The kidney is an organ that filters waste from the blood and regulates fluid balance. It contains an outer cortex and inner medulla. Blood enters via the renal artery and leaves via the renal vein after being filtered through nephrons. Urine is drained from the kidney through the ureter into the bladder. Kidney functions include filtering waste, regulating minerals and producing hormones. Kidney diseases can be acute or chronic and cause injury or failure requiring dialysis or transplant. Kidney stones form from minerals in the urine.

3. Adrenal gland- An endocrine gland that
sits on top of the kidney
Renal pelvis- The expanded proximal end
of the ureter, the renal pelvis receives
urine from the calyces
Renal Capsule- carries oxygenated blood
to the kidney.
Renal vein-Carries de- oxygenated blood
away from the kidney

4.  Medulla- The middle portion of the
internal structure of the kidney.
 Ureter- Tubule that drains urine from the
kidney into the bladder
 Cortex- The outer portion of the internal
structure of the kidney
 Abdominal Aorta- The renal arteries
branch off from this large blood vessel.
 Inferior vena cava- The main blood
vessel that drains blood from the lower
part of the body.
 Calyx- The cuplike extension of the renal
pelvis that urine empties into.

5.  Maintain the balance of water and
concentration of minerals. Such as
sodium, potassium, and phosphorus in
your blood
 Remove waste by products from the
blood after digestion, muscle activity
and exposure to chemical or
medications.
 Produce venin, an enzymes that help
regulate blood pressure.

6.  Produces erythropoietin, which
stimulates red blood cells.
 Produces an active form of vitamin D

7.  Acute Kidney Injury- Can occur with
blood loss, the sudden reduction of
blood loss, the sudden reduction of
blood flow to the kidney.
 Chronic Kidney disease- means kidneys
are damaged and cant filter blood as
they should. This could cause waste to
build up in your body. Diabetes and high
blood pressure are the most common
cause of chronic kidney disease. The
only option for kidney failure are dialysis
or kidney transplantation.

8.  Kidney Stone- Is a solid concretion or
crystal aggregation formed in the
kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine
 The risk of stone formation includes low
fluid intake and high dietary intake of
animal protein, sodium, refined sugars,
fructose and high fructose corn syrup.

9.  They leave the body by passage in the
urine stream.
 80% is men with kidney stone between
the ages of 30-40.

10.  They leave the body by passage in the
urine stream.
 80% is men with kidney stone between
the ages of 30-40.