a simple programming problem of calculating student grades from test marks. It then discusses typical approaches students may take to solve the problem and the importance of understanding the problem. The document defines software engineering and outlines some of its objectives, characteristics of software, what makes good software, common software applications, and challenges in the field.
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Software Engineering Ethics
To be a professional software engineer requires following an ethical code like other engineering disciplines. This involves wider responsibilities than technical skills alone, including maintaining confidentiality, respecting intellectual property rights, avoiding computer misuse, and competence. Professional societies provide codes of conduct that members must follow. When disagreeing with management, arguing within the organization is best, but resigning may be needed. Safety issues must be reported to protect customers, even if it risks confidentiality. Participation in some systems like military is ethically complex.
Introduction to Software Engineering
This document provides an introduction to software engineering and defines different types of software. It explains that software is a set of instructions that resides in the computer's memory or storage. There are two main types of software: system software, which operates and controls the computer hardware, and application software, which is designed for specific applications. Some common system software includes operating systems, databases, and programming tools. Examples of application software are word processors, spreadsheets, accounting programs, and web-based software.
Porter Forces and eBusiness Models
Discusses how eBusiness revenue models can be used after analyzing the Porter 5 forces of the external environment of the business.
Porter Forces and eBusiness Strategies
The document discusses various Porter forces and eBusiness strategies. It provides definitions and explanations of concepts like product differentiation, market diversification, strategic alliances, bundling, integration strategies, pricing models, barriers to entry, and managing substitute products and supplier power. Strategies recommended to address high forces include positioning the company to be least vulnerable, minimizing or diversifying from the force. For low forces, strategies include capitalizing on the force or using it for advantage.
Revenue Models for e-Business on The Web
The document discusses several revenue models for e-business, including:
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Discusses how to analyse the external environment of a business using Porter’s 5 Forces using examples of situations each force becomes high.
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What is a strategy and how to incorporate eBusiness strategies to the business?
SWOT Analysis to understand business environment before developing strategies.
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Discussing about the Business Environment focusing on external entities. In here specifically identify what is the difference between customer-supplier relationship and business partner relationship.
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Depending on the level of digitization how the business organizations were categorized.
And finally the step by step roadmap for an successful ebusiness.
eBusiness Environment
The document discusses four main driving forces that compel companies to change and transform digitally: 1) technological advancements and the internet which remove geographical boundaries, 2) information revolution and communication explosion, 3) market changes and increased competition, and 4) government regulations and pressures from partners/groups. It also provides three examples of how digitization has changed eBusiness - music, books, and news are now distributed online rather than physically. Finally, it discusses pricing strategies for eBusiness and comparison shopping websites that allow consumers to research prices across retailers.
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This document discusses benefits and issues of eBusiness. It lists 5 benefits as competitive edge, global accessibility, establishing a brand name, capturing large markets, and exclusive strategic alliances. It also lists 5 issues as cost of development being high, chance of failure, systems becoming obsolete, lack of initial support services, and shortage of skills. It then provides examples of how eBusiness concepts could help address global problems related to poverty by discussing eEducation, eHealth, and enabling online charities, help, support and donations.
Orientation of eBusiness Applications
Recognize key figures in eBusinesses and what they did; Michael Dell for Dell Inc.; Mark Zuckerberg for Facebook; Jeff Bezos for Amazon; Pierre Omidyar for eBay
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Characteristics of Software
- 1. Software Engineering CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFTWARE Upekha Vandebona upe.vand@gmail.com
- 2. Software Cost and Hardware Cost Hardware Cost Software Cost Time Cost
- 3. Failure Curve for Hardware Infant Mortality Wear out Time FailureRate
- 4. Failure Curve for Software Time FailureRate Ideal Curve Actual Curve Changes Increase Failure Rates due to Side Effects
- 6. Correctness Reliability Usability Integrity Efficiency McCall’s Classification : Product Operation
- 9. Correctness. The extent to which a program satisfies its specification and fulfills the customer’s mission objectives. Reliability. The extent to which a program can be expected to perform its intended function with required precision. Efficiency. The amount of computing resources and code required by a program to perform its function. Integrity. Extent to which access to software or data by unauthorized persons can be controlled. Usability. Effort required to learn, operate, prepare input for, and interpret output of a program. ProductOperation
- 10. Maintainability. Effort required to locate and fix an error in a program. Flexibility. Effort required to modify an operational program. Testability. Effort required to test a program to ensure that it performs its intended function. Portability. Effort required to transfer the program from one hardware and/or software system environment to another. Reusability. Extent to which a program [or parts of a program] can be reused in other applications—related to the packaging and scope of the functions that the program performs. Interoperability. Effort required to couple one system to another. Product Revision Product Transition
Editor's Notes
- Correctness, the functionality matches the specification. Reliability, the extent to which the system fails. Efficiency, system resource (including cpu, disk, memory, network) usage. Integrity, protection from unauthorized access. Usability, ease of use.