This chapter introducing to IT and its components

1. Chapter 1
Introduction to Computer Systems
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2. OBJECTIVES
• To identify the definition and basic
components of computer.
• To explain types of computer.
• To describe computer usage in society.
• To discuss computer ethics.
• To describe advantages and
disadvantages of computer.
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3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. Basic Definitions : Computer
Computer is a machine that performs the four basic
operations of the information-processing cycle:
• input
• processing
• output
• storage
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7. INFORMATION
PROCESSING CYCLE
• Input – accept the data that entered by the users
from input devices for processing.
• Process – perform a processing to the data sent by
input devices.
• Output – Displayed the information on the output
devices.
• Storage – Store the data/information for future use.

8. Parts of the Computer
System
• Computer systems have four parts
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• User
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9. Parts of the Computer
System
• Hardware
• Mechanical devices in the computer
• Software
• Instructions Tell the computer what to do
• Also called a program
• System software, application software
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10. Parts of the Computer
System
• Data
• Pieces of information
• Computer organize and present data
• Users
• People operating the computer
• Most important part
• Tell the computer what to do
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11. Essential Computer Hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types
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12. Essential Computer Hardware
• Input and output devices
• Allows the user to interact
• Input devices accept data
• Keyboard, mouse
• Output devices deliver data
• Monitor, printer, speaker
• Some devices are input and output
• Touch screens
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13. Essential Computer Hardware
• Processing devices
• Brains of the computer
• Carries out instructions from the program
• Manipulate the data
• Most computers have several processors
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Processors made of silicon and copper
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14. Essential Computer Hardware
• Memory devices
• Stores data or programs
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Volatile
• Stores current data and programs
• More RAM results in a faster system
• Read Only Memory (ROM)
• Permanent storage of programs
• Holds the computer boot directions
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15. Essential Computer Hardware
• Storage devices
• Hold data and programs permanently
• Different from RAM
• Magnetic storage
• Floppy and hard drive
• Uses a magnet to access data
• Optical storage
• CD and DVD drives
• Uses a laser to access data
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16. Hard Drive
Floppy Disk Drive
Zip
Drive
CD/DVD
Drive
Jaz
Drive
Tape
Drive
Micro Drive
Storage Devices
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17. Software Runs The
Machine
• Tells the computer what to do
• Two types
• System software
• Application software
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18. Software Runs The
Machine
• System software
• Most important software
• Operating system
• Windows 2016
• Network operating system (OS)
• Windows Server
• Utility
• Symantec AntiVirus
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19. Software Runs The
Machine
• Application software
• Accomplishes a specific task
• Most common type of software
• MS Word
• Covers most common uses of computers
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20. Computer data
• Fact with no meaning on its own
• Stored using the binary number system
• Data can be organized into files
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21. Computer users
• Role depends on ability
• Setup the system
• Install software
• Manage files
• Maintain the system
• “Userless” computers
• Run with no user input
• Automated systems
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22. Communications
• Communication is the process of moving data
between computers or even within the computer.
• Communications devices enable computers to
connect to a computer network.
• Network – Two or more computer systems
that are connected.
• Modem – A device that enables the
computer to access other computers.
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23. Network Interface
Card – NIC
Communications Devices
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Modem

24. Types of Computers
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• Microcomputers (Personal computers)
• Computers for Organizations
• Server
• Minicomputer
• Mainframe
• Supercomputer

25. • Microcomputers are the most common type of
computers in existence today, whether at work
in school or on the desk at home.
• Desktop computers
• The most common type of computer
• Sits on the desk or floor
• Performs a variety of tasks
Microcomputers - Computers For
Individual Use
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26. Microcomputers - Computers
For Individual Use
• Workstations
• Specialized computers
• Optimized for science or graphics
• More powerful than a desktop
• Notebook computers
• Small portable computers
• Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
• About 8 ½ by 11 inches
• Typically as powerful as a desktop
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27. Microcomputers - Computers For
Individual Use
• Tablet computers
• Development in portable computers
• Input is through a stylus or digital pen
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• A tablet PC is a wireless, portable personal
computer with a touch screen interface. The
tablet form factor is typically smaller than a
notebook computer but larger than a
smartphone.
• The most common type of tablet is the slate
style, like Apple's iPad or Microsoft's Surface.

28. Microcomputers - Computers
For Individual Use
• The idea of tablet computing is generally
credited to Alan Kay of Xerox, who sketched
out the idea in 1971.
• The first widely-sold tablet computer was
Apple Computer's Newton, which was not a
commercial success.
• Technological advances in battery life, display
resolution, handwriting recognition software,
larger memory, and wireless Internet access
have since made tablets a viable computing
option.
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29. Microcomputers - Computers
For Individual Use
• The iPad is a touch screen tablet PC
• The iPad is basically a netbook without a
keyboard or a trackpad, but instead has a
touchscreen interface, which is used to
control the device.
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30. Microcomputers - Computers
For Individual Use
• Handheld computers
• Very small computers
• Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
• Note taking or contact management
• Data can synchronize with a desktop
• Smart phones
• Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
• Web surfing, e-mail access
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31. Notebook / Laptop /
Netbook
Workstation
Examples of Microcomputers
All-in-One
Tablet PC
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32. Computers For
Organizations
• Network servers
• Computer networks utilize high performance computer systems
called "servers".
• Centralized computer
• All other computers connect
• Provides access to network resources
• Multiple servers are called server farms
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33. – typically have high performance processors
and contain hardware and software capable
of handling large amounts of data.
– has multiple hard disk drives connected in
series.
– provide a large number of computer users
with access to large stores of information
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34. Computers For
Organizations
• Minicomputers
• Called midrange computers
• Power between mainframe
and desktop
• Handle hundreds of users
• Used in smaller organizations
• Users access through a
terminal
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35. Computers For Organizations
• Mainframes
• Used in large
organizations
• Handle thousands
of users
• Users access through a
terminal
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– is a high-performance computer used for large-
scale computing purposes that require greater
availability and security than a smaller-scale
machine can offer.

36. Computers For Organizations
• Supercomputers
• The most powerful computers
made
• Handle large and complex
calculations
• Process trillions of operations per
second
• Found in research organizations
NASA
• are very expensive and are
employed for specialized
applications that require immense
amounts of mathematical
calculations.
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37. • For example, weather forecasting
• Other uses of supercomputers include animated
graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy
research, and petroleum exploration.
• The chief difference between a supercomputer and a
mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power
into executing a few programs as fast as possible,
whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many
programs concurrently.
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38. Computer Maintenance
• Do not overload electrical
outlets.
• Do not position hardware
where it can fall.
• Leave space for proper
ventilation.
• Check that cords are
fastened securely.
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39. Responsible Computer User
• Be considerate of other sharing the same
connection.
• Dispose of old computers properly.
• Internet overuse may promote unhealthy
behavior.
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40. Computers In Society
• More impact than any other invention
• Changed work and leisure activities
• Used by all demographic groups
• Computers are important because:
• Provide information to users
• Information is critical to our society
• Managing information is difficult
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41. Computers In Society
• Computers at home
• Many homes have multiple computers + Internet
• Computers are used for
• Business
• Entertainment
• Communication
• Education
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42. Computers In Society
• Computers in education
• Computer literacy required at all levels
• Computers in small business
• Makes businesses more profitable
• Allows owners to manage
• Computers in industry
• Computers are used to design products
• Assembly lines are automated
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43. Computers In Society
• Computers in government
• Necessary to track data for population
• Police officers
• Tax calculation and collection
• Governments were the first computer users
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44. Computers In Society
• Computers in health care
• Revolutionized health care
• New treatments possible
• Scheduling of patients has improved
• Delivery of medicine is safer
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45. The Effect of Computers on
Employment
• Skilled workers earn more wages, but . . .
• Computer guided robots take over many
manufacturing and repetitive jobs.
• Structural unemployment results when advancing
technology makes an entire job category
obsolete.
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46. Impacts of Computer Use
• The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
requires schools to provide computer access for
people with disabilities
• Speech recognition software for
visually impaired
• Special input devices for
motor impaired
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47. Example: Touchless Keyboard for the Disabled
• those without the use of their hands and fingers,
have a much more difficult time navigating a
computer keyboard
• Using a head-mounted sensor, the keyboard, which
hangs over the top of your screen, picks up your
noggin's movements and transmits the data to the
computer as text.
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48. Example: Speech Recognition Software for
Visually Impaired
• Dragon NaturallySpeaking, the world’s best-selling
speech recognition software.
• Turn your voice into text three times faster than
most people type with up to 99% accuracy.
• works with the most commonly used desktop
applications, including Microsoft Word &Internet
Explorer.
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49. Recognize the Risks of Using Flawed
Software
• All programs often contain
errors.
• All computer use entails a
certain level of risk.
Bug – An error or defect in
software or hardware that
causes a program to
malfunction
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50. Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Disadvantages
Health Risks
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment
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51. THE END
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