discovering computer chapter 1

Chapter 1
Introduction to
Computers

Lecture 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Define the term computer and identify
its components
Define the term computer and identify
its components
Explain why a computer is a
powerful tool
Explain why a computer is a
powerful tool
Recognize the purpose of a networkRecognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the
World Wide Web
Discuss the uses of the Internet and the
World Wide Web
Distinguish between installing and
running a program
Distinguish between installing and
running a program
Identify the types of softwareIdentify the types of software
Describe the categories of computersDescribe the categories of computers
Determine how the elements of an
information system interact
Determine how the elements of an
information system interact
Identify the types of
computer users
Identify the types of
computer users
Discuss various computer
applications in society
Discuss various computer
applications in society
Next

A World of Computers
What is computer literacy?
p. 5 Fig. 1-1 Next
 Knowledge and understanding
of computers and their uses
 Computers are everywhere

How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
p. 6
Produces and stores results
Next
 Electronic device operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into
informationinformation
Data that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
Accepts datadata
Raw facts, figures, and
symbols

What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle?
p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Storage
 Communication

Advantages of Using Computers
The benefits of computers are possible because
computers have the advantages of speed, reliability,
consistency ,storage, and communications.
Speed: When data, instructions, and information flow along
electronic circuits in a computer, they travel at incredibly fast
speeds. Many computers process billions or trillions of
operations in a single second.
Reliability: The electronic components in modern computers
are dependable and reliable because they rarely break or fail.

Advantages of Using Computers
Consistency: Given the same input and processes, a computer
will produce the same results consistently. Computers generate
error-free results, provided the input is correct and the
instructions work.
Storage: Computers store enormous amounts of data and make
this data available for processing anytime it is needed.
Communications: Most computers today can communicate
with other computers, often wirelessly. Computers allow users
to communicate with one another.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
Some disadvantages of computers relate to the violation of
privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, health
risks, and the impact on the environment.
Violation of Privacy: In many instances, where personal and
confidential records were not properly protected, individuals
have found their privacy violated and identities stolen.
Public Safety: Adults, teens, and children around the world are
using computers to share publicly their photos, videos, journals,
music, and other personal information. Some of these
unsuspecting, innocent computer users have fallen victim to
crimes committed by dangerous strangers.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS
Impact on Labor Force: Although computers have improved
productivity and created an entire industry with hundreds of
thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of employees have
been replaced by computers.
Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to
health injuries or disorders. Computer users can protect
themselves from health risks through proper workplace design,
good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced
work breaks.
Impact on Environment: Computer manufacturing processes
and computer waste are depleting natural resources and
polluting the environment.

The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
p. 7 Fig. 1-3
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 1, Click Web Link
from left navigation,
then click Input Devices
below Chapter 1
 Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Next

What is an output device?
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
 Hardware that
conveys
information
to a user
Next
then click Output Devices
below Chapter 1

What is the system unit?
p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next
 Box-like case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data

What are two main components on the motherboard?
p. 8
Central Processing Unit (CPU)Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also called a processor
Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do
Next
MemoryMemory
Temporary holding place for data and instructions

What is storage?
p. 8
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage mediaStorage media
Physical material on which data, instructions,
and information are stored
Storage deviceStorage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Storage deviceStorage device
Records and retrieves items to and from
a storage medium
Next
 Holds data, instructions, and information
for future use

What is storage media?
p. 8
Digital
cameras
Digital
cameras
Handheld
computers
Handheld
computers
Portable, thin
memory cards
used in:
Portable, thin
memory cards
used in:
Next

What is a floppy disk?
p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next
 Thin, circular,
flexible disk
enclosed in rigid
plastic shell
 A USB flash drive is
portable, and has
much greater
storage capacity

What is a flash drive?
p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
Zip®
disk
 Small and
lightweight enough
to be transported
on a keychain or
in a pocket

What is a hard disk?
p. 9 Fig. 1-6 Next
 Provides much
greater storage
capacity than a
floppy disk or
USB flash drive
 Housed inside the
system unit

What is a compact disc?
p. 9 Fig. 1-7 Next
 Flat, round, portable metal disc
 CD-ROM
 CD-RW
 DVD-ROM
 DVD+RW

Communications Devices
Communications Devices
A communications device is a hardware component
that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive
data, instructions, and information to and from one or
more computers. A widely used communications
device is a modem Communications occur over cables,
telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and
other transmission media.

Accuracy Communications
Why Is a Computer So Powerful?
p. 10
What makes a computer powerful?
Storage
Reliability
and
Consistency
Next
Speed

What is a network?
A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media.
When a computer connects to a network, it is online.
Networks allow computers to share resources, such as
hardware, software, data, and information. Sharing
resources saves time and money.

One type is
a modem
Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
p. 10
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Enables a
connection
between
computers
Cables
Cellular
radio
Telephone
lines
Satellites
Next
Communications
Media
Communications
Media
Communications
Device
Communications
Device
 Collection of computers and devices connected together

To shareTo share
What are the reasons to network?
p. 10
ResourcesResources
Hardware
devices
Hardware
devices
Software
programs
Software
programs
DataData
To save
time
and
money
To save
time
and
money
InformationInformation
Next

What is a server?
p. 10 Fig. 1-8 Next
 Manages the
resources on
a network
 A client accesses
the resources
on the server

What is the Internet?
p. 11 Fig. 1-9 Next
 Worldwide collection of networks that connects
millions of computers
then click Internet
below Chapter 1

p. 12 Fig. 1-10
Why do users access the Internet?
2. Information
3. Shopping
4. Banking and Investing
5. Classes
6. Entertainment
Next
1. Communications

What is the Web?
p. 13
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web site is
a collection of
related Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
A Web page contains
text, graphics, sound,
video, and links to
other Web pages
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo community
You can share
information by
creating Web pages
or posting photos on
a photo community
Next
 Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to
anyone connected to the Internet

Computer Software
How do you install a software program?
p. 14 Fig. 1-13 Next
 A program is a series of instructions that tells the
computer what to do
then click Computer Programs
below Chapter 1

Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
 Allows you to
interact with the
software using
graphics and icons
 Controls how you
enter data and how
the screen displays
information

Computer Software
What is system software?
p. 15
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs
that coordinates all
activities among
computer hardware
devices and allows
users to run
application software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks
usually related to managing a
computer, its devices or its programs
Next
 Programs that control the operations of the computer
and its devices

Computer Software
What is application software?
Presentation
Graphics
Spreadsheet
Database
Word
Processing
 Programs that perform
specific tasks for users
then click Application Software
below Chapter 1

Computer Software
What is a programmer?
 Someone who develops
application or system
software
 Programmer writes
instructions to
direct computer to
process data into
information
Javascript program
Resulting Internet application

Categories of Computers
p. 18 Next
Personal computers (desktop)
Mobile computers
and mobile devices
Midrange servers
Mainframe computers
What are the categories of computers?
Supercomputers

Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personal
computers?
p. 19 Figs. 1-18–1-19 Next
Click to view Web
Link,
click Chapter 1, Click
Web Link
then click Personal
Computers below
Chapter 1
 PC and compatibles
use the Windows
operating system
 Apple Macintosh
uses the Macintosh
operating system
(Mac OS)

Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
 Designed so all of the components fit on or under
a desk or table

Personal Computers
What is a notebook computer?
 Portable, small enough
to fit on your lap
 Also called a laptop
computer
 Generally more
expensive than a desktop
computer
then click Notebook Computers
below Chapter 1

Handheld Computers
What is a tablet PC?
 Especially useful for taking
notes
 Can also attach a Keyboard
 Can also support voice input
 For taking notes in
lectures, at meetings,
conferences……
 Resembles a letter-sized slate
 Allows you to write on the
screen using a digital pen

Handheld Computers
What are Web-enabled handheld computers?
p. 21 Fig. 1-23
 Allow you to check e-mail
and access the Internet
Next
 Web-enabled telephone is
a “smart phone”

Handheld Computers
What is a handheld computer?
p. 21 Next
Used
by mobile
employees such as
meter readers and
delivery people
Small
enough to fit
in your
hand

Handheld Computers
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
 Provides personal organizer functions
 Calendar
 Appointment book
 Address book
 Calculator
 Notepad
Click to view video

Servers
A server controls access to the hardware, software,
and other resources on a network and provides a
centralized storage area for programs, data, and
information .Servers support from two to several
thousand connected computers at the same time.
People use personal computers or terminals to access
data, information, and programs on a server. A
terminal is a device with a monitor, keyboard, and
memory.

Servers
What types of servers are there?
p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-25–1-27
Midrange server Powerful, large
computer that supports up to a few
thousand computers
Mainframe Very powerful,
expensive computer that supports
thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most
powerful, most expensive
computer. Used for applications
requiring complex mathematical
calculations
Next

MAINFRAMES
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful
computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of
connected users simultaneously Mainframes store huge
amounts of data, instructions, and information. Most
major corporations use mainframes for business
activities. With mainframes, large businesses are able
to bill millions of customers, prepare payroll for
thousands of employees, and manage thousands of
items in inventory.

SUPERCOMPUTERS
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer and the most expensive .The fastest
supercomputers are capable of processing more than
135 trillion instructions in a single second.
Applications requiring complex, sophisticated
mathematical calculations use supercomputers. Large
scale simulations and applications in medicine,
aerospace, automotive design, online banking, weather
forecasting, nuclear energy research, and petroleum
exploration use a supercomputer.

EMBEDDED COMPUTERS
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer
that functions as a component in a larger product. A
variety of everyday products contain embedded
computers:
• Consumer electronics
• Home automation devices
• Automobiles
• Process controllers and robotics
• Computer devices and office machines

Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
 People
 Procedures
 Data
 Software
 Hardware

Examples of Computer Usage
p. 25 Fig. 1-29
What are five categories of computer users?
Next

p. 28 Fig. 1-33
 Local area
network (LAN)
 Productivity
software
 Specialty
software
 Web usage
 E-mail
Next
What software is available for a small
office/home office (SOHO) user?

 Hardware
What is available for
a mobile user?
p. 29 Fig. 1-35
 Software
 Productivity
 Presentation
 Personal
information
manager
Next

What are the needs of the large business user?
p. 30 Figs. 1-37–1-40 Next
Web access
Public kiosk
TelecommutingNetwork
Productivity software
Scheduling
then click Enterprise Computing
below Chapter 1

What are the needs of a power user?
 Speed and large amounts of storage
 Types of power users
 Engineers
 Architects
 Desktop publishers
 Graphic artists

Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples
of computer applications
in society?
p. 33 Figs. 1-42–1-49 Next
 Education
 Finance
 Government
 Healthcare
 Science
 Publishing
 Travel
 Industry
Click to view video

Summary of Introduction to Computers
The importance of computer literacyThe importance of computer literacy
The computer and its componentsThe computer and its components
Why is a computer so powerful?Why is a computer so powerful?
What is a network?What is a network?
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
Installing and running a programInstalling and running a program
Types of softwareTypes of software
Categories of computersCategories of computers
Elements of an information systemElements of an information system
Types of computer usersTypes of computer users
Computer applications in societyComputer applications in society
Chapter 1 Complete

discovering computer chapter 1

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to discovering computer chapter 1

Recently uploaded

discovering computer chapter 1