This document discusses economic development in the Americas and its implications for marketing. It covers several topics:
1) It describes the different stages of economic development among American nations, from more developed to newly industrialized to less developed. Time zones also impact trade relationships.
2) Economic growth depends on factors like political stability, entrepreneurship, and targeted industrial policies. Infrastructure and information technology are also important for development.
3) The level of economic development affects marketing tasks - demand and distribution systems vary between more developed and less developed markets. Marketers must tailor their approach to the local conditions.
4) Marketing contributes to economic growth by connecting production to consumer demand. As countries develop, their marketing functions and
The document discusses international marketing research and identifies several challenges. It emphasizes the importance of properly defining problems and research objectives in international contexts given cultural differences. Both secondary and primary research methods have limitations in foreign markets including issues of data availability, reliability, and comparability. Effective international marketing research requires the use of multiple methods, inclusion of local cultural experts, and direct involvement of decision-makers with foreign customers and markets.
This document provides an overview of international trade and the dynamic global environment. It discusses several topics:
1) The establishment of world trade following WWII and the importance of balance of payments and protectionism.
2) The various types of trade barriers such as tariffs and nontariff barriers used by countries.
3) International organizations that shaped global trade such as GATT and the World Trade Organization, as well as the IMF and World Bank.
This document discusses how history, geography, and population trends shape culture and markets globally. It explains that a country's history influences its attitudes, management styles, and views of foreign businesses. Geographic factors like climate and resources also impact an economy. While population is growing overall, aging populations in some areas pose challenges. Understanding these foundations of culture is important for marketers to be responsive to different country contexts.
This document discusses cultural differences that impact business practices globally. It covers how management styles, communication styles, views of time, gender biases, and business ethics can vary significantly between cultures. Adaptation to different cultural norms is identified as key for international business success. Specific differences highlighted include decision making and objectives in management, high versus low context communication, monochronic versus polychronic time, and varying levels of corruption. Understanding these cultural factors is important for operating effectively across borders.
This chapter discusses the impact of culture on global markets. It defines culture as the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors learned and passed down through generations. Culture is shaped by geography, history, politics, technology, and social institutions like family, religion, education, media, and government. Key elements of culture include values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes. Cultural values around individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance vary widely between countries and influence areas like consumption patterns and health outcomes. Understanding these cultural dynamics is important for international marketers.
This document discusses integrated marketing communications and international advertising. It covers several topics: integrated marketing communications and their components; sales promotions and public relations in global markets; factors that affect global and modified advertising; the communication process and potential misfires; and the effects of regulations on advertising budgets. It also provides exhibits on top global advertisers and spending categories as well as challenges of international advertising like cultural differences, media limitations, and lack of market data.
This document discusses the political environment and how it can impact international business. It covers topics like the sovereignty of nations, different governmental types, political parties, nationalism, trade disputes, political risks, and the impact of political activists, violence and terrorism. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts, such as the EU banana trade dispute between the US and Europe, political instability in Africa, and the consequences of the US embargo on Cuba. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding a country's political landscape and how changes can affect market potential and business stability.
The document discusses international marketing research and identifies several challenges. It emphasizes the importance of properly defining problems and research objectives in international contexts given cultural differences. Both secondary and primary research methods have limitations in foreign markets including issues of data availability, reliability, and comparability. Effective international marketing research requires the use of multiple methods, inclusion of local cultural experts, and direct involvement of decision-makers with foreign customers and markets.
This document provides an overview of international trade and the dynamic global environment. It discusses several topics:
1) The establishment of world trade following WWII and the importance of balance of payments and protectionism.
2) The various types of trade barriers such as tariffs and nontariff barriers used by countries.
3) International organizations that shaped global trade such as GATT and the World Trade Organization, as well as the IMF and World Bank.
This document discusses how history, geography, and population trends shape culture and markets globally. It explains that a country's history influences its attitudes, management styles, and views of foreign businesses. Geographic factors like climate and resources also impact an economy. While population is growing overall, aging populations in some areas pose challenges. Understanding these foundations of culture is important for marketers to be responsive to different country contexts.
This document discusses cultural differences that impact business practices globally. It covers how management styles, communication styles, views of time, gender biases, and business ethics can vary significantly between cultures. Adaptation to different cultural norms is identified as key for international business success. Specific differences highlighted include decision making and objectives in management, high versus low context communication, monochronic versus polychronic time, and varying levels of corruption. Understanding these cultural factors is important for operating effectively across borders.
This chapter discusses the impact of culture on global markets. It defines culture as the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors learned and passed down through generations. Culture is shaped by geography, history, politics, technology, and social institutions like family, religion, education, media, and government. Key elements of culture include values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes. Cultural values around individualism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance vary widely between countries and influence areas like consumption patterns and health outcomes. Understanding these cultural dynamics is important for international marketers.
This document discusses integrated marketing communications and international advertising. It covers several topics: integrated marketing communications and their components; sales promotions and public relations in global markets; factors that affect global and modified advertising; the communication process and potential misfires; and the effects of regulations on advertising budgets. It also provides exhibits on top global advertisers and spending categories as well as challenges of international advertising like cultural differences, media limitations, and lack of market data.
This document discusses the political environment and how it can impact international business. It covers topics like the sovereignty of nations, different governmental types, political parties, nationalism, trade disputes, political risks, and the impact of political activists, violence and terrorism. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts, such as the EU banana trade dispute between the US and Europe, political instability in Africa, and the consequences of the US embargo on Cuba. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding a country's political landscape and how changes can affect market potential and business stability.
International Marketing The International Legal EnvironmentDr. John V. Padua
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international marketing and international business law. It discusses the major legal systems that form the basis for laws around the world, including common law, civil law, Islamic law, and Marxist law. It also summarizes important topics like intellectual property rights, jurisdiction over legal disputes, methods of resolving disputes, and how U.S. laws may apply to companies operating abroad. The document aims to outline major learning objectives on globalization and the legal environment of international business.
The scope and challenge of international marketingluispachon
The document discusses the scope and challenges of international marketing. It identifies four trends driving global commerce: trading blocs, free market economies, technology, and environmental awareness. The challenge for marketers is developing strategic plans that are competitive in intensifying global markets. International marketing involves performing business activities like planning, pricing, promotion, and distribution across national borders for profit. It differs from domestic marketing in areas like foreign currency, multiple political/tax environments, long distances, and various languages. Marketers must adapt to different environments and be globally aware to avoid ethnocentrism.
The document discusses economic integration and cooperation in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It covers the evolution of the European Union and patterns of international cooperation such as free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. Specifically, it outlines the key institutions of the EU and the introduction of the euro currency. It also examines Eastern Europe's transition to free market systems and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
This document provides an overview of international marketing. It defines international marketing and discusses how the marketing environment differs internationally from domestic markets due to factors like competition, regulations, culture, and politics. It also outlines various stages of international marketing involvement, from no direct foreign marketing to global marketing. Additionally, it discusses challenges like self-reference criterion and ethnocentrism that marketers must overcome to effectively adapt to foreign cultures.
International Marketing - The Political Environment: A Critical ConcernDr. John V. Padua
The political environment is a critical concern for international marketing. Governments control business activities within their borders and political instability can negatively impact foreign investment. Political risks include confiscation of assets, nationalism increasing restrictions on foreign companies, and violence/terrorism threatening operations. Marketers must consider how different government types, political parties, and policy shifts can affect their long-term ability to do business in a country.
Chapter 3 History and Geography The Foundations of Culture Water Birds (Ali)
The importance of history and geography in the understanding of international markets
The effects of history on a country’s culture
How culture interprets events through its own eyes
How the United States moved west and how this more affected attitudes
The effect of geographic diversity on economic profiles of a country
Why markets need to be responsive to geography of a country
Economic effects of controlling population growth versus aging population
Communications are an integral part of international commerce
Chapter 3 culture management style and business systemsDr. John V. Padua
This document summarizes key chapters from the 15th edition of the textbook "International Marketing" by Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham. The chapter objectives cover adaptation to different cultures and management styles around the world. It discusses the impact of culture on business and the need to understand cultural differences to succeed internationally. Specific management styles are compared across countries and contexts, including differences in authority structures, communication, time orientation, and ethics. Adaptation to different cultural imperatives, electives and exclusives is also emphasized.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 13 of the 16th edition of the textbook "International Marketing" by Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham. It discusses the opportunities and challenges of marketing consumer goods and services globally. It also examines topics like quality, products and culture, analyzing products for adaptation, marketing consumer services, brands in international markets, and maintaining quality in distribution. The goal is to provide students with an overview of considerations for adapting and marketing offerings to diverse global consumers.
11 The Strategy of International BusinessBrent Weeks
To evaluate industry structure, firm strategy, and value creation
To profile the features and functions of the value chain
To assess how managers configure and coordinate a value chain
To explain global integration and local responsiveness
To profile the types of strategies firms use in international business
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global MarketsDr. John V. Padua
This document provides an overview of a textbook on international marketing. It discusses key topics covered in the textbook including the importance of culture in international marketing, definitions and origins of culture, elements of culture like values and symbols, cultural change and borrowing, and strategies for planned and unplanned cultural change. The objectives are for students to understand these cultural concepts and their impact on international marketing.
Slide chapter 1 : The Scope and Challenge of
International Marketing - International Marketing 15th Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham.
This document discusses key aspects of international marketing communications. It explains that integrated marketing communications combines advertising, sales promotions, public relations, and other elements. When developing international advertising campaigns, companies must perform research, specify goals, develop effective messages for target segments, select appropriate media, create budgets, execute, and evaluate campaigns. Factors like cultural differences, legal constraints, language barriers, media limitations, and production costs must all be considered when standardizing or customizing advertising strategies across international markets.
Global marketing - products & services for consumersRECONNECT
This is the lecture of course "Global Marketing"
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This document discusses the scope and challenges of international marketing. It covers several topics:
1) The increasing globalization and internationalization of business as seen in the large percentage of revenues multinational companies generate from foreign markets and the foreign ownership of many well-known U.S. brands.
2) The complex and uncertain international marketing environment that marketers must navigate, which includes political, economic, cultural and other uncontrollable factors in both domestic and foreign markets.
3) The progression of involvement in international marketing, from no direct foreign marketing to global marketing approaches that treat the entire world as a single market.
This document discusses economic development and trade relationships between countries. It describes the different stages of economic development that countries can be classified into, from more developed to least developed. As countries develop economically, new patterns of consumer behavior emerge. The economic level of a country is the most important environmental factor for marketers. Some key drivers of economic growth are political stability, entrepreneurship, and central planning. Developing countries aim to industrialize and achieve social progress, while being wary of foreign businesses. NAFTA created a large free trade area in North America in 1994. Overall, marketers must devise strategies that account for varying levels of countries' economic development and changing market trends globally.
This document discusses the international legal environment for business. It covers several key topics:
1) The different legal systems around the world such as common law, civil law, Islamic law, and those in Marxist countries.
2) Issues around intellectual property including counterfeiting, piracy, and inadequate protection of rights in some countries.
3) Emerging areas of law related to technology and the internet, such as cyberlaw, cyber squatting, jurisdiction over online disputes, and taxation of digital activities.
The document discusses strategy in international business. It covers topics like the role of strategy, industry structure and the five forces model, value creation through cost leadership and differentiation, global integration versus local responsiveness pressures, and the integration-responsiveness grid for measuring these pressures. The value chain and how it is configured and coordinated in response to changes is also addressed. Different types of strategies are outlined, and future visions for strategies with concepts like metanational and cybercorp companies.
In this presentation, we will discuss International Marketing Environment, the important factors that affect the environment, various trade barriers protecting domestic industries from foreign competitions and types of commodity agreement. Also state trading, role of GATT and other international trading aspects will be discussed in details.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Culture, Management Style, and Business SystemsSavaş Şakar
The document discusses how culture profoundly impacts management styles and business systems. It contrasts relationship-oriented cultures like Japan that are consensus-based versus information-oriented cultures like the US that are more individualistic. Successful international business requires understanding different management styles and adapting to cultural differences.
This document discusses key aspects of developing an effective brand strategy, including establishing a brand vision, positioning, contract, and communication plan. It provides examples of brand visions, positions, and contracts for well-known brands like Disney, Walmart, FedEx, McDonald's, Apple, Google, and Toyota. The document also outlines metrics for measuring return on brand investment, such as brand awareness, contract fulfillment, customer acquisition and loyalty, financial value, and price premium.
McGraw-Hill Education reported strong first half 2016 performance with total billings increasing 1% year-over-year and adjusted EBITDA more than doubling. Digital billings grew across key segments driven by the ongoing transition to digital learning solutions. In higher education, digital billings increased 16% and now represent over 50% of total higher education billings, though print to digital transition shifted selling season from the second to the third quarter. In K-12, strong performance in the California English Language Arts adoption exceeded expectations and helped offset an anticipated decline in the smaller 2016 adoption market.
International Marketing The International Legal EnvironmentDr. John V. Padua
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international marketing and international business law. It discusses the major legal systems that form the basis for laws around the world, including common law, civil law, Islamic law, and Marxist law. It also summarizes important topics like intellectual property rights, jurisdiction over legal disputes, methods of resolving disputes, and how U.S. laws may apply to companies operating abroad. The document aims to outline major learning objectives on globalization and the legal environment of international business.
The scope and challenge of international marketingluispachon
The document discusses the scope and challenges of international marketing. It identifies four trends driving global commerce: trading blocs, free market economies, technology, and environmental awareness. The challenge for marketers is developing strategic plans that are competitive in intensifying global markets. International marketing involves performing business activities like planning, pricing, promotion, and distribution across national borders for profit. It differs from domestic marketing in areas like foreign currency, multiple political/tax environments, long distances, and various languages. Marketers must adapt to different environments and be globally aware to avoid ethnocentrism.
The document discusses economic integration and cooperation in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It covers the evolution of the European Union and patterns of international cooperation such as free trade areas, customs unions, and common markets. Specifically, it outlines the key institutions of the EU and the introduction of the euro currency. It also examines Eastern Europe's transition to free market systems and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
This document provides an overview of international marketing. It defines international marketing and discusses how the marketing environment differs internationally from domestic markets due to factors like competition, regulations, culture, and politics. It also outlines various stages of international marketing involvement, from no direct foreign marketing to global marketing. Additionally, it discusses challenges like self-reference criterion and ethnocentrism that marketers must overcome to effectively adapt to foreign cultures.
International Marketing - The Political Environment: A Critical ConcernDr. John V. Padua
The political environment is a critical concern for international marketing. Governments control business activities within their borders and political instability can negatively impact foreign investment. Political risks include confiscation of assets, nationalism increasing restrictions on foreign companies, and violence/terrorism threatening operations. Marketers must consider how different government types, political parties, and policy shifts can affect their long-term ability to do business in a country.
Chapter 3 History and Geography The Foundations of Culture Water Birds (Ali)
The importance of history and geography in the understanding of international markets
The effects of history on a country’s culture
How culture interprets events through its own eyes
How the United States moved west and how this more affected attitudes
The effect of geographic diversity on economic profiles of a country
Why markets need to be responsive to geography of a country
Economic effects of controlling population growth versus aging population
Communications are an integral part of international commerce
Chapter 3 culture management style and business systemsDr. John V. Padua
This document summarizes key chapters from the 15th edition of the textbook "International Marketing" by Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham. The chapter objectives cover adaptation to different cultures and management styles around the world. It discusses the impact of culture on business and the need to understand cultural differences to succeed internationally. Specific management styles are compared across countries and contexts, including differences in authority structures, communication, time orientation, and ethics. Adaptation to different cultural imperatives, electives and exclusives is also emphasized.
This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 13 of the 16th edition of the textbook "International Marketing" by Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham. It discusses the opportunities and challenges of marketing consumer goods and services globally. It also examines topics like quality, products and culture, analyzing products for adaptation, marketing consumer services, brands in international markets, and maintaining quality in distribution. The goal is to provide students with an overview of considerations for adapting and marketing offerings to diverse global consumers.
11 The Strategy of International BusinessBrent Weeks
To evaluate industry structure, firm strategy, and value creation
To profile the features and functions of the value chain
To assess how managers configure and coordinate a value chain
To explain global integration and local responsiveness
To profile the types of strategies firms use in international business
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global MarketsDr. John V. Padua
This document provides an overview of a textbook on international marketing. It discusses key topics covered in the textbook including the importance of culture in international marketing, definitions and origins of culture, elements of culture like values and symbols, cultural change and borrowing, and strategies for planned and unplanned cultural change. The objectives are for students to understand these cultural concepts and their impact on international marketing.
Slide chapter 1 : The Scope and Challenge of
International Marketing - International Marketing 15th Philip R. Cateora, Mary C. Gilly, and John L. Graham.
This document discusses key aspects of international marketing communications. It explains that integrated marketing communications combines advertising, sales promotions, public relations, and other elements. When developing international advertising campaigns, companies must perform research, specify goals, develop effective messages for target segments, select appropriate media, create budgets, execute, and evaluate campaigns. Factors like cultural differences, legal constraints, language barriers, media limitations, and production costs must all be considered when standardizing or customizing advertising strategies across international markets.
Global marketing - products & services for consumersRECONNECT
This is the lecture of course "Global Marketing"
This slideshare network of RECONNECT will provide all the presentation related to case studies, project presentations, educational, motivational slides & much more.
Follow Reconnect on slide share.
Official fb page: facebook.com/reconnectt
Official fb group: facebook.com/groups/reconnecting.tech/
Rights are reserved for this presentation. Please inbox 1st to get permission to use this
This document discusses the scope and challenges of international marketing. It covers several topics:
1) The increasing globalization and internationalization of business as seen in the large percentage of revenues multinational companies generate from foreign markets and the foreign ownership of many well-known U.S. brands.
2) The complex and uncertain international marketing environment that marketers must navigate, which includes political, economic, cultural and other uncontrollable factors in both domestic and foreign markets.
3) The progression of involvement in international marketing, from no direct foreign marketing to global marketing approaches that treat the entire world as a single market.
This document discusses economic development and trade relationships between countries. It describes the different stages of economic development that countries can be classified into, from more developed to least developed. As countries develop economically, new patterns of consumer behavior emerge. The economic level of a country is the most important environmental factor for marketers. Some key drivers of economic growth are political stability, entrepreneurship, and central planning. Developing countries aim to industrialize and achieve social progress, while being wary of foreign businesses. NAFTA created a large free trade area in North America in 1994. Overall, marketers must devise strategies that account for varying levels of countries' economic development and changing market trends globally.
This document discusses the international legal environment for business. It covers several key topics:
1) The different legal systems around the world such as common law, civil law, Islamic law, and those in Marxist countries.
2) Issues around intellectual property including counterfeiting, piracy, and inadequate protection of rights in some countries.
3) Emerging areas of law related to technology and the internet, such as cyberlaw, cyber squatting, jurisdiction over online disputes, and taxation of digital activities.
The document discusses strategy in international business. It covers topics like the role of strategy, industry structure and the five forces model, value creation through cost leadership and differentiation, global integration versus local responsiveness pressures, and the integration-responsiveness grid for measuring these pressures. The value chain and how it is configured and coordinated in response to changes is also addressed. Different types of strategies are outlined, and future visions for strategies with concepts like metanational and cybercorp companies.
In this presentation, we will discuss International Marketing Environment, the important factors that affect the environment, various trade barriers protecting domestic industries from foreign competitions and types of commodity agreement. Also state trading, role of GATT and other international trading aspects will be discussed in details.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Culture, Management Style, and Business SystemsSavaş Şakar
The document discusses how culture profoundly impacts management styles and business systems. It contrasts relationship-oriented cultures like Japan that are consensus-based versus information-oriented cultures like the US that are more individualistic. Successful international business requires understanding different management styles and adapting to cultural differences.
This document discusses key aspects of developing an effective brand strategy, including establishing a brand vision, positioning, contract, and communication plan. It provides examples of brand visions, positions, and contracts for well-known brands like Disney, Walmart, FedEx, McDonald's, Apple, Google, and Toyota. The document also outlines metrics for measuring return on brand investment, such as brand awareness, contract fulfillment, customer acquisition and loyalty, financial value, and price premium.
McGraw-Hill Education reported strong first half 2016 performance with total billings increasing 1% year-over-year and adjusted EBITDA more than doubling. Digital billings grew across key segments driven by the ongoing transition to digital learning solutions. In higher education, digital billings increased 16% and now represent over 50% of total higher education billings, though print to digital transition shifted selling season from the second to the third quarter. In K-12, strong performance in the California English Language Arts adoption exceeded expectations and helped offset an anticipated decline in the smaller 2016 adoption market.
The document appears to be a chapter from an international marketing textbook covering various topics related to international marketing. It includes headings, content, and citations but no clear overall summary can be provided given the limited information.
The internet in marketing strategy
Week 5 of 13 of the 2007 Internet Marketing Course. Content is based in part on Dann, S and Dann S 2004 Strategic Internet Marketing 2.0, Milton: Wiley. Diagrams taken from the Dann and Dann text are copyright to their respective copyright holders.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international trade including:
- The principles of absolute and comparative advantage which form the basis for beneficial trade between countries.
- Arguments for free trade and reasons countries engage in protectionism such as tariffs or quotas.
- Different levels of economic integration like free trade areas or customs unions.
- How terms of trade measure the exchange rate between a country's exports and imports.
iSalesStrategy.com - International Trading, Marketing, Sales & DistributionThe CME Agency
iSales Strategy is a knowledge-based company composed of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) experts in the field of sales and marketing from different markets around the world. We distribute products for Fortune 500's and global brands in the ASEAN, Asian, Middle East, North & South American regions.
Learning Objectives
To understand the special concerns that must be considered by the international manager dealing with emerging market economies.
To survey the vast opportunities for trade offered by emerging market economies.
To understand why economic change is difficult and requires much adjustment.
To become aware that privatization offers new opportunities for international trade and investment.
This document discusses international business negotiations. It begins by outlining the learning objectives, which focus on understanding how culture influences negotiation behaviors and styles. It then provides examples of cultural stereotypes to avoid when negotiating internationally. Several exhibits analyze data on negotiation tactics and behaviors across different cultures. Key differences are identified in areas like language use, nonverbal behaviors, and preferred communication styles. The document emphasizes that successful international negotiations require understanding both cultural and individual factors, rather than relying on stereotypes. The goal is to negotiate effectively across borders.
The document summarizes several theories of international trade from mercantilism to contemporary theories like Porter's national competitive advantage theory. It discusses key concepts like absolute advantage, comparative advantage, factor proportions theory, product life cycle theory, and new trade theory. Porter's diamond framework identifies factor conditions, demand conditions, related industries, and firm strategy/rivalry as determinants of a nation's competitive advantage in a given industry. The document aims to help understand why and how international trade improves welfare according to different trade theories.
NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States that eliminated trade barriers and facilitated cross-border movement of goods and services. It was signed in 1994 to increase investment, promote fair competition, and protect intellectual property rights. NAFTA contributed to economic growth and job creation in member countries, though it also caused job losses and inequality. India engages in significant trade with NAFTA countries, both importing machinery and exporting textiles and gems.
Ch 1 2 ppt introduction to international marketingAlain DELZONGLE
This document provides an overview of key concepts in international marketing. It discusses the differences between domestic and international marketing, and strategic orientations like domestic, multidomestic, and global. Environmental forces that marketing managers must consider are explored, including factors that are controllable versus uncontrollable. Global governance institutions that impact international trade are outlined. The document also examines topics like protectionism, trade barriers, and balance of payments accounts.
(1) PepsiCo entered the Pakistani market in 1967 and is now the sixth largest global beverage market and leader in potato chips. (2) Macroenvironmental factors like demographics, economics, technology, and sociocultural norms influence PepsiCo's strategies and sales. (3) Key factors are Pakistan's large youth population, urbanization, hot climate suiting soft drinks, and increasing incomes boosting consumption.
This document provides an overview of consumer decision making by outlining key concepts across 8 chapters. It examines why marketing managers should understand consumer behavior and analyzes the 5 stages of the consumer decision making process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It also identifies the types of consumer buying decisions based on involvement and discusses cultural, social, psychological, and individual factors that influence purchasing.
Bill Pink_Integrated Marketing 3.0_CAMA_April12Chicago AMA
The document discusses using cross-media measurement to evaluate an integrated marketing campaign for Dove Men+Care. It summarizes that:
1) Dove launched a new line of men's personal wash products in January 2010 using an integrated campaign across TV, print, and online media.
2) Tracking showed the campaign was most effective in February, when TV advertising peaked around the Super Bowl, driving increases in brand awareness and purchase intent.
3) A cross-media study found online media, combined with other exposures, drove greater impacts than previous launches, and each medium performed best at different frequency levels.
LESSON-1-IBAT-globalization and 5 emergenceAngelMeneses15
The document discusses the concept of globalization and its key drivers. It defines globalization as the merging of historically separate national markets into a single global marketplace, as well as the globalization of production through outsourcing. The main drivers of globalization have been declining trade barriers, technological advances in communication and transportation, and changing global demographics as emerging markets grow. The document also outlines some of the debates around the impacts of globalization on jobs, income inequality, and national sovereignty.
This document discusses emerging markets and their economic development. It begins by defining emerging markets and listing some of the largest ones, including China and India. It then discusses how marketing must adapt to changing consumer needs during economic development. Several models of economic development are presented, followed by classifications of countries by level of development. Key factors in the growth of newly industrialized countries are outlined. The role of infrastructure and information technology in development is also examined. Characteristics and recent economic histories of some large emerging markets like Brazil, China, and India are provided. Finally, some of the challenges multinational companies face when marketing in emerging markets are summarized.
This document summarizes key factors that determine a country's level of economic development according to an international business textbook. It discusses metrics like gross national income per capita, purchasing power parity, economic growth rates, and the Human Development Index. Political systems like democracy and property rights protection are seen as important for innovation and entrepreneurship. Geography, education levels, and political/economic reforms can also influence economic progress. The document considers implications for international managers in evaluating country markets and risks.
This document provides an overview of globalization and international linkages. It discusses key topics like the definition of international management, globalization and its impacts, regional economic integrations like the EU and NAFTA, shifting economic powers with the rise of countries like China and India, and an analysis of established and emerging economies around the world. Specific regions that are analyzed include Central/Eastern Europe, China, other Asian markets, India, South America, the Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa.
This document summarizes a presentation on the relationship between trade, growth, poverty reduction, and human development. It makes three key points:
1. While economic growth is necessary for human development, it is not sufficient on its own. Trade liberalization does not guarantee poverty reduction, human development, or immediate economic growth.
2. The experiences of countries like China, India, and in East Asia show that high trade barriers and a gradual approach to liberalization are not incompatible with strong economic growth.
3. For trade to effectively reduce poverty and promote human development, growth must be employment-led and inclusive, and the benefits of growth must be shared widely through policies that reduce inequality in areas like health and education
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to globalization including:
1) International business refers to cross-border trade and transactions.
2) Globalization is driven by factors like technology advancement, reduction in trade barriers, and increasing consumer demand.
3) Understanding the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTEL) factors in different countries is important for businesses operating globally.
The document discusses emerging markets and economic development. It describes how countries have shifted from being hostile to foreign investment to seeking economic growth through globalization. Countries like China, India, and others are undergoing changes to become vast markets. The stages of economic development are outlined from traditional societies to mass consumption societies. Factors like infrastructure, information technology, and market forces shape how marketing strategies must be adapted for different levels of development in emerging economies.
The 2016 Global Retail Development Index - ATKearney 2016Oliver Grave
China remains the top country according to the 2016 Global Retail Development Index, despite its economic challenges. India moves to second place due to its huge market potential and improved business climate. The Index finds opportunities in emerging markets in Asia and Africa, while Latin America and Russia face struggles from economic and political issues. Four scenarios for developing market retail in 2030 are examined based on trade openness and technology evolution, with an $8 trillion difference in potential global retail sales depending on the scenario.
The document discusses several aspects of the changing global economic environment since World War II. It notes that global markets have emerged and displaced local competitors. Economic integration has increased from 10% to 50% over the 20th century, particularly in Europe and North America. The automobile industry was once composed of local brands but is now highly globalized. Other changes discussed include increased capital movement, changing relationships between productivity and employment, and the emergence of a dominant world economy.
Africa tapping into growth opportunities challenges and strategies for cons...Dr Lendy Spires
Africa represents a significant growth opportunity for consumer products companies due to its growing population, increasing urbanization, and rising incomes. While risks must be considered, companies can succeed in Africa by adapting products to local needs, investing in communities, and taking a long-term view. Coca-Cola and Unilever are cited as examples through strategies like product modifications, partnerships with small retailers, and sustainable sourcing programs. When expanding operations, companies should build local presence, leverage first-mover advantage, and gain government relationships.
Chapter 5 How Managers Use Balance of Payments Data – p.213Do.docxrobertad6
Chapter 5: How Managers Use Balance of Payments Data – p.213
Do some research on the items in the table below and see if you see a pattern with the various country’s economies:
1. What is the G7?
2. What is the E7?
G7 Countries
Continent where the country lies
GDP
Ease of Doing Business
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
NOTE: When you find the GDP (Gross National Product) note the year – you may not have 2018 statistics. That is okay –find the latest data available. You may need to search for the Ranking of Ease of Doing Business – and then find the countries that make up the G7 or the E7.
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E7 Countries
Continent where the country lies
GDP
Ease of Doing Business
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A. Compare the 2 groups of countries – explain your findings.
Globalization Effects on Country Institutions, People and Business
Chapter 3
Key Points for the Chapter
Economic development comprises positive economic growth and entails changes in a country’s political, economic, and cultural institutions, as well as in individual values, attitudes, and behaviors.
Economic development requires resources from public and private sectors, both internal and external.
Technology transfers by international corporations comprise manufacturing technologies, management organizations, and marketing know-how.
Intro: The Economic Development Process
Economic development is the progress countries make in living standards as they experience positive economic growth and the changes occurring in societal and cultural institutions and values as nations move toward more advanced stages of industrialization.
Economic progress demonstrates human progress, and more pragmatically, it keeps politicians in power, companies busy, and consumers (and voters) optimistic about the future.
Technology Transfers
International trade, investments, and global media have opened world markets up to a variety of modernizing influences.
In general terms, technology transfers occur as corporations enter new markets with products, technologies, lifestyles, and business methods developed in their home and other international markets.
Technology transfers first affect urban segments of developing countries where there are developed infrastructures and pocket of economically significant customers.
As media become commercialization and distribution channels are built into rural areas, greater proportions of developing-country populations come into contact with modernization influences.
4
Positive Effects
Positive effects occur as societies are exposed to broad varieties of products that make lives easier.
Convenience products such as packaged foods, and consumer durables such as refrigerators, radios, televisions, and stoves have positive effects on consumer lifestyles.
New technologies in manufacturing and distribution make products cheaper and more widely available. They provide employment opportunities for lo.
This document provides an overview of international marketing management and marketing research. It discusses key concepts such as the definition of international marketing, differences between domestic and international marketing environments, factors that drive international expansion, and levels of international marketing involvement. It also covers topics like the balance of payments, trade barriers, and the scope and process of conducting international marketing research. The document is intended to provide a framework for understanding international marketing management and how marketing research supports decision making in foreign markets.
Macroeconomic Developments in Low-Income Developing CountriesDr Lendy Spires
The IMF staff paper examines macroeconomic developments in low-income developing countries (LIDCs) between 2000-2014. It finds that while most LIDCs experienced strong economic growth, it was primarily driven by factor accumulation rather than productivity. About half of LIDCs are assessed as medium to highly vulnerable to external shocks, with weakened fiscal positions being a key vulnerability. Looking ahead, LIDCs face economic headwinds from slow growth in advanced economies. To strengthen resilience, policy actions to rebuild fiscal buffers and strengthen debt management are priorities.
An emerging nation is a developing country that has achieved some industrial capacity and economic growth but has not yet reached the standards of a fully industrialized nation. The document discusses key characteristics of emerging nations, including countries like Brazil, India, China and others. Emerging nations have a growing middle class and growing domestic consumer markets, as well as opportunities for export-led growth. They also face risks associated with potential political and economic instability, currency fluctuations and developing regulatory systems.
The document discusses key opportunities and challenges for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that the SDGs present a major opportunity for global transformation across economic, social, environmental and governance dimensions. However, it also outlines several risks that could materialize including a decline in global growth and capital flows. The document emphasizes that investing in areas like human capital, infrastructure, resilience and digital technologies will be essential to harness opportunities from technological changes and achieve the SDGs. Close monitoring and coordinated international cooperation will also be needed to navigate the risks and enable inclusive and sustainable development worldwide.
Latin American Economic Outlook 2013 SME Policies for Structural ChangeWesley Schwalje
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean cites Tahseen Consulting's research while discussing the impact of workforce skills gaps on small and medium enterprise development.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Time zones do make a difference and it is easier to work with countries and regions in the same/similar time zones. Economic growth and trade is more likely to take place within regions in the same time zone due to the ease of doing business.
Being in Europe is an advantage for trade with Africa and the Middle East, both due to time zones and geographic proximity.
The United States, Germany, and Japan are fully industrialized. Brazil, Russia, and China are rapidly industrializing.
Quiksilver manages its global operations from three bases: California, Avalon, and Australia.
There are major changes forthcoming in world regions, with emerging markets accounting for a majority of the growth in the next 20 years. The liberalization of markets due to transition to capitalist governments or just change in political parties as well as the emergence of many regional trade alliances will bring about many changes.
These and other countries have an ever-expanding and changing demand for goods and services. Luxury cars in China; Avon cosmetics in South Korea; Walmart discount stores in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, China, and Thailand; McDonald’s Big Macs with chicken patties in India; Whirlpool washers and refrigerators in eastern Europe; Sara Lee food products in Indonesia; and Amway products in the Czech Republic represent opportunities in emerging markets.
The current level of economic development dictates the kind and degree of existing market potential.
Exhibit 9.2 illustrates the differences in income and consumer possessions across the eight most populous American nations.
Exhibit 9.2 summarizes data regarding the standards of living in the most populous American countries that evince a spectrum of development despite their similar sizes. The lowest levels of development often do not collect or report data suitable for international resources such as Euromonitor International or the World Bank. It is interesting to note the differences in income and consumer possessions across the eight most populous American nations.
These NICs have become formidable exporters of many products, including steel, automobiles, machine tools, clothing, and electronics, as well as vast markets for imported products. Brazil provides an example of the growing importance of NICs in world trade, exporting everything from alcohol-based fuels to carbon steel. Brazilian orange juice, poultry, soybeans, and weapons (Brazil is the world’s sixth-largest weapons exporter) compete with U.S. products for foreign markets.
These NICs have become formidable exporters of many products, including steel, automobiles, machine tools, clothing, and electronics, as well as vast markets for imported products. Brazil provides an example of the growing importance of NICs in world trade, exporting everything from alcohol-based fuels to carbon steel. Brazilian orange juice, poultry, soybeans, and weapons (Brazil is the world’s sixth-largest weapons exporter) compete with U.S. products for foreign markets.
Some analysts attribute the faster growth of some to cultural values, others to cheap labor, and still others to an educated and literate population.
Cuba still struggles to regain its foothold in international markets after the demise of its robust trade with the Communist Bloc countries in the 1990s.
Key industries were encouraged to achieve better positions in world markets by directing resources into promising target sectors.
The final factors are large, accessible markets with low tariffs.
To have preferential access to regional trade groups, Chile in 2003 and Central American countries in 2005 signed free trade agreements with the United States.
Brazilian production of coffee has almost always determined world prices for the brew. Now this commercial dominance is being challenged in two ways. First, Vietnam’s burgeoning new production caused world coffee prices to crash in recent years, from a high of $1.85 per pound in 1997 to about $.50 in 2001. Circa 2015 prices are now back to about $2.00 per pound, after peaking at $3.00 in 2010. And Starbucks is changing the global game in retail coffee distribution—including in its store in the heart of São Paulo, the historical center of coffee production in Brazil and the world.
Information technology can jump-start national economies and allow them to leapfrog from high levels of illiteracy to computer literacy.
The Internet accelerates economic growth by speeding up the diffusion of new products and innovations. It allows for innovative services at a relatively inexpensive cost.
Today, foreign investors are seen as vital partners in economic development. Many countries have deregulated industries, opened their doors to foreign investment, lowered trade barriers, and begun privatizing SOEs. The trend toward privatization is currently a major economic phenomenon in industrialized as well as in developing countries.
A country that has the ability to produce commodities for export may be unable to export them because of an inadequate infrastructure. For example, Mexico’s economy has been throttled by its archaic transport system.
Rail: Travel by Rail (passenger-km per capita)
Cars: Passenger Cars/1000 People
Energy: Energy Consumption (tonnes oil equivalent per capita)
Phones: Mobile Phones in Use per 1000
Literacy: Literacy Rate (%)
University Students: % of Eligible within 5 years of High School
The three adaptations are:
1. Rather than adapting global products for local conditions, fusion products may be more appropriate. Example: holistic medicine.
2. Rather than diffusion of innovations, the focus of new product development should be on affordability and accessibility.
3. National brand advantage will be more important than other sorts of country-of-origin advantages.
Exhibit 9.4 (table) is a static model representing an idealized evolutionary process.
Production and consumption patterns vary across the three sectors.
The most frightening trend in 21st century developed countries is the bifurcation of markets into rich and poor.
Commerce researchers predict that imports to the countries identified as big emerging markets (BEMs), with half the world’s population and accounting for 25 percent of the industrialized world’s GDP today, will soon be 50 percent of that of the industrialized world. With a combined GDP of over $2 trillion, BEMs already account for as large a share of world output as Germany and the United Kingdom combined, and exports to the BEMs exceed exports to Europe and Japan combined.
India, China, Brazil, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, and South Africa are prominent examples of countries the Department of Commerce has identified as BEMs. Egypt, the Philippines, Venezuela, and Colombia may warrant inclusion in the near future.
Because many of these countries lack modern infrastructure, much of the expected growth will be in industrial sectors.
The agreement between the United States and Canada was not a customs union like the European Community; no economic or political union of any kind was involved. It provided only for the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers.
The purpose of NAFTA was to generate income and employment gains and enhance global competitiveness of NAFTA firms. Combined intra-regional trade represents 40 percent of NAFTA exports and 378 million people have a combined GDP of $7.68 trillion. Each member will have its own tariff arrangements with nonmember countries. Mexican exports grew to both the U.S. and Canada. Mexico was expected to grow at 6 percent annually.
Geographic proximity allows Mexicans from Baja, California, to attend Padres baseball games in close-by San Diego. The team maintains this successful store just across the border in Plaza Rio shopping center in Tijuana. And of course, historically, Padre Junipero Serra had visited both places in the late 1700s while establishing the chain of missions in old Spanish California. NAFTA also gave Taco Bell a second shot at making it in Mexico; this store was in Monterrey. The company’s 1992, pre-NAFTA incursion failed. Unfortunately the store pictured here also closed in 2010, simply for lack of patronage.
DR-CAFTA represents another important step toward the ultimate goal of a free trade agreement encompassing all the Americas. The Ease of Doing Business Index 30 is a ranking based on a combination of 10 different measures, such as ease of “starting a business,” “registering property,” and “enforcing a contract.”
Because Mercosur members were concerned about sacrificing sovereign control over taxes and other policy matters, the agreement envisioned no central institutions similar to those of the European Union institutions.
In addition, negotiations have been underway since 1999 for a free trade agreement between the European Union and Mercosur, the first region-to-region free trade accord. Although negotiations will not be easy, Mercosur and the European Union should be able to reach an accord. Mercosur has assumed the leadership in setting the agenda for the creation of a free trade area of the Americas or, more likely, a South American Free Trade Area (SAFTA).
CARICOM continues to seek stronger ties with other groups in Latin America and has signed a trade agreement with Cuba.
For example, members of the middle class in emerging markets do not own two automobiles and suburban homes, and healthcare and housing in some cases are subsidized, freeing income to spend on refrigerators, TVs, radios, better clothing, and special treats. Exhibit 9.5 illustrates the percentage of household income spent on various classes of goods and services.
Emerging markets will be the growth areas of the 21st century.