This document summarizes the key characteristics of hazardous waste. It identifies four main properties - ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Ignitable wastes are easily flammable. Corrosive wastes can eat through containers due to their high pH levels. Reactive wastes are unstable and can experience violent changes. Toxic wastes are measured by their lethal dose (LD50), which indicates the amount needed to kill 50% of a test sample. The document provides examples and testing methods for each of the four hazardous waste properties.

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Characteristics of Hazardous
Waste
Presented By
Jagniyant Lunagariya
MTech Student
Department of Environmental Engineering

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Hazarrdous Waste
• Hazardous waste is a
waste with properties
that results in harmful
effect in environment
and biological
organism.

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Properties of Hazardous Waste
• ignitability, or something flammable
• corrosivity, or something that can rust or
decompose
• reactivity, or something explosive
• toxicity, or something poisonous

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Ignitability
• There are three types of ignitable forms:
• Liquids with a flash point–the lowest
temperature at which fumes above waste
ignite–of 60 degrees Celsius.
Examples-alcohol, gasoline, and acetone.
• Solids that spontaneously combust.
• Oxidizers and compressed gasses.
• Method-Pensky Mantens Close cup

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Corrosivity
• Corrosive substances, such as
hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric
acid, have the ability eat through
containers, causing the leakage of harmful
materials. A corrosive is anything liquid
with a pH of less than or equal to 2 or
greater than or equal to 12.5, or has the
ability to corrode steel. Everyday example
of corrosives include battery acid and rust
removers.

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Reactivity
• Given their instability, reactive wastes can be very
dangerous. The EPA recognizes that there are too many
conditions and situations to identify all types of reactive
materials. However, they use the following as guidelines
to assist generators:
• Unstable, and routinely experiences violent change
without detonating
• Potential for explosive mixture or violent reaction when
combined with water
• Toxic gasses are released when mixed with water

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Toxicity
• It is measured in Accute oral Toxicity
• Acute toxicity describes the adverse
effects of a substance that result either
from a single exposure or from multiple
exposures in a short period of time
(usually less than 24 hours).

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• Lethal dose (LD50) is the amount of an ingested
substance that kills 50 percent of a test sample. It is
expressed in mg/kg, or milligrams of substance per
kilogram of body weight.
• The concentrations of the chemical in air that kills
50% of the test animals during the observation period
is the LC50 value.
• IC50 is a dose of chemical or substant that enefits
growth of organism by 50% and rest the organism
remain ineffective.
LD50,LC50 and IC50

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Thank You