Chapter 9 abbreviations (1)
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This document highlights five medical abbreviations and acronyms related to the genitourinary system: GU, which refers to the urinary and reproductive systems combined. It discusses reasons for catheterization like after surgery or for critically ill patients, which involves inserting a sterile tube into the bladder to drain urine. It also covers urinary tract infections caused by bacteria entering the urinary system, and chronic and acute renal failure, which are the gradual or sudden loss of kidney function.
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The Urinary System: 5 Abbreviations
The document provides information on various medical terminology and procedures related to the urinary system. It defines catheterization as the insertion of a catheter into the bladder to allow urine to freely drain. It describes different types of catheters including Foley catheters which are retained via a balloon, and Texas and straight catheters. It also defines extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as a non-invasive procedure to break up kidney stones, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a test to measure kidney function, intravenous pyelogram (IVP) as an x-ray with contrast to view the urinary system, and chronic renal failure (CRF) as a condition where
Portal vein & portocaval anastomosis
The portal vein collects blood from the abdominal organs and conveys it to the liver. It breaks up into sinusoids in the liver, where the blood mixes with hepatic arterial blood. When the portal vein is obstructed, collateral circulation develops through portosystemic communications, most notably esophageal varices, caput medusae around the umbilicus, and hemorrhoids in the anal canal, which are clinical signs of portal hypertension.
Portosystemic shunt
A portosystemic shunt is an abnormal connection between the portal vein and systemic circulation that allows blood to bypass the liver. This can cause hepatic atrophy and encephalopathy due to toxins not being filtered. There are congenital and acquired shunts, which are diagnosed using bloodwork, imaging, and dye studies. Treatment involves a low protein diet, antibiotics, and lactulose to control symptoms. Surgical treatment aims to ligate the shunt via suture, bands, or coils to redirect blood flow to the liver. Post-op management and lifestyle changes are needed as the liver regenerates.
Portacaval Anastomosis
The document discusses the portal circulation system and portal hypertension. The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. It carries deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs to the liver. Five sites in the body allow blood to flow between the portal and systemic circulation systems. Portal hypertension occurs when increased blood pressure in the portal vein is caused by liver cirrhosis or thrombosis. Consequences of portal hypertension include esophageal and hemorrhoidal varices, caput medusae, ascites, and splenomegaly. Treatment options consist of band ligation, sclerotherapy, portosystemic shunts, and TIPSS procedures.
Chapter 9 powerpoint
The document summarizes key aspects of the kidney and urinary system. It discusses the location and functions of the kidneys, components of urine like water and electrolytes. It further describes kidney conditions like Acute Tubular Necrosis, treatments for kidney failure including hemodialysis and access methods. It also outlines urinary tract infections and bladder neck obstruction, defining each and their associated symptoms and treatments.
Portal vein thrombosis
1. A 63-year-old male presented with multiple round to oval lesions in the liver, with the largest measuring 53x48x56mm.
2. Color Doppler ultrasound revealed a prominent main portal vein with intraluminal thrombus extending into the left and right branches.
3. The findings are consistent with portal vein thrombosis.
Urinary System
The document discusses benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), its causes, symptoms, and treatments. BPH involves the gradual enlargement of the prostate gland due to hormonal imbalances in aging males. This causes compression of the urethra and urinary obstruction, which can lead to complications like urinary tract infections and renal failure if left untreated. Diagnostic tests and treatments include medications to reduce obstruction and surgical procedures like TURP.
Urinary system
UTIs are infections of the urinary tract, usually caused by E. coli bacteria. Symptoms include burning pain when urinating, blood in the urine, and frequent urges to urinate. A cystoscopy uses a cystoscope to visually examine the bladder. Catheterization inserts a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine or insert dye. A retrograde pyelogram inserts dye through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis for an x-ray. A BUN test measures kidney function by testing blood levels of urea.
Recommended
The Urinary System: 5 Abbreviations
The document provides information on various medical terminology and procedures related to the urinary system. It defines catheterization as the insertion of a catheter into the bladder to allow urine to freely drain. It describes different types of catheters including Foley catheters which are retained via a balloon, and Texas and straight catheters. It also defines extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as a non-invasive procedure to break up kidney stones, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as a test to measure kidney function, intravenous pyelogram (IVP) as an x-ray with contrast to view the urinary system, and chronic renal failure (CRF) as a condition where
Portal vein & portocaval anastomosis
The portal vein collects blood from the abdominal organs and conveys it to the liver. It breaks up into sinusoids in the liver, where the blood mixes with hepatic arterial blood. When the portal vein is obstructed, collateral circulation develops through portosystemic communications, most notably esophageal varices, caput medusae around the umbilicus, and hemorrhoids in the anal canal, which are clinical signs of portal hypertension.
Portosystemic shunt
A portosystemic shunt is an abnormal connection between the portal vein and systemic circulation that allows blood to bypass the liver. This can cause hepatic atrophy and encephalopathy due to toxins not being filtered. There are congenital and acquired shunts, which are diagnosed using bloodwork, imaging, and dye studies. Treatment involves a low protein diet, antibiotics, and lactulose to control symptoms. Surgical treatment aims to ligate the shunt via suture, bands, or coils to redirect blood flow to the liver. Post-op management and lifestyle changes are needed as the liver regenerates.
Portacaval Anastomosis
The document discusses the portal circulation system and portal hypertension. The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein. It carries deoxygenated blood from the digestive organs to the liver. Five sites in the body allow blood to flow between the portal and systemic circulation systems. Portal hypertension occurs when increased blood pressure in the portal vein is caused by liver cirrhosis or thrombosis. Consequences of portal hypertension include esophageal and hemorrhoidal varices, caput medusae, ascites, and splenomegaly. Treatment options consist of band ligation, sclerotherapy, portosystemic shunts, and TIPSS procedures.
Chapter 9 powerpoint
The document summarizes key aspects of the kidney and urinary system. It discusses the location and functions of the kidneys, components of urine like water and electrolytes. It further describes kidney conditions like Acute Tubular Necrosis, treatments for kidney failure including hemodialysis and access methods. It also outlines urinary tract infections and bladder neck obstruction, defining each and their associated symptoms and treatments.
Portal vein thrombosis
1. A 63-year-old male presented with multiple round to oval lesions in the liver, with the largest measuring 53x48x56mm.
2. Color Doppler ultrasound revealed a prominent main portal vein with intraluminal thrombus extending into the left and right branches.
3. The findings are consistent with portal vein thrombosis.
Urinary System
The document discusses benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), its causes, symptoms, and treatments. BPH involves the gradual enlargement of the prostate gland due to hormonal imbalances in aging males. This causes compression of the urethra and urinary obstruction, which can lead to complications like urinary tract infections and renal failure if left untreated. Diagnostic tests and treatments include medications to reduce obstruction and surgical procedures like TURP.
Urinary system
UTIs are infections of the urinary tract, usually caused by E. coli bacteria. Symptoms include burning pain when urinating, blood in the urine, and frequent urges to urinate. A cystoscopy uses a cystoscope to visually examine the bladder. Catheterization inserts a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine or insert dye. A retrograde pyelogram inserts dye through the urethra to outline the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis for an x-ray. A BUN test measures kidney function by testing blood levels of urea.
Portal
The document summarizes the clinical anatomy of the portal system and changes that occur in portal hypertension. It describes the normal anatomy of the portal vein and its tributaries. In portal hypertension, increased pressure occurs from cirrhosis which causes compression of hepatic veins and formation of abnormal connections between hepatic arteries and portal veins. This leads to pathological features like esophageal varices, splenomegaly, and ascites.
Portalveinportocavalanatomosis 160518041049
The portal vein carries deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. In portal hypertension, blood pressure in the portal vein is elevated above normal levels due to conditions that obstruct blood flow through the liver. This causes the formation of collateral blood vessels at sites where the portal and systemic circulations connect. Rupture of these varicose veins can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Management focuses on controlling bleeding episodes and reducing fluid buildup through medications and procedures like TIPS that help bypass blocked liver vessels.
Pleural effusions
There are two main types of pleural effusions - transudative and exudative. Transudative effusions have low protein levels and do not meet Light's criteria, while exudative effusions have high protein levels due to leaky capillaries around the pleura. Common causes of pleural effusions include congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, subdiaphragmatic processes, infections like parapneumonic effusions, neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. Diagnostic thoracentesis is important for analyzing pleural fluid via Light's criteria and other tests to determine the specific cause of the effusion.
Human excrection
The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
Science human excretion
The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
Human excrection
The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
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The hepatic portal vein drains blood from the abdominal organs into the liver before exiting into the inferior vena cava. It forms at the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. In the liver, it divides into right and left branches that further branch into hepatic sinusoids. Portosystemic anastomoses allow blood to bypass the liver in portal hypertension, leading to collateral circulation and varices in locations like the esophagus, anus, and abdomen.
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This document provides an overview of abbreviations and concepts related to the urinary system. It defines abbreviations like BUN, CATH, UTI, and ARF. It describes tests like BUN, urinalysis, and catheterization. It covers conditions like UTI, explaining causes and symptoms. It also discusses acute renal failure, its causes from reduced blood flow, poisoning, infections, or blockages, and potential symptoms like nausea and back pain.
Infections of the Urinary Tract
Urinary tract infections are common and are usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. UTIs can involve the lower tract including the bladder (cystitis) or the upper tract including the kidneys (pyelonephritis). Common symptoms of a lower UTI include burning with urination, frequent urination, and pelvic pain. A upper UTI may cause fever, chills, back pain and nausea. UTIs are generally treated with antibiotics like cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole based on the location and severity of the infection.
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The urinary system consists of paired kidneys, ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra. Common urinary disorders include infections, kidney diseases, stones, and failures of the system. Acute and chronic renal failures occur when the kidneys suddenly or progressively lose their ability to filter waste from the blood.
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The document summarizes information about the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), their causes and symptoms, and common treatments. It also covers acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF), explaining their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is described as a way to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning.
Urinary system disorders.pptx1
The document provides an overview of the urinary system and disorders that can affect it. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys and nephrons. Some key urinary disorders summarized include:
1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are common in women and caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. Symptoms can include painful urination.
2. Kidney stones, solid mineral deposits that can block the urinary tract. Treatment includes shockwave lithotripsy to break up stones.
3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate common in aging men that causes urinary problems. Treatments include medications
Urinary Tract Infection
The document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system and discusses the causes, symptoms, and typical treatment approaches for UTIs. Key points include:
- The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to produce, store, and eliminate urine from the body.
- UTIs are usually caused by bacterial infections entering the urinary tract. Common symptoms include pain or burning with urination, frequent urination, and abdominal pain.
- Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam checking for tenderness, and urine testing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics prescribed based on infection severity
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The portal vein carries deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. In portal hypertension, blood pressure in the portal vein is elevated above normal levels due to conditions that obstruct blood flow through the liver. This causes the formation of collateral blood vessels at sites where the portal and systemic circulations connect. Rupture of these varicose veins can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Management focuses on controlling bleeding episodes and reducing fluid buildup through medications and procedures like TIPS that help bypass blocked liver vessels.
Pleural effusions
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The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
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The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
Human excrection
The kidneys filter blood to produce urine through microscopic nephrons. The nephron consists of Bowman's capsule which filters everything except blood cells and plasma proteins into the proximal tubule. Useful substances like glucose, water, and salt are reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the proximal tubule. Dangerous substances are secreted into the distal tubule. The filtrate then passes through the collecting duct where more water is reabsorbed through diffusion due to higher salt concentrations, leaving mainly urea and other waste to be excreted through the urethra.
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The document provides definitions and descriptions of key terms related to the urinary system. It discusses the kidneys, which filter waste from the blood and produce urine. The urine travels from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters. The bladder stores urine until urination. Catheters are tubes that can drain or inject fluids into body cavities. Urinary tract infections occur when bacteria infects any part of the urinary system. Acute renal failure is the rapid loss of kidney function. Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen molecules and is essential for life.
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The kidney is an organ that filters waste from the blood and regulates fluid balance. It contains an outer cortex and inner medulla. Blood enters via the renal artery and leaves via the renal vein after being filtered through nephrons. Urine is drained from the kidney through the ureter into the bladder. Kidney functions include filtering waste, regulating minerals and producing hormones. Kidney diseases can be acute or chronic and cause injury or failure requiring dialysis or transplant. Kidney stones form from minerals in the urine.
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Surgical anatomy of hepatobiliary system by biswajit deka
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The document summarizes information about the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs), their causes and symptoms, and common treatments. It also covers acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF), explaining their causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test is described as a way to evaluate how well the kidneys are functioning.
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The document provides an overview of the urinary system and disorders that can affect it. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidneys and nephrons. Some key urinary disorders summarized include:
1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are common in women and caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. Symptoms can include painful urination.
2. Kidney stones, solid mineral deposits that can block the urinary tract. Treatment includes shockwave lithotripsy to break up stones.
3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate common in aging men that causes urinary problems. Treatments include medications
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The document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system and discusses the causes, symptoms, and typical treatment approaches for UTIs. Key points include:
- The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra and works to produce, store, and eliminate urine from the body.
- UTIs are usually caused by bacterial infections entering the urinary tract. Common symptoms include pain or burning with urination, frequent urination, and abdominal pain.
- Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam checking for tenderness, and urine testing. Treatment typically involves antibiotics prescribed based on infection severity
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Urinary system
The urinary system produces, stores, and eliminates urine and includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It was described along with abbreviations for chronic renal failure (CRF), urinary tract infection (UTI), and urine culture (UC). CRF is the progressive loss of renal function over time that can be detected by increased creatinine or urine protein. A UTI is a bacterial infection of the urinary tract that is more common in women and often treated with antibiotics. A UC is a test to detect bacteria in urine and determine antibiotic sensitivity to diagnose and treat a UTI.
Document
A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract. The most common type is a bladder infection. UTIs are usually caused by E. coli bacteria entering through the urethra. Symptoms depend on the location but can include pain during urination and cloudy urine. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, while prevention focuses on hygiene and drinking cranberry juice or capsules. Complications can include kidney damage if left untreated.
RENAL SYSTEM DISEASES and treatment involved
The renal/urinary system works to filter waste and toxins from the blood to produce urine. The main organs are the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine through glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Acute kidney failure occurs when the kidneys suddenly lose their ability to filter waste, potentially due to conditions that lower blood flow or directly damage the kidneys. Chronic kidney disease gradually reduces kidney function over time due to conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure. Treatment may include dialysis or kidney transplantation.
The urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra working together to produce, store, and eliminate urine. When these organs are not functioning properly, illnesses and diseases can develop. Diagnostic procedures like excretory urography, urine tests, and hemodialysis are used to detect issues by examining the urinary tract and kidney function or cleaning the blood. Common urinary problems addressed are urinary tract infections, bladder neck obstruction, and kidney failure requiring hemodialysis. Clean catch urine specimens are also discussed as a standard urine test procedure.
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4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Chapter 9 abbreviations (1)
- 1. A Little Means A Lot !!!
- 2. In this presentation I will highlight five medical abbreviations/acronyms and entail the origin and definitions of each.
- 3. Genitourinary System (GU) is the of the combination of the urinary and reproduction system. Organs include: Kidney Ureter Urethra Renal Artery
- 4. Reasons a person would be catheterized is: After surgery Urine output for critically injury person or ill person Prostate hypertrophy/Prostate Cancer Urine Specimen Bladder dysfunction Catheterization is the process in which a sterile thin tube with a balloon at the end is fill with sterile water to keep it in place is inserted into the bladder which allows urine to drain into a bag.
- 5. Urinary Tract Infection is caused by an bacteria entering in any part of the urinary tract through the urethra. The urinary system then becomes infected which includes: Urethra Kidneys Ureters Bladder
- 6. Chronic Renal Failure is the gradual loss of kidney function which is also known as kidney failure. Some symptoms of CRF are: Blood in urine Pain on the side or mid to lower back Insomnia Edema (swollen feet, hands and ankles) Decreased urine output CRF Acute Renal Failure is a sudden decline in renal function, which is created by a rise in serum. Some factors that may influence ARF are: Shock sepsis trauma, kidney stones, drug toxicity (substance abuse) ARF
- 7. www.thefreedictionary.com/urinary+organ www.emedicinehealth.com/foley_catheter www.mayoclinic.org/diseases 1998-2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research