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Chapter 7 ffi
- Portable fire extinguishers are classified based on the type of fuel that is burning and appropriate extinguishing agents are chosen accordingly. Common classifications include Class A for ordinary combustibles, Class B for flammable liquids, Class C for energized electrical fires, Class D for combustible metals, and Class K for cooking oils. - Fire extinguishers are also rated based on their capabilities. Ratings identify the types of fires they can be used on as well as their relative sizes. Instruction and practice is needed to properly select, inspect, maintain, and operate portable fire extinguishers for controlling small fires.
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Introduction to the essentials of fire fighting and portable fire extinguishers.
Overview of the classifications of portable fire extinguishers based on the type of fuel they extinguish.
Different types of fire extinguishers based on extinguishing agents and methods of operation.
Information about CO2 extinguishers, their operation, and precautions while using them.
Overview of dry chemical extinguishers, their properties, and cautions against mixing agents.
Procedures for using dry chemical extinguishers and ratings for portable extinguishers.
Factors to consider when selecting and using portable fire extinguishers.
Guidelines and procedures for the inspection, care, and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers.
Summary of the key points regarding the use, maintenance, and operation of fire extinguishers.
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Chapter 7 ffi
- 1. Essentials of FireFighting 6th Edition Firefighter I Chapter 7 — Portable Fire Extinguishers
- 2. Explain portable fireextinguisher classifications. Learning Objective 1 7–2
- 3. Portable fire extinguishersare chosen based on the type of fuel burning. 7–3
- 4. Fuel • Textiles • Paper •Plastics • Rubber • Wood Extinguished with: •Water •Water-based agents (Class A foam) •Dry Chemicals Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles. 7–4
- 5. Fuel • Alcohol • Gasoline •Lubricating Oils • Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Extinguished with: •Carbon Dioxide •Dry Chemicals •Class B Foam 7–5 Class B fires involve flammable, combustible liquids and gases.
- 6. Class C fireinvolves energized electrical equipment. 7–6 Treat as Class A or B once power is off
- 7. Class D firesinvolve combustible metals and alloys. 7–7
- 8. CAUTION! The use ofwater or water-based agents on Class D fires will cause the fire to react violently, emit bits of molten metal, and possibly injure firefighters close by. 7–8
- 9. Use dry powder,not dry chemical, extinguishers on Class D fires. 7–9
- 10. CAUTION! Do not usea dry chemical extinguisher on Class D fire. The dry chemical often reacts violently with burning metals. 7–10
- 11. Class K firesinvolve combustible cooking oils. 7–11 • Vegetable or animal fats • Burn at extreme temperatures • Found at commercial, institutional, industrial, home Controlled by wet chemical systems, portable extinguishers
- 12. REVIEW QUESTION How arethe classifications for portable fire extinguishers divided? 7–12
- 13. Describe types ofportable fire extinguishers. Learning Objective 2 7–13
- 14. Fire extinguishers areorganized by type of extinguishing agent and the method used to expel their contents. 7–14 (Cont.)
- 15. Fire extinguishes areorganized by type of extinguishing agent and the method used to expel their contents. 7–15
- 16. 7–16 Use pump-type waterextinguishers on small Class A fires, ground cover fires.
- 17. Use stored-pressure water extinguisherson small Class A fires. 7–17
- 18. Use water-mist stored-pressure extinguisherson Class C fires. 7–18 Deionized water Normal water Water-mist stored-pressure Stored-pressure water
- 19. Use wet chemicalstored-pressure extinguishers on Class K fires. 7–19 Potassium based, low pH Saponification CourtesyofRonMoore/McKinney(TX)FD
- 20. Use aqueous filmforming foam (AFFF) extinguishers on Class B fires, small fuel spills. 7–20
- 21. Clean agent extinguishersreplaced halogenated agents. 7–21 CourtesyofAnsulCorp.
- 22. REVIEW QUESTION What arethe differences between wet chemical stored-pressure, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), and clean agent extinguishers? 7–22
- 23. Carbon dioxide (CO2)extinguishers discharge as a gas and are most effective on Class B and C fires. 7–23
- 24. CO2 is storedunder its own pressure and is discharged through a plastic or rubber horn. 7–24 O2 CO2 Dry ice crystals • Smothers fire • Little cooling effect • Reignition possible
- 25. CAUTION! When carbon dioxideis discharged, a static electrical charge builds up on the discharge horn. Touching the horn before the charge has dissipated can result in a shock. 7–25
- 26. Operate wheeled (CO2)extinguishers in the same manner as handhelds. 7–26 CourtesyofBadgerFireProtection Commonly found in airports and industrial facilities
- 27. Dry chemical extinguishersuse additives to keep extinguishing agents ready for use, even after long storage periods. 7–27
- 28. Dry chemical extinguishersmay react chemically with other types of extinguishing agents. 7–28
- 29. WARNING! Never mix orcontaminate dry chemicals with any other type of agent. 7–29
- 30. Dry chemical agentsare considered nontoxic and safe for use. 7–30
- 31. Follow these stepswhen using dry chemical extinguishers on Class A fires. 7–31
- 32. Handheld dry chemical extinguisherscome in two basic designs. 7–32
- 33. CAUTION! When pressurizing acartridge-type extinguisher, do not place your head or any other part of your body above the top of the extinguisher. If the fill cap was not properly screwed back on, the cap and/or a cloud of agent can be forcibly discharged. 7–33
- 34. Wheeled dry chemical extinguishersoperate in a similar manner as handheld cartridge- types. 7–34 Agent Pressurizing gas Stretch out hose completely; powder can clog Allow few seconds to pressurize after introducing gas Prepare for significant nozzle reaction
- 35. CAUTION! The top ofthe extinguisher should be pointed away from the operator and any other nearby personnel when pressurizing the unit. 7–35
- 36. Use dry powderextinguishers on fires for Class D metals. 7–36
- 37. Dry powder createsa smothering blanket over burning area. 7–37
- 38. CAUTION! Water applied toa combustible metal fire results in a violent reaction that intensifies the combustion and causes bits of molten material to spatter in every direction. 7–38
- 39. Follow these stepsif burning metal is on a combustible surface. 7–39
- 40. REVIEW QUESTION How docarbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, and dry powder extinguishers differ? 7–40
- 41. Define the ratingsin a portable fire extinguisher rating system. Learning Objective 3 7–41
- 42. Fire extinguishers arerated according to performance capability. 7–42 (Cont.)
- 43. Fire extinguishers arerated according to performance capability. 7–43
- 44. Fire extinguishers ratedfor multiple classes of fire are identified by a combination of letters. 7–44
- 45. Fire extinguishers areidentified by colored geometric shapes or pictographs. 7–45
- 46. REVIEW QUESTION How arethe ratings used for portable fire extinguishers determined? 7–46
- 47. Explain the considerationstaken when selecting and using portable fire extinguishers. Learning Objective 4 7–47
- 48. Fire extinguishers arechosen to achieve two main goals. 7–48
- 49. Consider several factorswhen selecting the proper fire extinguisher. 7–49
- 50. Use clean agentor CO2 extinguishers in areas with computer equipment. 7–50 Dry chemicals can be damaging
- 51. Operating procedures forall fire extinguishers are similar, but be familiar with label instructions. 7–51 CourtesyofAnsulCorp.
- 52. Note Wear full structuralor wildland fire fighting personal protective equipment including appropriate respiratory protection when operating any portable fire extinguisher. Even small incipient fires will produce toxic gases that can injure you. 7–52
- 53. After you selectthe extinguisher make a quick visual inspection. 7–53
- 54. Follow these generalsteps for using fire extinguishers. 7–54 (Cont.)
- 55. Follow these generalsteps for using fire extinguishers. 7–55 • If not extinguished after full discharge, withdraw and reassess • If solid fuel, use appropriate tool to overhaul • If liquid fuel, appropriate foam may be necessary
- 56. Remember the following considerationswhen using extinguishers. 7–56
- 57. REVIEW QUESTION When usinga portable fire extinguisher, how can you determine the best way to use it? 7–57
- 58. Identify procedures usedfor the inspection, care, and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. Learning Objective 5 7–58
- 59. Inspection, care, andmaintenance of extinguishers are mandated by a number of organizations. 7–59
- 60. NFPA® 10 requires atleast an annual inspection; local SOPs establish policy. 7–60
- 61. Follow these generalprocedures for every extinguisher inspection. 7–61 (Cont.)
- 62. Follow these generalprocedures for every extinguisher inspection. 7–62
- 63. Follow these stepsif any extinguishers are found to be deficient. 7–63
- 64. Follow these generalguidelines when caring for extinguishers. 7–64 (Cont.)
- 65. Follow these generalguidelines when caring for extinguishers. 7–65
- 66. Clean extinguishers periodically andafter every use. 7–66
- 67. Extinguishers should beremoved from service for annual maintenance. 7–67
- 68. CAUTION! Never attempt torepair the shell or cylinder of a defective fire extinguisher. Contact the manufacturer for instructions on where to have it repaired or replaced. 7–68
- 69. REVIEW QUESTION What arethe basic procedures for the care and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers? 7–69
- 70. • Portable fireextinguishers can control or extinguish small incipient or early growth stage fires quickly in the hands of trained personnel; you must be familiar with their characteristics and be able to select and use them properly. Summary 7–70 (Cont.)
- 71. • Not onlyshould you be familiar with their characteristics and be able to select and use them properly, you must also be able to educate the public. • Inspecting, caring for, maintaining extinguishers assigned to your apparatus and facility are also important skills for you to have. Summary 7–71
- 72. Operate a stored-pressurewater extinguisher. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 7-I-1. Learning Objective 6 7–72
- 73. Operate a drychemical (ABC) extinguisher. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 7-I-2. Learning Objective 7 7–73
- 74. Operate a carbondioxide (CO2) extinguisher. This objective is measured in Skill Sheet 7-I-3. Learning Objective 8 7–74