This slide contains an introduction to computers, it's types, it's components, notes on important applications, notes on the types of computers in today's world, notes on Network, Intranet and Internet!
Additionally containts note on MS Office tools, Photoshop, Programming Languages, Browsers, Search Engines, etc.
Hope it finds use to you!
This slide was prepared by Rohit Pant.
All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, operations, characteristics, hardware, software, and the difference between hardware and software. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, stores and manipulates data according to instructions, and can store, retrieve, and process information. Computers perform four main operations - input, processing, storage, and output. Characteristics include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, versatility, reliability, communication abilities, multi-tasking capability, automation, and ability to reduce costs. Computer hardware refers to physical components while software refers to programs and procedures that perform tasks.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data into useful information. It notes that Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers for his work on the analytical engine in 1834. The document then discusses the main types of computers as analog, hybrid, and digital. It also categorizes computers by size as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers and by function as servers, workstations, information appliances, and embedded computers. In closing, it thanks the audience.
This document classifies computers into different types based on their functionality and size. It discusses digital computers, analog computers, and hybrid computers. It also describes special purpose computers designed for specific tasks and general purpose computers that can be used for many applications. Finally, it categorizes computers by size into embedded systems, programmable computers, laptops, personal computers, workstations, mainframes, and supercomputers.
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses computers by size (microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, supercomputers), by function (servers, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers), and by analog/digital qualities (analog, digital, hybrid). Each type is defined and examples are provided. For instance, it notes that analog computers use continuous voltages to represent values while digital computers use discrete 0s and 1s, and hybrid computers combine both approaches.
This document provides an introduction and overview of basic computer concepts for a computer essentials course. It defines what a computer is, explaining that computers follow user instructions quickly as calculators. It also defines the components of a computer system and differences between hardware and software. Key concepts covered in 3 sentences or less include:
Computers consist of physical hardware that executes software instructions to perform tasks. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice and output devices like monitors and printers. Memory and storage devices are also explained as important components for running programs and saving files.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, and uses. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data, and produce information as output based on stored instructions. The key components are identified as the input devices, central processing unit, memory, output devices, and storage devices. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while monitors and printers are identified as common output devices. The document then discusses the various types of computers from microcomputers to mainframes and supercomputers as well as their characteristics and uses.
The document discusses several key components of a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) as the brain of the computer and explains that CPU speed is measured in GHz, with higher speeds allowing more data to be processed. It also discusses different types of memory like ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, and RAM (including SDRAM and DDR). The document outlines internal storage devices like hard disk drives, describing technologies like SATA, PATA, and SSD. It also covers adapter cards, motherboards, and other essential computer parts.
All types of computer including general and special purpose, Analog,digital, hybrid, microcomputer, minicomputer, mainframe computer and super computer.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, operations, characteristics, hardware, software, and the difference between hardware and software. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, stores and manipulates data according to instructions, and can store, retrieve, and process information. Computers perform four main operations - input, processing, storage, and output. Characteristics include speed, accuracy, storage capacity, versatility, reliability, communication abilities, multi-tasking capability, automation, and ability to reduce costs. Computer hardware refers to physical components while software refers to programs and procedures that perform tasks.
The document defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data into useful information. It notes that Charles Babbage is considered the father of computers for his work on the analytical engine in 1834. The document then discusses the main types of computers as analog, hybrid, and digital. It also categorizes computers by size as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers and by function as servers, workstations, information appliances, and embedded computers. In closing, it thanks the audience.
This document classifies computers into different types based on their functionality and size. It discusses digital computers, analog computers, and hybrid computers. It also describes special purpose computers designed for specific tasks and general purpose computers that can be used for many applications. Finally, it categorizes computers by size into embedded systems, programmable computers, laptops, personal computers, workstations, mainframes, and supercomputers.
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses computers by size (microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, supercomputers), by function (servers, workstations, information appliances, embedded computers), and by analog/digital qualities (analog, digital, hybrid). Each type is defined and examples are provided. For instance, it notes that analog computers use continuous voltages to represent values while digital computers use discrete 0s and 1s, and hybrid computers combine both approaches.
This document provides an introduction and overview of basic computer concepts for a computer essentials course. It defines what a computer is, explaining that computers follow user instructions quickly as calculators. It also defines the components of a computer system and differences between hardware and software. Key concepts covered in 3 sentences or less include:
Computers consist of physical hardware that executes software instructions to perform tasks. Hardware includes input devices like keyboards and mice and output devices like monitors and printers. Memory and storage devices are also explained as important components for running programs and saving files.
The document provides an introduction to computers including definitions, components, and uses. It defines a computer as an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data, and produce information as output based on stored instructions. The key components are identified as the input devices, central processing unit, memory, output devices, and storage devices. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners, while monitors and printers are identified as common output devices. The document then discusses the various types of computers from microcomputers to mainframes and supercomputers as well as their characteristics and uses.
The document discusses several key components of a computer system. It describes the central processing unit (CPU) as the brain of the computer and explains that CPU speed is measured in GHz, with higher speeds allowing more data to be processed. It also discusses different types of memory like ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, and RAM (including SDRAM and DDR). The document outlines internal storage devices like hard disk drives, describing technologies like SATA, PATA, and SSD. It also covers adapter cards, motherboards, and other essential computer parts.
Mainframe computers are extremely large and powerful machines that can process large amounts of data quickly. They contain multiple fast processors that can either work together on shared tasks or separately on individual tasks. Mainframe computers have large memory capacities of several terabytes and use hard disk packs and tape backups for data storage. Users connect to mainframes through dumb terminals with no local processing or memory.
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses analog computers, digital computers, and hybrid computers. It then focuses on classifications of microcomputers like home computers, personal computers, mini computers, laptop computers, mainframe computers, super computers, wearable computers, and palm computers. For each type of computer, it provides a brief description of its key features and examples. The overall document aims to provide an overview of how computers can be classified according to their size and logical functions.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
This is a short presentation about the basic of computer so that students will understand the hardware and software and how computer is used in our daily life.
1. The document discusses the three main components of a computer system: hardware, software, and peopleware.
2. It provides detailed descriptions of operating systems, application software, input devices, storage devices, output devices, and other hardware components that make up a computer system.
3. The document categorizes and lists examples of various types of software, hardware components, operating systems, and other parts that comprise the overall computer system.
nicely view , types of computer know information and lots of picture in computers and parts of fields.
here three category divide to know computer struture .
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses analog computers, which provide continuous outputs based on physical inputs like temperature or pressure. It then covers digital computers, which represent inputs and outputs numerically. Microcomputers are the smallest systems, including PCs, notebooks, and tablets. Mini computers are multi-user systems less powerful than mainframes. Mainframes offer high-speed processing and storage and function as central servers. Supercomputers, the most powerful and expensive, contain multiple parallel CPUs for tasks like weather modeling. The document also categorizes different forms of digital computers like desktops, workstations, notebooks, tablets, handhelds, and smartphones.
This document discusses different types of computer hardware. It describes internal hardware components like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, and ROM. It also discusses input hardware like keyboards and mice, output hardware like monitors and printers, connecting hardware such as modems and LAN cards, and storage hardware including hard disks, floppy disks, and CD-ROMs. Each type of hardware is defined and examples are provided.
Main types of computers include mainframe computers, used by large organizations for critical applications; supercomputers, used for processing-intensive tasks like modeling; and minicomputers, between mainframes and microcomputers. Microcomputers are single-user systems like PDAs, laptops, desktops, and Macintosh computers. Input devices include keyboards, mice, touchpads, game controllers, touch screens, scanners, cameras, and sensors. Output devices display and print data, like monitors, printers, projectors, voice synthesizers, and braille translators. Factors affecting computer performance are software, drivers, network speed, disk space, and processor speed and memory. Computers must be protected from environmental hazards, theft
Computer science involves developing software and hardware that is used across many industries to streamline processes, increase security, and more. The field is important because computers are now integral parts of companies and daily life. Computer scientists work on programs, apps, games, and modeling that impact websites, smartphones, manufacturing, economics and government. Studying computer science offers a high paying job outlook, with average salaries for graduates around $59,221 according to CNN Money. Those interested should enjoy working with computers logically, in teams, and across industries.
1. There are four main types of computers: analog computers, digital computers, hybrid computers, and micro computers.
2. Analog computers represent variables continuously with physical quantities and solve problems based on things like flow and voltage. They provide fast, approximate results but are only for special purposes.
3. Digital computers represent variables with digits and use arithmetic and logic to reach conclusions. Hybrid computers combine aspects of analog and digital computers for applications like process control requiring a close physical representation.
This document provides an introduction to computer software and operating systems. It defines system software and application software, and gives examples of each. It also defines operating systems and discusses their major functions, including controlling hardware and software, user authentication, file and memory management. Popular operating systems are discussed like Windows, iOS, Linux, and Android. The document contrasts character user interfaces with graphical user interfaces and provides examples of each type. In closing, it lists references used in the content.
Introduction to computing, Analog Computers, Hybrid computers, TYPES OF COMPUTER, Parts of the Computer ,
Software, Hardware, data, Users, Input and output devices,
A computer is a calculating device that can input, process, store, and retrieve vast amounts of data at incredible speeds and with perfect accuracy. It has characteristics such as speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and a powerful ability to remember information without limit. However, a computer lacks intelligence, feelings, and independent thinking - it can only perform tasks based on human instructions.
This document provides a summary of basic computer concepts. It discusses what a computer is, the differences between computers and calculators, and Charles Babbage being considered the father of computers. It also outlines the key characteristics of computers, the different generations of computers, and classifications of computers such as digital, analog, and hybrid. The document concludes with discussing basic computer operations, common input and output devices, storage devices, and how characters are represented in memory.
Cs100 lec 3 (1 day) hardware types of computerJhÜvs Laganson
Computers range in size and ability, from small portable devices like tablets and phones to large stationary machines. There are four main types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Microcomputers are the most common and include personal computers and laptops. They are designed for individual use for tasks like word processing. Supercomputers are the most powerful and are used for specialized scientific calculations requiring immense processing power.
Are you Insearchfor Best Computer Centre in Ambala? Now you search is end here. Batra Computer Centre is an ISO certified Centre. We provide you best training in Basic Computer, HTML, PHP, C & C++ languages and so many other courses are avaible here.
A computer is an electronic device that receives user input and outputs information. It has both hardware and software components. The hardware refers to the physical and visible parts of the computer, while software includes programs and instructions used to operate the computer. A computer has many advantages such as speed, accuracy, reliability, memory, logical reasoning, versatility, and powerful data storage capabilities. It can perform calculations quickly and precisely, work continuously for long periods, and store unlimited amounts of data that can be retrieved over many years.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
This file contains complete information about computer Architecture.
1. What is a computer.
2. Types of computers
3. Block Diagram of Computer.
4 . Processor, Memory
5. Computer Generati
Mainframe computers are extremely large and powerful machines that can process large amounts of data quickly. They contain multiple fast processors that can either work together on shared tasks or separately on individual tasks. Mainframe computers have large memory capacities of several terabytes and use hard disk packs and tape backups for data storage. Users connect to mainframes through dumb terminals with no local processing or memory.
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses analog computers, digital computers, and hybrid computers. It then focuses on classifications of microcomputers like home computers, personal computers, mini computers, laptop computers, mainframe computers, super computers, wearable computers, and palm computers. For each type of computer, it provides a brief description of its key features and examples. The overall document aims to provide an overview of how computers can be classified according to their size and logical functions.
Computer System and Its Components
- Motherboard
- CPU
- Difference GUI And CUI
Characteristics Of Computer
- Block diagram of computer
- Input unit
- Output unit
- Memory unit
TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY (RAM and ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Difference between DRAM and SRAM
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
OTHER TYPES OF MEMORY
- Cache memory
- Sequential Access Memory
- Random access memory
- Classification Of Memory
Control Unit
ALU
Input / Output function and characteristics
Memory – RAM ROM and other types of memory
Storage fundamentals – primary vs secondary data storage
This is a short presentation about the basic of computer so that students will understand the hardware and software and how computer is used in our daily life.
1. The document discusses the three main components of a computer system: hardware, software, and peopleware.
2. It provides detailed descriptions of operating systems, application software, input devices, storage devices, output devices, and other hardware components that make up a computer system.
3. The document categorizes and lists examples of various types of software, hardware components, operating systems, and other parts that comprise the overall computer system.
nicely view , types of computer know information and lots of picture in computers and parts of fields.
here three category divide to know computer struture .
This document classifies and describes different types of computers. It discusses analog computers, which provide continuous outputs based on physical inputs like temperature or pressure. It then covers digital computers, which represent inputs and outputs numerically. Microcomputers are the smallest systems, including PCs, notebooks, and tablets. Mini computers are multi-user systems less powerful than mainframes. Mainframes offer high-speed processing and storage and function as central servers. Supercomputers, the most powerful and expensive, contain multiple parallel CPUs for tasks like weather modeling. The document also categorizes different forms of digital computers like desktops, workstations, notebooks, tablets, handhelds, and smartphones.
This document discusses different types of computer hardware. It describes internal hardware components like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, and ROM. It also discusses input hardware like keyboards and mice, output hardware like monitors and printers, connecting hardware such as modems and LAN cards, and storage hardware including hard disks, floppy disks, and CD-ROMs. Each type of hardware is defined and examples are provided.
Main types of computers include mainframe computers, used by large organizations for critical applications; supercomputers, used for processing-intensive tasks like modeling; and minicomputers, between mainframes and microcomputers. Microcomputers are single-user systems like PDAs, laptops, desktops, and Macintosh computers. Input devices include keyboards, mice, touchpads, game controllers, touch screens, scanners, cameras, and sensors. Output devices display and print data, like monitors, printers, projectors, voice synthesizers, and braille translators. Factors affecting computer performance are software, drivers, network speed, disk space, and processor speed and memory. Computers must be protected from environmental hazards, theft
Computer science involves developing software and hardware that is used across many industries to streamline processes, increase security, and more. The field is important because computers are now integral parts of companies and daily life. Computer scientists work on programs, apps, games, and modeling that impact websites, smartphones, manufacturing, economics and government. Studying computer science offers a high paying job outlook, with average salaries for graduates around $59,221 according to CNN Money. Those interested should enjoy working with computers logically, in teams, and across industries.
1. There are four main types of computers: analog computers, digital computers, hybrid computers, and micro computers.
2. Analog computers represent variables continuously with physical quantities and solve problems based on things like flow and voltage. They provide fast, approximate results but are only for special purposes.
3. Digital computers represent variables with digits and use arithmetic and logic to reach conclusions. Hybrid computers combine aspects of analog and digital computers for applications like process control requiring a close physical representation.
This document provides an introduction to computer software and operating systems. It defines system software and application software, and gives examples of each. It also defines operating systems and discusses their major functions, including controlling hardware and software, user authentication, file and memory management. Popular operating systems are discussed like Windows, iOS, Linux, and Android. The document contrasts character user interfaces with graphical user interfaces and provides examples of each type. In closing, it lists references used in the content.
Introduction to computing, Analog Computers, Hybrid computers, TYPES OF COMPUTER, Parts of the Computer ,
Software, Hardware, data, Users, Input and output devices,
A computer is a calculating device that can input, process, store, and retrieve vast amounts of data at incredible speeds and with perfect accuracy. It has characteristics such as speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and a powerful ability to remember information without limit. However, a computer lacks intelligence, feelings, and independent thinking - it can only perform tasks based on human instructions.
This document provides a summary of basic computer concepts. It discusses what a computer is, the differences between computers and calculators, and Charles Babbage being considered the father of computers. It also outlines the key characteristics of computers, the different generations of computers, and classifications of computers such as digital, analog, and hybrid. The document concludes with discussing basic computer operations, common input and output devices, storage devices, and how characters are represented in memory.
Cs100 lec 3 (1 day) hardware types of computerJhÜvs Laganson
Computers range in size and ability, from small portable devices like tablets and phones to large stationary machines. There are four main types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers. Microcomputers are the most common and include personal computers and laptops. They are designed for individual use for tasks like word processing. Supercomputers are the most powerful and are used for specialized scientific calculations requiring immense processing power.
Are you Insearchfor Best Computer Centre in Ambala? Now you search is end here. Batra Computer Centre is an ISO certified Centre. We provide you best training in Basic Computer, HTML, PHP, C & C++ languages and so many other courses are avaible here.
A computer is an electronic device that receives user input and outputs information. It has both hardware and software components. The hardware refers to the physical and visible parts of the computer, while software includes programs and instructions used to operate the computer. A computer has many advantages such as speed, accuracy, reliability, memory, logical reasoning, versatility, and powerful data storage capabilities. It can perform calculations quickly and precisely, work continuously for long periods, and store unlimited amounts of data that can be retrieved over many years.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
This file contains complete information about computer Architecture.
1. What is a computer.
2. Types of computers
3. Block Diagram of Computer.
4 . Processor, Memory
5. Computer Generati
computer catagory and its organizationSheikh Salam
The document provides information on computer organization and architecture. It discusses the basic characteristics of computers such as speed, accuracy, reliability, versatility, and others. It also covers the classification of computers according to functionality, purpose, and size. The key structural components of a computer are described as the central processing unit (CPU), main memory, input/output (I/O), and interconnect system. The CPU contains a control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and registers. Computer organization refers to how the operational units are interconnected, while computer architecture describes the attributes visible to programmers.
Connecting Hardware Peripherals Level 1 Ver 2 - Copy.pdfEYOHAICTMEDIA
The document provides an overview of computer hardware, software, classifications, and connectivity devices. It defines a computer and describes its key features. It then discusses computer hardware and software, categorizing hardware as internal or external and describing common software types. The document classifies computers based on size and capacity, purpose, and hardware design. It also defines and provides examples of common peripheral devices for input, output, storage, and connectivity. In closing, it outlines various port types for connecting peripheral devices to computers.
Here are the steps to execute the Add LOCA,R0 instruction:
1. Transfer the contents of register PC (which contains the address INSTR) to register MAR.
2. Issue a Read command to memory, and wait for the instruction to be transferred from the addressed location to register MDR.
3. Transfer the instruction from MDR into IR to decode it.
4. Transfer the address LOCA specified in the instruction from IR to MAR.
5. Issue a Read command and wait for the operand at address LOCA to be transferred from memory to register MDR.
6. Transfer the contents of register MDR to the ALU.
7. Transfer the contents of register R0
The document provides an introduction to computers, including their definition, history, hardware components, software types, and basic functions. It describes how computers accept user input, process it using programs, and produce output in the form of information. The document also summarizes the main components of a computer, including input, storage, processing, and output devices. It discusses operating systems like DOS and Windows, and different types of computers such as supercomputers, laptops, mainframes, and microcomputers.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to stored instructions, and provide output. It consists of hardware and software components. The hardware includes the physical parts like the central processing unit, memory, storage, ports, and input/output devices. Software provides instructions to tell the hardware what to do. There are different types of computers classified by usage, size, and purpose. When selecting a personal computer, factors to consider include intended use, budget, needed processing power and storage, and compatibility with desired software and peripherals.
A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output. It responds to specific instructions and can execute prerecorded lists of instructions (programs). All computers require hardware components like memory, mass storage devices, input devices, output devices, and a central processing unit (CPU). Computers can be classified based on their capabilities as personal computers, portable computers, servers, embedded computers, and supercomputers/mainframes.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including how they work and their key characteristics. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. It then describes the main components of a computer and how data is processed. The document outlines the main characteristics of computers as being fast, accurate, having large memory and storage, being diligent and versatile. It also categorizes the different types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid and provides examples of each type. Finally, it classifies computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers and describes the defining features of each.
This document provides an overview of information technology concepts. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes, which are to understand basic computer operations, memory, storage, information systems terminology, and more. It then introduces computers and their widespread use before defining a computer as a programmable machine that processes data. The document describes different types of computers and their uses. It also explains concepts like data representation, the four basic computer operations of input, processing, storage, and output. Finally, it discusses system units, information systems and their elements, and storage technologies like RAM, hard disks, and solid state drives.
The document provides an overview of computers including:
1. Computers accept input, process data, store data, and produce output. They are electronic devices that can perform calculations quickly and accurately.
2. Computers have large memory, can be programmed for different tasks, and never get confused or tired like humans.
3. There are two main types of computers - analog and digital. Digital computers are now more common and represent data using binary numbers.
The document provides an overview of computers including:
1. Computers accept input, process data, store data, and produce output. They are electronic devices that can perform calculations quickly and accurately.
2. Computers have large memory, can be programmed for different tasks, and never get confused or tired like humans.
3. There are two main types of computers - analog and digital. Digital computers are now more common and represent data using binary numbers.
This document provides information about computers and their components. It defines a computer as a machine that manipulates data according to programmed instructions. It then describes different types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, PCs and laptops. It explains the components of a computer like the CPU, memory, ALU, input/output devices and control circuitry. It also discusses computer software, applications, operating systems and programming languages. Finally, it outlines the major internal and external hardware components of a personal computer.
Computers can perform a variety of tasks and are present in many fields. A computer is a programmable electronic device that takes in data as input, processes it, and provides output. It has various hardware components like a central processing unit (CPU) and memory. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit and control unit and works with various input/output devices. Computers are fast, accurate, reliable, versatile and can store vast amounts of data. They are classified by size into supercomputers, mainframes, microcomputers, minicomputers, and workstations.
This document discusses the classification of computers based on their purpose, size, and data handling capabilities. It describes different types of computers including general purpose computers, specific purpose computers, analog computers, digital computers, hybrid computers, microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It provides examples of the world's fastest supercomputers and lists the top 10 computer manufacturers as of 2019.
The document provides an introduction to the basic concepts of computers including defining a computer, describing common computer hardware components like the CPU, memory, and storage devices, and explaining different types of computer software like operating systems, programming software, and applications. It also classifies computers by size from supercomputers to personal digital assistants and provides examples of common computer hardware and software components.
The document provides information about Sourav, who is enrolled in batch Noida (238) with registration number NRO0476945. It then discusses various topics related to computer fundamentals, including definitions of a computer, its basic operations of input, processing, output and storage. It describes the elements that make up the computing process including hardware, software, data, people and procedures. It also provides classifications of different types of computers like supercomputers, mainframe computers, mini computers and microcomputers. Finally, it discusses classifications of computer memory into primary and secondary memory.
This document discusses computer parts and functions. It begins by identifying the main parts of a computer system including the motherboard, CPU, memory, ports, and expansion slots. It then categorizes computers based on size and functionality, such as mainframes, servers, desktops, and laptops. The document also identifies and describes the functions of common computer hardware including input devices like keyboards and mice, storage devices like hard drives, and output devices like monitors and printers. It provides examples of different types within each hardware category.
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR - Slides Onl...Peter Gallagher
In this session delivered at Leeds IoT, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
2. Computer
¤ Its an electronic device which accepts input, processes
data, stores data, and produces output
¤ Input refer to whatever is sent to a Computer system
¤ Data refer to the symbols that represent facts, objects,
and ideas
¤ A computer processes data in a device called the
central processing unit (CPU)
2
3. Main characteristics of the computer can be summarized
as:
1. Speed: Computer is very fast and accurate device. It
can process millions and millions of instructions within
seconds.
2. Accuracy: Computer results are highly accurate.
3. Memory: Computers have a large amount of memory to
hold a very large amount of data or information.
Characteristics
of Computer
4. 4. Diligence: Computer is free from problems like lack of
concentration, and confusions & tiredness.
5. Versatility: We can perform different types of tasks
on computer. It is therefore versatile in nature.
6. Power of Remembrance: Unlike humans, computer
can store things for unlimited period of time.
Characteristics
of Computer
5. How Computers Work:
A computer is a machine composed of
hardware and software components.
A computer receives data through an
input unit based on the instructions it is
given and after it processes the data, it
sends it back through an output device.
5
7. Input
▸ Input is the set of instructions given to a computer.
▸ These instructions are given via input devices that
are connected to the computer.
▸ In computing, an input device is a piece of
equipment used to provide data and control signals
to an information processing system such as a
computer or information appliance. Examples
of input devices include keyboards, mouse,
scanners, digital cameras, joysticks, and
microphones.
7
8. Processor
▸ It is also called the central processing unit (CPU).
▸ It consists of electronic circuits that interpret and
execute program instructions, as well as
communicate with the input, output, and storage
devices.
▸ It is the central processing unit that actually
transforms data into information.
▸ Data is the raw material to be processed by a
computer.
▸ Computer memory, also known as primary storage,
is closely associated with the central processing
unit but separate from it.
8
9. Output
An output device is any piece of computer hardware
equipment which converts information into human-
readable form. It can be text, tactile, audio, etc.
▸ Output is usable information; that is, raw input
data that has been processed by the computer into
information.
▸ The most common output devices are computer
screens & printers. Screens can vary in their forms
of display, producing text, numbers, symbols, art,
photographs, and even video-in full color. Printers
produce printed reports as instructed by a
computer program, often in full color.
▸ You can produce output from a computer in other
ways, including film and voice output.
9
10. Storage
▸ The purpose of storage in a computer is to hold data and
get that data to the CPU as quickly as possible when it is
needed.
▸ Computers use disks for storage: most commonly, hard
disks that are located inside the computer (non-
removable), and floppy or compact disks that are used
externally (removable).
10
11. Types of Computer
There are three basic kinds of
computers:
11
Digital Computers
Digital computer, any of a
class of devices capable of
solving problems by processing
information in discrete form
Analog Computers
A computer that uses the
continuously changeable
aspects of physical phenomena
such as electrical, mechanical,
or hydraulic quantities to model
the problem being solved..
Hybrid Computers
A hybrid computer is a computing system that
combines both digital and analog components.
12. Analog Computers
• Analog computers are analog devices. That is, they
have continuous states rather than discrete
numbered states.
• An analog computer can represent fractional values
exactly, with no round off.
• They handle or process information, which is of
physical nature.
• Examples: Computers in Chemical plants monitoring
temperatures, pressures, voltage, etc. Now these
days, we rarely came across of analog computers in
routine life.
12
13. Digital Computers
• A digital computer uses discrete states.
• A binary digital computer uses digits and process
data, which is essentially in a binary state.
• Example: Personal Computers, scientific calculators,
etc.
13
14. Hybrid Computers
• It refers to computer that contain both digital and
analog circuit.
• For Example: A digital thermometer converts the
temperature (analog signals) and gives the output of
measurement in digits (digital signal)
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15. “ Classification of Computers
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• Micro Computer
• Mini Computer
• Mainframe Computer
• Super Computer
• Personal Computer
16. Micro Computers
• Micro computer is general purpose computer.
• It uses microprocessor, CPU for manipulating data.
• It is smaller than Mini Computer, Mainframe
Computer and Super computer.
• It has storage capacity up to Terabytes (TB)
• It is used in general purpose.
• Example: IBM PC, Apple Macintosh, Sony VAIO, etc.
16
17. Mini Computers
• Mini computer is smaller than Mainframe and Large
than micro computers.
• It is cheap than mainframe computers.
• It has storage capacity less than micro computers.
• Examples: Data General, Wang Laboratories, Apollo
Computer, and Prime Computer
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18. Mainframe
Computers
• Mainframe Computers are very powerful large-scale
general purpose computers.
• It’s memory capacity is in megabytes (MB) and
storage capacity is in terabytes (TB).
• They are used where large amount of data are to be
processed.
• Examples are: IBM 4300 series, IBM Enterprise,
System/9000 series
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19. Super Computers
• A supercomputer is a computer which has high
processing capacity – particularly speed of
calculation.
• It has high storage capacity in Petabyte (PB).
• It has number of CPUs to make more speed.
• Example: IBM roadrunner, Cray Jaguar, Cray Titan,
IBM Sequoia, etc.
19
20. Personal Computers
• A personal computer (PC) is a multi-
purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price
make it feasible for individual use.
• Personal computers are intended to be operated
directly by an end user, rather than by a computer
expert or technician.
• Unlike large,
costly minicomputers and mainframes, time-
sharing by many people at the same time is not used
with personal computers.
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22. Hardware
• Computer hardware is a collective term used to
describe any of the physical components of an
analog or digital computer.
• The term hardware distinguishes the tangible
aspects of a computing device from software, which
consists of written instructions that tell physical
components what to do.
• Computer hardware can be categorized as having
either internal or external components. Internal
components include items such as the motherboard,
central processing unit (CPU), RAM, while internal
refers to the sockets, ports, etc. 22
23. Software
• Computer software, or simply software, is a
collection of data or computer instructions that tell
the computer how to work.
• This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which
the system is built and actually performs the work.
• In computer science and software engineering,
computer software is all information processed
by computer systems, programs and data.
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24. 24
What about the bridge
connecting all computers
together?
Network.
25. Network
▸ A network consists of multiple devices that
communicate with one another.
▸ It can be as small as two computers or as large as
billions of devices. While a traditional network is
comprised of desktop computers, modern networks
may include laptops, tablets, smartphones,
televisions, gaming consoles, smart appliances, and
other electronics.
▸ Many types of networks exist, but they fall under two
primary categories: LANs and WANs.
25
26. LAN
▸ A local area network (LAN) is a computer
network that interconnects computers within a
limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory,
university campus or office building.
▸ A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home
network with one user to an enterprise network with
thousands of users and devices in an office or
school.
▸ A larger network, such as the network of an
educational institution, may be comprised of many
switches, hubs, and Ethernet cables.
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27. WAN
▸ By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only
covers a larger geographic distance, but also
generally involves leased telecommunication
circuits.
▸ If the computers are far apart (such as across town
or in different cities), then a Wide Area Network
(WAN) is typically used.
▸ The Internet itself is the largest WAN since it
encompasses all locations connected to the Internet.
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28. What is the internet?
▸ The internet is a global system that uses TCP/IP
protocol suite to link various types of electric devices
worldwide.
▸ The internet is a collection of interconnected
devices that are spread across the globe. The
internet is a network of networks which consist of
public, private, sales, finance, academic, business,
and government networks.
▸ The internet is a type of network and called a
network of networks.
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29. So, what is the intranet?
▸ An intranet is a private network which gives
employees in a company the ability to organise
information, manage documents, shares calendars
and to-do list. It normally runs in a client/server
environment in a local area network.
▸ In Intranet, every computer is connected via the LAN
and has something known as an MAC address. It is a
number that allows you to identify the place where
the computer is located.
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30. Some Important Applications, Elements & Softwares:
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• Web Browsers
• Search Engines
• Programming Languages
• Microsoft Text & Office Tools
• Adobe Photoshop & Lightroom
The following slides contain a little on every application/tool mentioned here.
31. Web Browsers
▸ A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser)
is a software application for accessing information
on the World Wide Web.
▸ When a user requests a web page from a
particular website, the web browser retrieves the
necessary content from a web server and then
displays the page on the user's device.
▸ Web browsers are used on a range of devices,
including desktops, laptops, tablets,
and smartphones.
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32. Search Engines
▸ A web search engine or Internet search engine is
a software system that is designed to carry out web
search (Internet search), which means to search
the World Wide Web in a systematic way for
particular information specified in a textual web
search query.
▸ The search results are generally presented in a line of
results, often referred to as search engine results
pages (SERPs)
▸ Google, Bing are some of the well known search
engines.
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33. Programming Languages
▸ A programming language is a formal
language comprising a set of instructions that
produce various kinds of output. Programming
languages are used in computer programming to
implement algorithms.
▸ Most programming languages consist
of instructions for computers. There are
programmable machines that use a set of specific
instructions, rather than general programming
languages.
▸ Python, C++, Java are examples of programming
languages. 33
34. MS Office Tools
▸ Microsoft Office, or simply Office, is a family
of client software, server software, and services
developed by Microsoft.
▸ Initially a marketing term for an office suite (bundled
set of productivity applications), the first version of
Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel,
and Microsoft PowerPoint.
▸ Over the years, Office applications have grown
substantially closer with shared features such as a
common spell checker, OLE data integration
and Visual Basic for Applications scripting language.
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35. Photoshop & Lightroom
▸ Photoshop and Lightroom are two essential software
developed by Adobe.
▸ Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics
editor developed and published by Adobe
Inc. for Windows and macOS. It was originally
created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll.
▸ Adobe Lightroom (officially Adobe Photoshop
Lightroom) is a family of image
organization and image manipulation software.
▸ These are great tools for artists offered on
computers.
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36. Advantages & Disadvantages
of Computer
Advantages
▸It makes our work easier,
faster and accurate.
▸It saves our cost and time
while collecting,
manipulating and storing
large amount of data
▸It helps in worldwide
communication.
Disadvantages
▸It is harmful to health, it
affects eyesight and
backbones if we work too
long.
▸It creates unemployment.
▸ It makes people dumb and
dull.
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