ICT refers to information and communication technologies, including technologies that allow access to information through telecommunications like the internet, wireless networks, and cell phones. Data are raw facts while information is data organized to have meaning and value. Knowledge consists of organized data and information applied to solve problems. Computers are classified based on their purpose, the data they handle, and their size. Characteristics of valuable information include being accurate, complete, economical, flexible, reliable, relevant, simple, timely, and verifiable. Preventive maintenance of computers includes proper environment, location, electric power protection, and regular backups.
A computer is an electronic device that processes data through an input device, storage, and output device. It contains hardware components like a system unit, storage, input, and output devices. Computers provide advantages like speed, reliability, and consistency but also health risks and impact privacy and the environment. Networks connect computers through communication devices and the Internet is a worldwide collection of networks used for communication, research, shopping, banking, entertainment and more. Computer software includes operating systems, applications, and programs that tell the computer how to process data. There are different types of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers.
This document discusses information technology and computers. It defines information technology as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. It then discusses advantages like speed, reliability, and storage capacity as well as disadvantages such as privacy violations, health risks, and job losses. Various applications of IT are described in fields such as education, finance, healthcare, science, and manufacturing. Finally, different categories of computers are outlined including supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile devices, and embedded computers based on their size, speed, and storage capabilities.
This document provides an overview of information technology and discusses different categories of computers. It defines information technology as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. Several advantages of IT are described, such as speed, reliability, storage capacity, and ability to communicate wirelessly. Potential disadvantages include privacy violations, public safety issues, job losses, and health and environmental risks. Various applications of IT in fields like education, finance, government, and healthcare are outlined. The categories of computers are then defined, including supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile computers, and embedded computers. Their distinguishing characteristics like physical size, processing speed, and storage capacity are compared.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts and components, including the five main components of a computer. It discusses networks and the internet, different categories of computers and users. It also summarizes how computers are used in various sectors of society like education, finance, government, healthcare, science, publishing, travel and manufacturing.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including:
- Computers process raw input data according to programmed instructions to produce output and save results.
- The document covers computer hardware, software, operating systems, and how to get value from technology.
- Computers are described as fast, accurate, versatile devices that can perform millions of calculations in seconds compared to humans. They have large storage capacity and can store different data types.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including defining computers and their components, networks and the internet, types of computer software, different categories of computers and users, and applications of computers in society. It explains that a computer processes data into information, identifies the five main components, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of computer use. Networks and the internet are defined and their benefits explained. Various types of computer users and how they interact with computers are also outlined.
1. A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It consists of both hardware and software.
2. Computers are now essential tools used in many aspects of modern life including business, education, entertainment, healthcare, and more. They are used to store and process information, perform calculations, and automate tasks.
3. Key components of a computer include a motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), random access memory (RAM), and storage devices. The CPU retrieves and executes instructions, the motherboard facilitates connectivity, and memory and storage hold data and programs.
A computer is an electronic device that processes data through an input device, storage, and output device. It contains hardware components like a system unit, storage, input, and output devices. Computers provide advantages like speed, reliability, and consistency but also health risks and impact privacy and the environment. Networks connect computers through communication devices and the Internet is a worldwide collection of networks used for communication, research, shopping, banking, entertainment and more. Computer software includes operating systems, applications, and programs that tell the computer how to process data. There are different types of computers including personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers.
This document discusses information technology and computers. It defines information technology as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. It then discusses advantages like speed, reliability, and storage capacity as well as disadvantages such as privacy violations, health risks, and job losses. Various applications of IT are described in fields such as education, finance, healthcare, science, and manufacturing. Finally, different categories of computers are outlined including supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile devices, and embedded computers based on their size, speed, and storage capabilities.
This document provides an overview of information technology and discusses different categories of computers. It defines information technology as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. Several advantages of IT are described, such as speed, reliability, storage capacity, and ability to communicate wirelessly. Potential disadvantages include privacy violations, public safety issues, job losses, and health and environmental risks. Various applications of IT in fields like education, finance, government, and healthcare are outlined. The categories of computers are then defined, including supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile computers, and embedded computers. Their distinguishing characteristics like physical size, processing speed, and storage capacity are compared.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts and components, including the five main components of a computer. It discusses networks and the internet, different categories of computers and users. It also summarizes how computers are used in various sectors of society like education, finance, government, healthcare, science, publishing, travel and manufacturing.
This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including:
- Computers process raw input data according to programmed instructions to produce output and save results.
- The document covers computer hardware, software, operating systems, and how to get value from technology.
- Computers are described as fast, accurate, versatile devices that can perform millions of calculations in seconds compared to humans. They have large storage capacity and can store different data types.
This document provides an overview of basic computer concepts including defining computers and their components, networks and the internet, types of computer software, different categories of computers and users, and applications of computers in society. It explains that a computer processes data into information, identifies the five main components, and discusses advantages and disadvantages of computer use. Networks and the internet are defined and their benefits explained. Various types of computer users and how they interact with computers are also outlined.
1. A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process that data, produce output, and store information for future use. It consists of both hardware and software.
2. Computers are now essential tools used in many aspects of modern life including business, education, entertainment, healthcare, and more. They are used to store and process information, perform calculations, and automate tasks.
3. Key components of a computer include a motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), random access memory (RAM), and storage devices. The CPU retrieves and executes instructions, the motherboard facilitates connectivity, and memory and storage hold data and programs.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It discusses the basic components and operations of a computer system including input, processing, output, storage and control. It also defines what a computer is and describes the characteristics of computers such as speed, accuracy, and lack of intelligence. Additionally, it outlines the different types of computers including supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Finally, it discusses the various uses and impacts of computers in society such as in business, education, healthcare and more.
This slide contains an introduction to computers, it's types, it's components, notes on important applications, notes on the types of computers in today's world, notes on Network, Intranet and Internet!
Additionally containts note on MS Office tools, Photoshop, Programming Languages, Browsers, Search Engines, etc.
Hope it finds use to you!
This slide was prepared by Rohit Pant.
Computer is an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, and outputs results. It can perform calculations much faster and more accurately than humans. Computers are now used in nearly every field due to their speed, storage capacity, versatility, and ability to perform repetitive tasks without tiring. The document outlines the history of computers through their generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to modern microprocessors, and describes their various applications in business, education, healthcare, engineering and more.
The document discusses the definition, functions, advantages, applications and generations of computers. It defines a computer as a device that accepts data as input, processes it, and generates output. Computers provide benefits like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, reliability and the ability to automate tasks. They are used widely in various fields such as business, banking, education, engineering and more. The document also covers computer languages and the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits.
This document provides an introduction to information technology. It discusses key topics such as defining IT, the applications of IT, and different categories of computers. IT is defined as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. The applications of IT are discussed in various fields such as finance, education, government, healthcare, science, publishing, and travel. The different categories of computers explained include supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile computers, mobile devices, and embedded computers. Their characteristics and capabilities related to physical size, speed, and storage are also compared.
Overview of most areas that you need to know for the AS exam. Some small areas are not included - one being: what's needed to make a network - but nearly everything else is there.
Computer Defined, Features of a Modern Digital Computer, Application areas of Computers, Evolution of Computers, Building Blocks, Representation of Data, Number Systems, Computer Software, Computer Networks, Internet and WWW, Email
This document provides an overview of basic information technology concepts including what IT is, common uses of computers and IT, hardware and software components, networking, the internet, cloud computing, and careers in IT. Specifically, it defines IT as the development, maintenance and use of computer systems and networks for processing and distributing data. It lists several common uses of IT in education, business, healthcare, entertainment and government. It also describes basic hardware, software, networking and internet components. Finally, it outlines several common IT careers such as web developer, network administrator, data analyst and IT manager.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and their impact on society. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and ports. It describes different types of computers such as mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and supercomputers. It outlines the benefits of computers in improving accuracy, speed, and access to information for organizations and individuals. Finally, it discusses the role of computers in various aspects of society like education, business, healthcare, government, and how they have changed work and leisure activities.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and their impact on society. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and ports. It describes different types of computers such as mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and supercomputers. It outlines the benefits of computers in improving accuracy, speed, and access to information for organizations and individuals. Finally, it discusses the role of computers in various aspects of society like education, business, healthcare, government, and how they have changed work and leisure activities.
A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to stored instructions. It has hardware components like an input device, output device, system unit, storage device, and communications device. There are advantages like speed and reliability, but also disadvantages such as health risks and environmental impact. Computers connect to networks and the internet for communication, research, and entertainment. Different types of computers include personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, and embedded computers used in various applications to benefit society.
Fundamentals of computer and information system(unit 1)SURBHI SAROHA
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computer and information systems. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and arrange information to produce outputs. The document then discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, versatility, and reliability. It outlines advantages such as multitasking, speed, data storage capacity, and accuracy. Limitations including viruses, cybercrimes, environmental impacts, and health issues are also summarized. The document categorizes types of computers as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. It concludes by listing applications of computers in fields like banking, education, industries, entertainment, hospitals, and data processing.
The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It discusses key concepts such as how ICT refers to the merging of computing and high-speed communication technologies to transmit data, sound, and video. Examples are given of common ICT components like computers, telephones, televisions, and handheld devices. The basics of computer systems and their components such as the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output mechanisms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the course "Computers for Managers" including:
- The course code, credit units, and examination scheme which includes internals worth 30% and an end term exam worth 70% for a total of 100%.
- The course contents are divided into 6 modules covering topics such as computer networks, internet technology, e-commerce, ERP, DBMS, and office automation.
- Module 1 provides an introduction to the world of computers including their structure, uses in home, education, workplace, and on mobile devices across computer generations and types.
This document provides an introduction to information technology. It defines information and technology, then defines information technology as any technology that helps produce, manipulate, store, or communicate information. It discusses the different parts of information technology, including computer technology and communication technology. It also describes computers, their basic components and operations, as well as types of computers like analog and digital. The document outlines the purposes and uses of computers in areas like science, business, education, and government. Finally, it defines management information systems (MIS) as computer-based systems that provide managers with tools to efficiently manage organizations.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in Lecture 1 of the ACCE 2204 Fundamentals of Computer Science and Engineering course. The lecture includes sections on the parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It also covers the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation and classifications of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document recommends books for the course and outlines the distribution of marks for assessments.
1) The document proposes an IoT-based home automation system that monitors environmental conditions, controls devices, and detects and corrects faults automatically.
2) It collects sensor data to understand the environment and detect device issues. A home PC monitors sensors and controls devices, reporting problems to the cloud server.
3) The cloud server applies data mining to notify the appropriate technician via SMS/email when issues arise based on registered service providers. This allows for flexible, energy efficient home automation with self-learning capabilities.
This document provides an introduction to computer systems. It discusses the basic components and operations of a computer system including input, processing, output, storage and control. It also defines what a computer is and describes the characteristics of computers such as speed, accuracy, and lack of intelligence. Additionally, it outlines the different types of computers including supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Finally, it discusses the various uses and impacts of computers in society such as in business, education, healthcare and more.
This slide contains an introduction to computers, it's types, it's components, notes on important applications, notes on the types of computers in today's world, notes on Network, Intranet and Internet!
Additionally containts note on MS Office tools, Photoshop, Programming Languages, Browsers, Search Engines, etc.
Hope it finds use to you!
This slide was prepared by Rohit Pant.
Computer is an electronic device that takes in raw data as input, processes it according to programmed instructions, and outputs results. It can perform calculations much faster and more accurately than humans. Computers are now used in nearly every field due to their speed, storage capacity, versatility, and ability to perform repetitive tasks without tiring. The document outlines the history of computers through their generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits to modern microprocessors, and describes their various applications in business, education, healthcare, engineering and more.
The document discusses the definition, functions, advantages, applications and generations of computers. It defines a computer as a device that accepts data as input, processes it, and generates output. Computers provide benefits like speed, accuracy, storage capacity, reliability and the ability to automate tasks. They are used widely in various fields such as business, banking, education, engineering and more. The document also covers computer languages and the five generations of computers from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits.
This document provides an introduction to information technology. It discusses key topics such as defining IT, the applications of IT, and different categories of computers. IT is defined as using computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. The applications of IT are discussed in various fields such as finance, education, government, healthcare, science, publishing, and travel. The different categories of computers explained include supercomputers, mainframes, personal computers, mobile computers, mobile devices, and embedded computers. Their characteristics and capabilities related to physical size, speed, and storage are also compared.
Overview of most areas that you need to know for the AS exam. Some small areas are not included - one being: what's needed to make a network - but nearly everything else is there.
Computer Defined, Features of a Modern Digital Computer, Application areas of Computers, Evolution of Computers, Building Blocks, Representation of Data, Number Systems, Computer Software, Computer Networks, Internet and WWW, Email
This document provides an overview of basic information technology concepts including what IT is, common uses of computers and IT, hardware and software components, networking, the internet, cloud computing, and careers in IT. Specifically, it defines IT as the development, maintenance and use of computer systems and networks for processing and distributing data. It lists several common uses of IT in education, business, healthcare, entertainment and government. It also describes basic hardware, software, networking and internet components. Finally, it outlines several common IT careers such as web developer, network administrator, data analyst and IT manager.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and their impact on society. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and ports. It describes different types of computers such as mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and supercomputers. It outlines the benefits of computers in improving accuracy, speed, and access to information for organizations and individuals. Finally, it discusses the role of computers in various aspects of society like education, business, healthcare, government, and how they have changed work and leisure activities.
This document provides an overview of computer systems and their impact on society. It discusses the basic components of a computer including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, and ports. It describes different types of computers such as mainframes, minicomputers, microcomputers, and supercomputers. It outlines the benefits of computers in improving accuracy, speed, and access to information for organizations and individuals. Finally, it discusses the role of computers in various aspects of society like education, business, healthcare, government, and how they have changed work and leisure activities.
A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to stored instructions. It has hardware components like an input device, output device, system unit, storage device, and communications device. There are advantages like speed and reliability, but also disadvantages such as health risks and environmental impact. Computers connect to networks and the internet for communication, research, and entertainment. Different types of computers include personal computers, mobile devices, servers, mainframes, and embedded computers used in various applications to benefit society.
Fundamentals of computer and information system(unit 1)SURBHI SAROHA
This document provides an overview of fundamentals of computer and information systems. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can store, process, and arrange information to produce outputs. The document then discusses characteristics of computers like speed, accuracy, versatility, and reliability. It outlines advantages such as multitasking, speed, data storage capacity, and accuracy. Limitations including viruses, cybercrimes, environmental impacts, and health issues are also summarized. The document categorizes types of computers as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, and personal computers. It concludes by listing applications of computers in fields like banking, education, industries, entertainment, hospitals, and data processing.
The document provides an overview of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It discusses key concepts such as how ICT refers to the merging of computing and high-speed communication technologies to transmit data, sound, and video. Examples are given of common ICT components like computers, telephones, televisions, and handheld devices. The basics of computer systems and their components such as the system unit, motherboard, CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output mechanisms are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the course "Computers for Managers" including:
- The course code, credit units, and examination scheme which includes internals worth 30% and an end term exam worth 70% for a total of 100%.
- The course contents are divided into 6 modules covering topics such as computer networks, internet technology, e-commerce, ERP, DBMS, and office automation.
- Module 1 provides an introduction to the world of computers including their structure, uses in home, education, workplace, and on mobile devices across computer generations and types.
This document provides an introduction to information technology. It defines information and technology, then defines information technology as any technology that helps produce, manipulate, store, or communicate information. It discusses the different parts of information technology, including computer technology and communication technology. It also describes computers, their basic components and operations, as well as types of computers like analog and digital. The document outlines the purposes and uses of computers in areas like science, business, education, and government. Finally, it defines management information systems (MIS) as computer-based systems that provide managers with tools to efficiently manage organizations.
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in Lecture 1 of the ACCE 2204 Fundamentals of Computer Science and Engineering course. The lecture includes sections on the parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It also covers the history of computer generations from first to fifth generation and classifications of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. The document recommends books for the course and outlines the distribution of marks for assessments.
1) The document proposes an IoT-based home automation system that monitors environmental conditions, controls devices, and detects and corrects faults automatically.
2) It collects sensor data to understand the environment and detect device issues. A home PC monitors sensors and controls devices, reporting problems to the cloud server.
3) The cloud server applies data mining to notify the appropriate technician via SMS/email when issues arise based on registered service providers. This allows for flexible, energy efficient home automation with self-learning capabilities.
This chapter introduces distributed systems as systems composed of independent computers that appear to their users as a single coherent system. It discusses how distributed systems developed from early networks of interconnected computers and how their design presents new challenges around concurrency, lack of a shared clock, and independent failures of system components. The chapter establishes distributed systems as the focus of the book.
This document discusses ad-hoc and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It defines an ad-hoc network as a wireless local area network where devices are part of the network only during communication sessions. A MANET is defined as a self-configuring network of mobile routers connected by wireless links. The document outlines the network architecture of MANETs and discusses applications, characteristics, requirements, and challenges of routing in these networks. It describes different types of routing protocols for MANETs including proactive, reactive, table-driven, and hybrid protocols.
The document discusses 10 myths and misconceptions about development communication. It addresses misunderstandings that can lead to ineffective use of communication concepts and practices. Specifically, it notes that (1) communications and communication are not the same, (2) there is a difference between everyday and professional communication, and (3) development communication is different from other types of communication both theoretically and practically. It emphasizes that communication specialists need in-depth knowledge of theory and practice to be effective in their work.
The document discusses three major development paradigms - modernization, dependency, and multiplicity/another development - and how they have shaped communication practices. The modernization and dependency paradigms employed top-down, one-way communication approaches like diffusion models. The multiplicity paradigm uses participatory, two-way approaches like Berrigan's methodology, which emphasizes interaction and participation of stakeholders like target audiences. The source's development concept determines the communication practices used and impacts the graphic encoder's role of mediating between the source and audience.
This document provides an outline for a course on research methodology and scientific writing. The course covers topics such as introduction to scientific research, scientific writing methods, use of chemical literature, research methods, preparing scientific papers and presentations, and evaluating scientific papers. It defines science and research, and discusses the objectives, characteristics, assumptions, and types of scientific research such as quantitative vs qualitative and descriptive vs explanatory. It also outlines the basic steps of the scientific method including observation, developing hypotheses, experimentation, analysis and drawing conclusions.
Students will learn about data, information, technology and sources of information. They will understand the differences between computer generations and recognize types of computers used today. The unit will cover how data is processed into information, the evolution of computers from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits, and types of computers including supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers and personal computers.
The document discusses various methods of student assessment in secondary education. It describes three main types of assessment: diagnostic to identify student knowledge and skills, formative to provide feedback during learning, and summative to evaluate learning after instruction. Several assessment methods are outlined for each type, including tests, exams, observations, homework, projects and portfolios. The document also covers preparing assessment materials, analyzing student results, and scheduling assessments.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. 1. Introduction
Definition of ICT
• ICT – Information and Communication
Technology
• It is a merger of two technologies:
– Information Technology – storage and processing of
data using computers.
– Communication Technology – high speed transmission
of data (messages).
• ICT also refers to the merger of audio-visual
and telephone networks with computer
networks through a single cabling or link.
2
3. Components of ICT
• ICT refers to technologies that provide access to
information through telecommunications
• It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but
focuses primarily on communication
technologies. This includes the Internet,
wireless networks, cell phones, and other
communication media.
4. Data vs Information
• One of the primary goals of information systems
is to economically process data into information
and knowledge
• Data items refer to an elementary description of
things, events, activities, and transactions that
are recorded, classified, and stored but are not
organized to convey any specific meaning. Can be
numbers, letters, figures, sounds, or images.
• Information refers to data that have been
organized so that they have meaning and value to
the recipient.
5. Data vs Information
• Knowledge consists of data and/or information
that have been organized and processed to
convey understanding, experience, accumulated
learning, and expertise as they apply to a current
business problem. For example, a company
recruiting at your school Based on its experience,
that company may decide to interview only those
students with GPAs over 3.0. Organizational
knowledge, which reflects the experience and
expertise of many people, has great value to all
employees.
6. Characteristics of Valuable
Information
• All the information is not helpful to a business or
an organization. What are the main features of a
good quality information in a business or an
organization?
– Relevant
– Up-to-date
– Accurate
– Meet the needs of the user
– Easy to use and understand
– Worth the cost
7. Characteristics of Valuable
Information
• In order for information to be valuable, it must have the following
characteristics:
1. Accurate. Accurate information is free from error.
2. Complete. Complete information contains all of the important facts.
3. Economical. Information should be relatively inexpensive to
produce.
4. Flexible. Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes,
not just one.
5. Reliable. Reliable information is dependable information.
6. Relevant. Relevant information is important to the decision-maker.
7. Simple. Information should be simple to find and understand.
8. Timely. Timely information is readily available when needed.
9. Verifiable. Verifiable information can be checked to make sure it is
accurate.
8. Types of Computers
Computers are classified based on different
criteria:
• Based on their purposes:
– General-purpose – used for a variety of tasks
• E.g. the PCs in wide use in our labs and Internet cafés
– Special-purpose – perform specific tasks.
• E.g a computer that guides a missile
8
9. Types of Computers (cont’d)
• Based on the data they handle:
–Analog computers process analog data.
• By analog, we mean continuously varying quantity.
– Digital computers process digital data.
• Digital data assume one of two values, 1 (high) or 0
(low).
–Hybrid computers exhibit features of analog
and digital computers.
9
10. Types of Computers (cont’d)
Based on the size or function
• Super computers
– Most powerful and expensive
– Used for problems requiring complex
operations (e.g. tracking spaceship, weather)
• Mainframe computers
– Capable of great processing speeds and data
storage
– Not as powerful as supercomputers
– Housed in special rooms with special power
and environmental control.
– They are used as e-commerce servers
handling transactions over the Internet
10
11. Types of Computers (cont’d)
• Minicomputers
– Known as midrange computers
– Medium-size companies
– Used by departments of large
companies
• Microcomputers
– Least powerful
– Widely used
– Four types
• Desktop
• Notebook or laptop
• Tablet PC
• Handheld
11
12. Characteristics of computers
A computers has the following characteristics:
– It is automatic
– It is extremely fast
– It is highly accurate
– It is diligent
– It is highly versatile
– It has high power of remembering
– It has no IQ
– It has no feeling
12
13. Application Areas of Computers
• Computers are applied in almost all areas, including:
– Business – E.g. payroll calculations, sales analysis, financial
forecasting, managing employees database, etc.)
– Banking – E.g. likeonline accounting facility, ATM machines, etc)
– Insurance - to maintain a database of all clients with information
showing procedure to continue with policies, starting date of the
policies, next due installment of a policy, maturity date, interests
due, survival benefits, bonus, etc.
– Education – E.g. Computer Based Education, which involves
control, delivery, and evaluation of learning; assisting in
searching information.
– Marketing – E.g. advertising, home shopping, etc.
– Health Care – E.g. diagnostic system, patient-monitoring system,
pharma information system, surgery, etc.
13
14. Application Areas of Computers
(Cont’d)
– Engineering Design – Examples include:
• Structural Engineering - stress and strain analysis for design of
ships, buildings, bridges, airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering - design, implementation and improvement
of integrated systems of people, materials and equipments.
• Architectural Engineering - planning towns, designing buildings,
determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D
drawings.
– Military – e.g. missile control, military communication,
military operation and planning, smart weapons, etc.
– Communication – E.g. E-mail, Chatting, FTP, Telnet, Video-
conferencing, etc.
– Government - E.g. Budgets, Sales tax, Income tax,
Male/Female ratio, Computerization of voters lists,
Computerization of driving licensing system,
Computerization of PAN card, Weather forecasting, etc.14
15. 3. The Computer System
• A complete computer system includes four
distinct parts: Hardware, Software, Data and
Users.
• Data – raw facts to be processed by computer.
– Includes numbers, text, images, audio or video
– All data are represented as strings of bits.
– Data is processed to produce information.
• Users – people operating the computers.
Computer System Components
15
16. Computer System Components (cont’d)
• Hardware – Physical components that you can
touch or feel. It consists of:
– The system unit which houses the motherboard,
microprocessor, power supply, memory, etc.
– The keyboard, monitor, and mouse.
– Other peripheral devices like printer, digital
camera, scanner, LCD projector, etc.
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17. Computer System Components (cont’d)
• Software or program is a set of detailed
instructions that tell the computer what to do.
– A software may come in different media, but at
the time of running, it is loaded onto memory.
– A processor fetches an instruction from memory,
decodes it and then executes the required
operation.
– When an instruction has been executed the next
instruction is fetched, decoded and executed, etc.
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18. 7. The Internet
– Global Interconnection of networks and computers
– No owner of Internet; only standards bodies
– Internet access is through ISP (Internet Service
Provider)
– Internet access technologies include:
• Non-permanent (dial-up) connection
– Uses MODEM and telephone lines
• Permanent – connection, which includes:
– DSL (digital subscriber line – using telephone lines)
– Coaxial cable
– Fiber-optic
– Wireless
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19. The Internet (cont’d)
• To establish dial-up connection, you need:
– An account with an ISP
– A telephone connection
– Modem (MOdulator/DEModulator)
– Communication software (e.g. Internet browsers such
as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox)
• Advantages of dial-up connection:
– Is not costly to connect
– It flexible
– Small monthly payment
• Disadvantage
– Low speed and connection set-up time
19
20. The Internet (cont’d)
• Advantages of the permanent connection
– Faster speed
– Fixed monthly payment
• Disadvantages of the permanent connection
– Higher cost than dial-up
– Not flexible, except for the wireless
20
21. BASICS OF PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE
• A computer may hang; send error messages, or
worse, no longer work at all.
• If you know how to troubleshoot problems
related to a computer, you can save hundreds or
even thousands of Birrs.
Environment and Location of a Computer
• Computer is a very sensitive device and needs to
be placed very carefully.
• you must take into consideration that dust-free
environment and proper location are maintained
for it.
22. BASICS OF PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE
• You must take care of the following:
– Always place your computer in an open area that
allows adequate airflow.
– Keep the computer in a cool, dry and dust-free
environment.
– Keep level, stable floors and tables.
– Arrange ergonomic furniture.
– Keep precautionary fire prevention equipment.
– Must have static electricity.
– Keep the computer safe from vibrations.
23. BASICS OF PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE
Electric Power
• it can harm a PC or its data if it does not flow properly.
• Let us understand some of the causes of power
problems.
– A brownout occurs when the supply of electricity drops
dramatically
– Blackouts occur when power goes out completely.
– Power spikes or power surges occur when the voltage on
your power line rises suddenly to above-normal levels,
Power spikes are extremely dangerous and can destroy PCs,
monitors, and any other component plugged into the
affected power line.
– Lightning storms are an underrated hazard.
24. Backup Methods
• There are different methods for backing up data
stored in files. Some of the best and most secure
methods are:
– External hard drives
– Flash drives/USB thumb drives
– Remote data storage via the Internet
– CD/DVD-ROMs
Manual
• Update anti-virus program
• Back-up hard drive
• Test electrical surge protector
25. Using Utility Programs
• Backup
• Data-recovery
• Virus protection
• Data compression
Improving Hard Disk Performance
• The following steps will help you to improve hard disk performance:
– (i) Remove duplicate files from hard disk.
– (ii) Remove temporary files.
– (iii) Hive off the non-essential files.
– (a) Find large files occupying your disk space.
– (b) Store all these files online.
– (iv) Defragment hard disk.
– (v) Detect and repair disk errors.
26. To keep your computer running smoothly and
to ensure that it has a long and productive life,
follow the following tips.
• Keeping your system free of dust, dirt and
liquids.
– Never spray your monitor screen with glass
cleaner. Instead, spray a lint-free cloth lightly
with glass cleaner, and then clean the screen.
– Clean keyboards, computer case vents, or
around disk drive openings using canned air or
small computer-specific vacuum cleaners.
Computer Care and Safety
26
27. –Clean the rubber ball inside the bottom of a
mouse occasionally.
–Never try to remove the cover on your
computer to clean inside. Instead, take it to
an authorized service technician for
cleaning.
–Keep all liquids and food items away from
your computer.
–Wipe off the keyboard keys with a soft cloth
dampened with rubbing alcohol.
Computer Care and Safety (Cont’d)
27
28. • Keep the computer away from heat sources
(like radiators and heat registers).
• Never use your computer during a storm. Also
use surge arresters.
• Protect your computer from viruses/worms.
– Install, use and regularly update virus software
– Never open an email attachment unless you know
and trust the person who sent it.
– Do not accept downloads from Internet sites that
you don't know and trust.
Computer Care and Safety (Cont’d)
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29. • Avoid installing several programs one right
after the other.
– try installing one program, then use your
computer long enough to see how your system
responds to the installation before loading the
next program.
• Keep CDs away from dust, liquids, or other
damaging or corrosive substances.
– If you have problems with CDs, buy a CD
cleaner and read the instructions carefully.
Computer Care and Safety (Cont’d)
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