The document discusses the four main plant parts: flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. It describes their key functions, such as flowers being the reproductive part that contains seeds, leaves producing food through photosynthesis, stems supporting leaves/flowers and transporting water/nutrients, and roots anchoring plants and absorbing water/nutrients. It also defines different types of each part, such as the four types of plants based on their stems (trees, shrubs, herbs, vines), and two main root systems (taproot and fibrous roots).

1. Biology 1.2 What’s important?
4 Plant Parts:
1.Flower
 reproductive part
 Contains ovules and
ovary which become the seed and fruit.
 Seed becomes embryo and fruit provides
nutrients

2. Biology 1.2 What’s important?
4 Plant Parts:
1. Flower
 reproductive part
 Contains ovules and ovary which become the seed and fruit.
 Seed becomes embryo and fruit provides nutrients
2. Leaves – main photosynthetic part of
plant where food is produced.

3. 2. Leaves – main photosynthetic part of plant where food is produced.
3. Stem
Functions include:
a. supports the leaves and flowers
b. transports nutrients and water

4. 3. Stem
Functions include:
a. supports the leaves and flowers
b. transports nutrients and water
Two types of stems are:
woody stems –
• found on trees and shrubs
• are brown and rigid
herbaceous stem–
• found on herbs
• are green and flexible
• called herbs includes flowers, and all plants
with flexible stem
• Vines can be either

6. 3. Stem
There are 4 types of plants based on
their stem:
A.Trees – have woody stems, & grow
tall
B. Shrubs – have
woody stems, and are
shorter

7. 3. Stem
There are 4 types of plants based on their stem:
A.Trees – have woody stems, & grow tall
B.Shrubs – have woody stems, and are shorter
C. Herbs- include anything with a
flexible, green stem and no tendrils.
(ex. Tomato, daisy)

8. 3. Stem
There are 4 types of plants based on their stem:
A.Trees – have woody stems, & grow tall
B.Shrubs – have woody stems, and are shorter
C.Herbs- include anything with a flexible, green stem and no tendrils.
D. Vines
•woody or herbaceous stem
•stem grows along the ground
•may have tendrils to wind around post, or
trees.

9. 3. Stem
There are 4 types of plants based on their stem:
A.Trees – have woody stems, & grow tall
B.Shrubs – have woody stems, and are shorter
C.Herbs- include anything with a flexible, green stem and no tendrils.
D. Vines – can have a woody or a herbaceous stem, which grows along the ground, or may have
tendrils to wind around post, or trees.
Two types of vines are:
a. herbaceous vine
Ex. cucumber plant
b. woody vine
Ex. grape plant

10. 3. Stem
Two types of vines are:
a. herbaceous vine Ex. cucumber plant
b. woody vine Ex. grape plant
4. Roots
Functions:
• Anchors the plant in soil
• absorbs water, nutrients & minerals
• stores food
• reproduction called vegetative reproduction
which is when roots spread out and make
new plants

11. Vegetative Reproduction

12. 4. Roots
Functions:
• Anchors the plant in soil
• absorbs water, nutrients & minerals
• stores food
• reproduction called vegetative reproduction which is when roots spread out and make new
plants
Types of root systems
A. taproot – main root grows straight down
w/small secondary roots growing off of the
main root
Ex. carrot

13. 4. Roots
Types of root systems
A. taproot – main root grows straight down w/small secondary roots growing off of the
main root
Ex. carrot
B. fibrous roots – the main root is small
and secondary roots are many ex.
grasses

15. Plant parts are divided into two plant
systems
Shoot system – above the ground
and includes stem, flower, and leaves
Root system – part below the ground
includes the roots

17. Shoot System
Root
System

18. More about leaves:
Parts of a leaf:
•petiole – stalk that attaches blade to
stem
•blade – central flat part
•midrib – on many plants but not all, it is
the central vein running down the leaf
(veins – carry nutrients and
water)

21. More about leaves:
Part of a leaf:
• petiole – stalk that attaches blade to stem
• blade – central part
• midrib – on many plants but not all is the central vein running down the leaf (veins –
carry nutrients and water)
Three basic leaf shapes:
1. broad and flat (maple, oak)
2. long and narrow (onions, lilies)
3. needle or scale like (pines, cedars)

22. Broad leaf
Long, narrow
Needle - like

23. Shapes of broad leaves:
elliptical
oval
ovate (triangular)
obovate (reverse of ovate)
lance-shaped
heart shaped
arrow shaped

25. Shapes of broad leaves:
elliptical
oval
ovate (triangular)
obovate (reverse of ovate)
lance-shaped
heart shaped
arrow shaped
Types of Leaf margins (around the
outside edge):
1. entire – smooth edge
2. toothed – jagged edge ex. Holly
3. lobed - has lobes ex. oak

26. Three basic leaf margins
Entire

27. Divisions of leaves:
Simple leaves – no division in leaf at
midrib

28. Divisions of leaves:
Simple leaves – no division in leaf at midrib
Compound leaves – where the midrib
had divided
the leaf completely and each side looks
identical.