This chapter discusses software development strategies and the role of the systems analyst. It covers topics like software as a service, outsourcing, in-house development, cost-benefit analysis, and prototyping. The chapter emphasizes that selecting the best development strategy requires considering factors like the impact of the internet, outsourcing options, and in-house alternatives. It also outlines the software acquisition process and guidelines for the transition from systems analysis to design.
Network management helps organizations achieve goals around availability, performance, and security. It facilitates scalability by analyzing current network behavior, applying upgrades, and troubleshooting problems. An effective network management strategy determines which resources to monitor, what metrics to use, and how to collect and analyze data. It also develops processes for fault, configuration, performance, security, and accounting management. Common components include managed devices that collect data, agents in devices, and network management systems that monitor devices and display information.
Required field - Field must contain a value
Data type - Field must contain correct data type (text, number, etc.)
Range check - Field value must fall within specified range of values
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Length check - Field value must be correct length
Format check - Field value must match specified format
Check digit validation - Field value must pass check digit test
Table lookup - Field value must exist in reference table
Cross-field check - Value of one field constrains values of other fields
Validation rules and input masks help ensure data quality and reduce errors. The chapter discusses principles of user-centered design and guidelines for effective user
The document outlines a 12-step program for developing network security strategies. It discusses identifying network assets and security risks, analyzing security requirements and tradeoffs, developing a security plan and policy, implementing technical security strategies, and maintaining security. It also covers securing different parts of the network like internet connections, servers, remote access, services, and wireless networks using mechanisms like firewalls, authentication, encryption, and wireless security protocols.
This document discusses key technical goals for network design including scalability, availability, performance, security, manageability, usability, adaptability and affordability. It defines these goals and discusses important considerations for each one. For example, it explains that availability can be expressed as a percentage of uptime or as MTBF and MTTR metrics. It also emphasizes that tradeoffs between these competing goals are usually necessary for effective design.
This chapter discusses requirements modeling techniques used in systems analysis, including joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. It covers modeling tools like functional decomposition diagrams and data flow diagrams. System requirements like outputs, inputs, processes and controls are defined. Fact-finding techniques like interviews, documentation review and observation are also introduced.
This document discusses requirements analysis and design. It covers the types and characteristics of requirements, as well as the tasks involved in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation, and management. It also discusses problems that commonly occur in requirements practices and solutions through proper requirements engineering. Additionally, it outlines goals and elements of analysis modeling, including flow-oriented, scenario-based, class-based, and behavioral modeling. Finally, it discusses the purpose and tasks of design engineering in translating requirements models into design models.
The document discusses the importance of documenting network designs, whether in response to a customer's request for proposal (RFP) or independently. It recommends that an RFP response follow the specified format and include topics like the design, implementation plan, pricing and qualifications. For independent documentation, it suggests including an executive summary, requirements, current/proposed designs, implementation plan and budget. Typical sections of a design document are executive summary, requirements, logical/physical designs, implementation plan and budget. Possible appendixes provide supplementary details.
List of Software Development Model and MethodsRiant Soft
RiantSoft a Software Development Company derived the most useful and different types of Software Development Model for the users who want to know the development process. RiantSoft is specialized in custom software development with latest cutting edge technologies.
Network management helps organizations achieve goals around availability, performance, and security. It facilitates scalability by analyzing current network behavior, applying upgrades, and troubleshooting problems. An effective network management strategy determines which resources to monitor, what metrics to use, and how to collect and analyze data. It also develops processes for fault, configuration, performance, security, and accounting management. Common components include managed devices that collect data, agents in devices, and network management systems that monitor devices and display information.
Required field - Field must contain a value
Data type - Field must contain correct data type (text, number, etc.)
Range check - Field value must fall within specified range of values
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Length check - Field value must be correct length
Format check - Field value must match specified format
Check digit validation - Field value must pass check digit test
Table lookup - Field value must exist in reference table
Cross-field check - Value of one field constrains values of other fields
Validation rules and input masks help ensure data quality and reduce errors. The chapter discusses principles of user-centered design and guidelines for effective user
The document outlines a 12-step program for developing network security strategies. It discusses identifying network assets and security risks, analyzing security requirements and tradeoffs, developing a security plan and policy, implementing technical security strategies, and maintaining security. It also covers securing different parts of the network like internet connections, servers, remote access, services, and wireless networks using mechanisms like firewalls, authentication, encryption, and wireless security protocols.
This document discusses key technical goals for network design including scalability, availability, performance, security, manageability, usability, adaptability and affordability. It defines these goals and discusses important considerations for each one. For example, it explains that availability can be expressed as a percentage of uptime or as MTBF and MTTR metrics. It also emphasizes that tradeoffs between these competing goals are usually necessary for effective design.
This chapter discusses requirements modeling techniques used in systems analysis, including joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), and agile methods. It covers modeling tools like functional decomposition diagrams and data flow diagrams. System requirements like outputs, inputs, processes and controls are defined. Fact-finding techniques like interviews, documentation review and observation are also introduced.
This document discusses requirements analysis and design. It covers the types and characteristics of requirements, as well as the tasks involved in requirements engineering including inception, elicitation, elaboration, negotiation, specification, validation, and management. It also discusses problems that commonly occur in requirements practices and solutions through proper requirements engineering. Additionally, it outlines goals and elements of analysis modeling, including flow-oriented, scenario-based, class-based, and behavioral modeling. Finally, it discusses the purpose and tasks of design engineering in translating requirements models into design models.
The document discusses the importance of documenting network designs, whether in response to a customer's request for proposal (RFP) or independently. It recommends that an RFP response follow the specified format and include topics like the design, implementation plan, pricing and qualifications. For independent documentation, it suggests including an executive summary, requirements, current/proposed designs, implementation plan and budget. Typical sections of a design document are executive summary, requirements, logical/physical designs, implementation plan and budget. Possible appendixes provide supplementary details.
List of Software Development Model and MethodsRiant Soft
RiantSoft a Software Development Company derived the most useful and different types of Software Development Model for the users who want to know the development process. RiantSoft is specialized in custom software development with latest cutting edge technologies.
The document discusses software architecture design. It defines software architecture as the structure of components, relationships between components, and properties of components. An architectural design model can be applied to other systems and represents predictable ways to describe architecture. The architecture represents a system and enables analysis of effectiveness in meeting requirements and reducing risks. Key aspects of architectural design include communication between stakeholders, controlling complexity, consistency, reducing risks, and enabling reuse. Common architectural styles discussed include data-centered, data flow, call-and-return, object-oriented, and layered architectures.
The document discusses user interface design, which is the first task in the systems design phase. It covers principles of user-centered design like understanding the business and usability. Guidelines are provided for designing the user interface, such as making it transparent, easy to learn and use, and providing feedback. Different control features that can be added like menus, buttons and text boxes are also outlined. The document then covers output design, types of reports, and output technology, as well as input design including data entry screens, input masks, and validation rules.
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
Structured models for addressing and naming make networks easier to operate and manage. Addressing and naming schemes should be assigned hierarchically from a central or distributed authority. Public IP addresses are assigned by regional internet registries, while private addresses like 10.0.0.0/8 and 172.16.0.0/12 are non-routable and used internally. The choice of static versus dynamic addressing depends on factors like network size, availability needs, and whether additional configuration is required.
This document discusses the skills needed to be a successful systems analyst, including analytical skills, technical skills, management skills, and interpersonal skills. It focuses on analytical skills, describing key concepts like systems thinking, organizational knowledge, problem identification, and problem analysis and solving. Systems thinking involves understanding systems as interconnected components with inputs, outputs, and boundaries. Analytical skills also include understanding how organizations work and being able to identify problems by comparing the current situation to the desired outcome. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts.
System Administration: Introduction to system administrationKhang-Ling Loh
This document provides an overview of system administration, including the knowledge and skills required, typical duties, and various professional certification programs. System administration involves maintaining and operating computer systems and networks, with duties like monitoring security, managing user accounts, performing backups, and troubleshooting issues. Key knowledge areas include operating systems, applications, hardware/software troubleshooting, networking, security, programming, problem solving, and teamwork. Popular certification programs discussed are Linux Professional Institute (LPI), Ubuntu, Oracle, Solaris, IBM, HP, and Cisco, with information on exam requirements and costs.
The document discusses software requirements and specifications. It explains that requirements engineering is the process of establishing customer requirements for a system. Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements to detailed functional specifications. Both types of statements may be called requirements. The document also discusses different types of requirements like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides examples and explanations of each. The structure and intended users of a requirements document are also covered.
The document describes the Extreme Programming (XP) model, an agile software development methodology created by Kent Beck. It discusses the key assumptions and practices of XP, including short iterative development cycles, frequent integration and testing, pair programming, and prioritizing customer feedback. The advantages are reducing costs and risks through simplicity, spreading work across the team. Disadvantages include potential lack of upfront design and measurement of quality assurance.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
Architecture design in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
1) Software testing techniques like unit testing, white-box testing, and path testing were discussed. Unit testing involves equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. White-box testing requires knowledge of internal structure and aims for statement, branch, and path coverage.
2) Equivalence partitioning divides inputs into classes and one test per class is sufficient. Boundary value analysis tests boundaries of classes. Path coverage requires designing test cases to execute all linearly independent paths in a program.
3) Cyclomatic complexity provides a lower bound on number of test cases needed for path coverage. It is computed based on number of edges and nodes in a control flow graph. Automated testing tools can help with regression and UI testing.
This topic covers the following topics
Introduction
Golden rules of user interface design
Reconciling four different models
User interface analysis
User interface design
User interface evaluation
Example user interfaces
Requirement engineering (RE) involves defining system requirements during the development process. It deals specifically with the definition phase, where system services and constraints are established. RE is important because 40-60% of software project defects are related to shortcomings in requirements gathering and documentation. An inadequate requirements process can lead to unacceptable products that do not meet user needs, project overruns due to requirement changes, and missing key requirements.
Process Improvement in Software Engineering SE25koolkampus
The document discusses software process improvement. It explains the principles of process improvement and introduces the SEI Capability Maturity Model. It discusses process analysis, modeling, measurement, and classification. It addresses the applicability and limitations of the SEI model and different process choices based on factors like project size.
Usability testing involves having users interact with a product to evaluate how easy or difficult it is to use. Formal testing uses a dedicated lab with equipment, while informal testing observes users in ordinary settings with minimal equipment. The basic process involves planning tasks, selecting participants, conducting sessions, analyzing results, and making recommendations. Tests should have a plan, task list, and observe participants to identify problems and improve the user experience.
This document discusses various methods for determining system requirements, including traditional and modern approaches. It covers interviewing users using open-ended and closed-ended questions, observing workers, analyzing documents, joint application design (JAD), and prototyping. JAD brings together key stakeholders to gather requirements simultaneously while prototyping involves building an early version of the system to refine requirements. The document also discusses business process reengineering to identify processes for radical change through new technologies. The goal is to understand what a system should do through gathering information from different sources.
This course covers software requirement engineering over 10 topics, including basics, processes, management, and tools. Students will be assessed through a final exam (60%), midterm (15%), and tutorials/presentations (25%). The course lab will provide hands-on experience with requirements tools and models. Requirements are conditions that must be met by a system, and define customer expectations, system boundaries, and quality attributes from different perspectives. Poor requirements can lead to imprecise, ambiguous, contradictory, changing, low quality requirements or missing requirements.
This document discusses software project management. It defines software as a collection of programs, instructions, key-value-character sets. It defines a project as a planned activity with specific objectives that is carried out over a predetermined time span in several phases with constrained resources. The key idea of software project management is planning, monitoring, and controlling software projects to ensure they satisfy real needs by identifying stakeholders and objectives. Proper management is important as surveys found most projects were late or over budget due to a lack of proven project management and risk management skills.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and V-model. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each model. In conclusion, the RAD model is identified as the best model to implement for a software project since it emphasizes delivering projects in smaller pieces to encourage user involvement and provide greater flexibility.
The document discusses requirements analysis and specification in software engineering. It defines what requirements are and explains the typical activities involved - requirements gathering, analysis, and specification. The importance of documenting requirements in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is explained. Key sections of an SRS like stakeholders, types of requirements (functional and non-functional), and examples are covered. Special attention is given to requirements for critical systems and importance of non-functional requirements.
Chapter 7 Development StrategiesInformation Technology Project Management .pptxAxmedMaxamuudYoonis
This chapter discusses software development strategies, including software as a service, web-based development, outsourcing, and in-house development. It covers evaluating alternatives using cost-benefit analysis and financial tools. The software acquisition process and role of requirements documents are described. The transition from analysis to design is explained along with guidelines for logical and physical design.
This chapter discusses software development strategies, including software as a service, web-based development, outsourcing, and in-house development. It covers evaluating alternatives through cost-benefit analysis and financial tools. The software acquisition process involves identifying requirements, potential vendors, evaluating alternatives, performing cost analysis, making a recommendation, and implementing the solution. The chapter also describes the transition from analysis to design, including creating system documentation and prototypes.
The document discusses software architecture design. It defines software architecture as the structure of components, relationships between components, and properties of components. An architectural design model can be applied to other systems and represents predictable ways to describe architecture. The architecture represents a system and enables analysis of effectiveness in meeting requirements and reducing risks. Key aspects of architectural design include communication between stakeholders, controlling complexity, consistency, reducing risks, and enabling reuse. Common architectural styles discussed include data-centered, data flow, call-and-return, object-oriented, and layered architectures.
The document discusses user interface design, which is the first task in the systems design phase. It covers principles of user-centered design like understanding the business and usability. Guidelines are provided for designing the user interface, such as making it transparent, easy to learn and use, and providing feedback. Different control features that can be added like menus, buttons and text boxes are also outlined. The document then covers output design, types of reports, and output technology, as well as input design including data entry screens, input masks, and validation rules.
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
Structured models for addressing and naming make networks easier to operate and manage. Addressing and naming schemes should be assigned hierarchically from a central or distributed authority. Public IP addresses are assigned by regional internet registries, while private addresses like 10.0.0.0/8 and 172.16.0.0/12 are non-routable and used internally. The choice of static versus dynamic addressing depends on factors like network size, availability needs, and whether additional configuration is required.
This document discusses the skills needed to be a successful systems analyst, including analytical skills, technical skills, management skills, and interpersonal skills. It focuses on analytical skills, describing key concepts like systems thinking, organizational knowledge, problem identification, and problem analysis and solving. Systems thinking involves understanding systems as interconnected components with inputs, outputs, and boundaries. Analytical skills also include understanding how organizations work and being able to identify problems by comparing the current situation to the desired outcome. The document provides examples to illustrate these concepts.
System Administration: Introduction to system administrationKhang-Ling Loh
This document provides an overview of system administration, including the knowledge and skills required, typical duties, and various professional certification programs. System administration involves maintaining and operating computer systems and networks, with duties like monitoring security, managing user accounts, performing backups, and troubleshooting issues. Key knowledge areas include operating systems, applications, hardware/software troubleshooting, networking, security, programming, problem solving, and teamwork. Popular certification programs discussed are Linux Professional Institute (LPI), Ubuntu, Oracle, Solaris, IBM, HP, and Cisco, with information on exam requirements and costs.
The document discusses software requirements and specifications. It explains that requirements engineering is the process of establishing customer requirements for a system. Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements to detailed functional specifications. Both types of statements may be called requirements. The document also discusses different types of requirements like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides examples and explanations of each. The structure and intended users of a requirements document are also covered.
The document describes the Extreme Programming (XP) model, an agile software development methodology created by Kent Beck. It discusses the key assumptions and practices of XP, including short iterative development cycles, frequent integration and testing, pair programming, and prioritizing customer feedback. The advantages are reducing costs and risks through simplicity, spreading work across the team. Disadvantages include potential lack of upfront design and measurement of quality assurance.
This lecture provide a review of requirement engineering process. The slides have been prepared after reading Ian Summerville and Roger Pressman work. This lecture is helpful to understand user, and user requirements.
Architecture design in software engineeringPreeti Mishra
The document discusses software architectural design. It defines architecture as the structure of a system's components, their relationships, and properties. An architectural design model is transferable across different systems. The architecture enables analysis of design requirements and consideration of alternatives early in development. It represents the system in an intellectually graspable way. Common architectural styles structure systems and their components in different ways, such as data-centered, data flow, and call-and-return styles.
1) Software testing techniques like unit testing, white-box testing, and path testing were discussed. Unit testing involves equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. White-box testing requires knowledge of internal structure and aims for statement, branch, and path coverage.
2) Equivalence partitioning divides inputs into classes and one test per class is sufficient. Boundary value analysis tests boundaries of classes. Path coverage requires designing test cases to execute all linearly independent paths in a program.
3) Cyclomatic complexity provides a lower bound on number of test cases needed for path coverage. It is computed based on number of edges and nodes in a control flow graph. Automated testing tools can help with regression and UI testing.
This topic covers the following topics
Introduction
Golden rules of user interface design
Reconciling four different models
User interface analysis
User interface design
User interface evaluation
Example user interfaces
Requirement engineering (RE) involves defining system requirements during the development process. It deals specifically with the definition phase, where system services and constraints are established. RE is important because 40-60% of software project defects are related to shortcomings in requirements gathering and documentation. An inadequate requirements process can lead to unacceptable products that do not meet user needs, project overruns due to requirement changes, and missing key requirements.
Process Improvement in Software Engineering SE25koolkampus
The document discusses software process improvement. It explains the principles of process improvement and introduces the SEI Capability Maturity Model. It discusses process analysis, modeling, measurement, and classification. It addresses the applicability and limitations of the SEI model and different process choices based on factors like project size.
Usability testing involves having users interact with a product to evaluate how easy or difficult it is to use. Formal testing uses a dedicated lab with equipment, while informal testing observes users in ordinary settings with minimal equipment. The basic process involves planning tasks, selecting participants, conducting sessions, analyzing results, and making recommendations. Tests should have a plan, task list, and observe participants to identify problems and improve the user experience.
This document discusses various methods for determining system requirements, including traditional and modern approaches. It covers interviewing users using open-ended and closed-ended questions, observing workers, analyzing documents, joint application design (JAD), and prototyping. JAD brings together key stakeholders to gather requirements simultaneously while prototyping involves building an early version of the system to refine requirements. The document also discusses business process reengineering to identify processes for radical change through new technologies. The goal is to understand what a system should do through gathering information from different sources.
This course covers software requirement engineering over 10 topics, including basics, processes, management, and tools. Students will be assessed through a final exam (60%), midterm (15%), and tutorials/presentations (25%). The course lab will provide hands-on experience with requirements tools and models. Requirements are conditions that must be met by a system, and define customer expectations, system boundaries, and quality attributes from different perspectives. Poor requirements can lead to imprecise, ambiguous, contradictory, changing, low quality requirements or missing requirements.
This document discusses software project management. It defines software as a collection of programs, instructions, key-value-character sets. It defines a project as a planned activity with specific objectives that is carried out over a predetermined time span in several phases with constrained resources. The key idea of software project management is planning, monitoring, and controlling software projects to ensure they satisfy real needs by identifying stakeholders and objectives. Proper management is important as surveys found most projects were late or over budget due to a lack of proven project management and risk management skills.
The document discusses various software development life cycle (SDLC) models including waterfall, prototyping, spiral, RAD and V-model. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each model. In conclusion, the RAD model is identified as the best model to implement for a software project since it emphasizes delivering projects in smaller pieces to encourage user involvement and provide greater flexibility.
The document discusses requirements analysis and specification in software engineering. It defines what requirements are and explains the typical activities involved - requirements gathering, analysis, and specification. The importance of documenting requirements in a Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document is explained. Key sections of an SRS like stakeholders, types of requirements (functional and non-functional), and examples are covered. Special attention is given to requirements for critical systems and importance of non-functional requirements.
Chapter 7 Development StrategiesInformation Technology Project Management .pptxAxmedMaxamuudYoonis
This chapter discusses software development strategies, including software as a service, web-based development, outsourcing, and in-house development. It covers evaluating alternatives using cost-benefit analysis and financial tools. The software acquisition process and role of requirements documents are described. The transition from analysis to design is explained along with guidelines for logical and physical design.
This chapter discusses software development strategies, including software as a service, web-based development, outsourcing, and in-house development. It covers evaluating alternatives through cost-benefit analysis and financial tools. The software acquisition process involves identifying requirements, potential vendors, evaluating alternatives, performing cost analysis, making a recommendation, and implementing the solution. The chapter also describes the transition from analysis to design, including creating system documentation and prototypes.
This chapter discusses software development strategies such as in-house development, outsourcing, and purchasing software packages. It describes the systems requirements document and transition to design. Methods like prototyping and cost-benefit analysis are covered. Emerging trends involving cloud computing, Software as a Service, and viewing software as an internet-based service rather than product are also discussed.
The document discusses the importance of taking a top-down approach to network design that begins by analyzing business goals and constraints. It emphasizes understanding the applications used, user needs, and collecting information on the existing network before developing logical and physical network designs. The network design process involves multiple phases including analyzing requirements, developing logical and physical designs, testing and optimizing the network, and documenting the final design.
The document discusses the importance of taking a top-down approach to network design that begins by analyzing business goals and constraints. It emphasizes understanding the organization, applications, and information flows before designing network structures and technologies. The network design process involves gathering requirements, developing logical and physical designs, testing and optimizing the network, and then operating and maintaining it over time.
The document discusses systems analysis and design. It states that system analysis describes what a system should do to meet user needs, while system design specifies how the system will accomplish this through design activities that produce specifications satisfying requirements developed in analysis. The document then provides details on various aspects of systems analysis, design, feasibility, lifecycles and more.
The system approach involves recognizing and defining problems, developing and evaluating alternative solutions, selecting the best solution, designing it, and implementing and evaluating it. Systems thinking sees interrelationships rather than linear cause-and-effect chains. The systems development lifecycle is an iterative process that includes investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation. Investigation assesses feasibility, requirements are determined in analysis, design specifies the solution, and implementation puts the system to use.
The document discusses the importance of taking a top-down approach to network design that begins by analyzing business goals and constraints. It emphasizes understanding the applications used, data flows, and user needs before designing network structures and selecting technologies. The key steps involve gathering information on business priorities, technical requirements, and the existing network, then developing logical and physical network models to meet the identified needs.
This document discusses project management principles and processes. It covers topics such as the importance of project management, knowledge areas, project identification and planning, risk management, and project execution. The document provides examples of projects and defines characteristics that distinguish projects from routine tasks. It also discusses project life cycles, activities involved in project execution like requirements analysis and testing, and potential problems in software projects.
The document discusses planning and developing information systems. It describes key steps in planning like creating mission and vision statements, strategic and tactical plans, and budgets. Careful planning is necessary for successful enterprise system implementation. Development approaches include the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) process of analysis, design, implementation, and support or more agile methods. Analysis involves feasibility studies to determine if a system is needed. Design includes data modeling and testing. Implementation has conversion strategies to transition to the new system. Agile methods emphasize iterative development and user feedback.
1. The document discusses software processes and models including plan-driven and agile processes. It describes common process activities like specification, design, implementation, validation, and evolution.
2. Specific process models are examined, including the waterfall model, incremental development, and reuse-oriented processes. The waterfall model involves separate sequential phases while incremental development interleaves activities.
3. Process descriptions cover products, roles, and pre/post conditions. Activities include requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and system evolution to handle changing needs.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on project management. It defines key terms like project, management, and project management. It also discusses the software development life cycle including requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Common software development models are outlined like waterfall, V-shaped, prototyping, spiral, iterative, and agile. Data flow diagrams are introduced as a way to graphically represent data flows in a system.
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).pptxsandhyakiran10
The document describes the system development life cycle (SDLC) process. It involves several key phases: problem definition, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, system development, implementation, and maintenance. In the system analysis phase, requirements are gathered through interviews, documentation review, and other techniques. System design then specifies how the system will meet requirements through elements like the user interface, data design, and process design. The system is built during development, tested, and then implemented, which may involve training, file conversion, and evaluation. Maintenance keeps the system meeting needs with ongoing support. Accountants can be involved throughout by specifying needs, testing, and using the new system.
The document discusses various approaches to creating information systems, including custom development, off-the-shelf software selection, and end user development. It describes the system development life cycle (SDLC) methodology, including definition, build, and implementation phases. Alternative approaches like prototyping are also covered. The benefits and risks of different creation methods are outlined.
This chapter discusses the transition from systems analysis to systems design. It covers selecting the best alternative design strategy by generating multiple design strategies and selecting the optimal one. The chapter also discusses software development options like in-house development, outsourcing, and purchasing off-the-shelf software. Prototyping is presented as an important part of the transition to allow users to evaluate a working model early in the design process.
Greate Introduction to Software Engineering @ Track IT AcademyMohamed Shahpoup
The document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including software processes, rapid software development, practices, and a case study on the V-Model process. It defines software and software engineering. It describes common software process models like waterfall, iterative development, and component-based development. It also covers rapid software development approaches like incremental delivery and agile methods. Key practices discussed include pair programming, prototyping, and activities in the software development lifecycle. Finally, it presents the phases of the V-Model process and how it maps testing to requirements and design.
The document discusses various aspects of software processes and life cycles. It describes three types of reusable software components: web services, object collections, and stand-alone systems. It also outlines common phases in a software life cycle like requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Incremental delivery approaches are discussed where early increments are delivered to customers.
The document discusses various aspects of software processes and life cycles. It describes three types of reusable software components: web services, object collections, and stand-alone systems. It also outlines common phases in a software life cycle like requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Incremental delivery approaches are discussed where early increments are delivered to customers.
This document outlines the key principles and learning objectives covered in Chapter 13 of Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition. It discusses systems design, implementation, maintenance, and review. Specifically, it covers: 1) the purpose of systems design and differences between logical and physical design, 2) considerations for implementation including acquiring software/hardware and user preparation, and 3) the importance of maintenance and review to extend a system's useful life.
The document discusses SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle) and e-business. It begins by defining key terms like system, information system, and problem identification. It then explains various phases of SDLC like planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance. It also discusses different SDLC models like waterfall, iterative and agile. The document also covers topics like requirements analysis, feasibility study, design and testing. Finally, it provides definitions of business, commerce and e-business and discusses how ICT technologies help in integrating business processes and enabling e-business.
Orchestrating the Future: Navigating Today's Data Workflow Challenges with Ai...Kaxil Naik
Navigating today's data landscape isn't just about managing workflows; it's about strategically propelling your business forward. Apache Airflow has stood out as the benchmark in this arena, driving data orchestration forward since its early days. As we dive into the complexities of our current data-rich environment, where the sheer volume of information and its timely, accurate processing are crucial for AI and ML applications, the role of Airflow has never been more critical.
In my journey as the Senior Engineering Director and a pivotal member of Apache Airflow's Project Management Committee (PMC), I've witnessed Airflow transform data handling, making agility and insight the norm in an ever-evolving digital space. At Astronomer, our collaboration with leading AI & ML teams worldwide has not only tested but also proven Airflow's mettle in delivering data reliably and efficiently—data that now powers not just insights but core business functions.
This session is a deep dive into the essence of Airflow's success. We'll trace its evolution from a budding project to the backbone of data orchestration it is today, constantly adapting to meet the next wave of data challenges, including those brought on by Generative AI. It's this forward-thinking adaptability that keeps Airflow at the forefront of innovation, ready for whatever comes next.
The ever-growing demands of AI and ML applications have ushered in an era where sophisticated data management isn't a luxury—it's a necessity. Airflow's innate flexibility and scalability are what makes it indispensable in managing the intricate workflows of today, especially those involving Large Language Models (LLMs).
This talk isn't just a rundown of Airflow's features; it's about harnessing these capabilities to turn your data workflows into a strategic asset. Together, we'll explore how Airflow remains at the cutting edge of data orchestration, ensuring your organization is not just keeping pace but setting the pace in a data-driven future.
Session in https://budapestdata.hu/2024/04/kaxil-naik-astronomer-io/ | https://dataml24.sessionize.com/session/667627
"Financial Odyssey: Navigating Past Performance Through Diverse Analytical Lens"sameer shah
Embark on a captivating financial journey with 'Financial Odyssey,' our hackathon project. Delve deep into the past performance of two companies as we employ an array of financial statement analysis techniques. From ratio analysis to trend analysis, uncover insights crucial for informed decision-making in the dynamic world of finance."
Codeless Generative AI Pipelines
(GenAI with Milvus)
https://ml.dssconf.pl/user.html#!/lecture/DSSML24-041a/rate
Discover the potential of real-time streaming in the context of GenAI as we delve into the intricacies of Apache NiFi and its capabilities. Learn how this tool can significantly simplify the data engineering workflow for GenAI applications, allowing you to focus on the creative aspects rather than the technical complexities. I will guide you through practical examples and use cases, showing the impact of automation on prompt building. From data ingestion to transformation and delivery, witness how Apache NiFi streamlines the entire pipeline, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free experience.
Timothy Spann
https://www.youtube.com/@FLaNK-Stack
https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.datainmotion.dev/
milvus, unstructured data, vector database, zilliz, cloud, vectors, python, deep learning, generative ai, genai, nifi, kafka, flink, streaming, iot, edge
Beyond the Basics of A/B Tests: Highly Innovative Experimentation Tactics You...Aggregage
This webinar will explore cutting-edge, less familiar but powerful experimentation methodologies which address well-known limitations of standard A/B Testing. Designed for data and product leaders, this session aims to inspire the embrace of innovative approaches and provide insights into the frontiers of experimentation!
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Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
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End-to-end pipeline agility - Berlin Buzzwords 2024Lars Albertsson
We describe how we achieve high change agility in data engineering by eliminating the fear of breaking downstream data pipelines through end-to-end pipeline testing, and by using schema metaprogramming to safely eliminate boilerplate involved in changes that affect whole pipelines.
A quick poll on agility in changing pipelines from end to end indicated a huge span in capabilities. For the question "How long time does it take for all downstream pipelines to be adapted to an upstream change," the median response was 6 months, but some respondents could do it in less than a day. When quantitative data engineering differences between the best and worst are measured, the span is often 100x-1000x, sometimes even more.
A long time ago, we suffered at Spotify from fear of changing pipelines due to not knowing what the impact might be downstream. We made plans for a technical solution to test pipelines end-to-end to mitigate that fear, but the effort failed for cultural reasons. We eventually solved this challenge, but in a different context. In this presentation we will describe how we test full pipelines effectively by manipulating workflow orchestration, which enables us to make changes in pipelines without fear of breaking downstream.
Making schema changes that affect many jobs also involves a lot of toil and boilerplate. Using schema-on-read mitigates some of it, but has drawbacks since it makes it more difficult to detect errors early. We will describe how we have rejected this tradeoff by applying schema metaprogramming, eliminating boilerplate but keeping the protection of static typing, thereby further improving agility to quickly modify data pipelines without fear.
2. Chapter Objectives
• Describe the concept of Software as a
Service
• Define Web 2.0 and cloud computing
• Explain software acquisition alternatives,
including traditional and Web-based
software development strategies
• Describe software outsourcing options,
including offshore outsourcing and the role
of service providers
3. Chapter Objectives
▪ Explain advantages and disadvantages of
in- house software development
▪ Explain cost-benefit analysis and financial
analysis tools
▪ Explain the differences between a request
for proposal (RFP) and a request for
quotation (RFQ)
▪ Describe the system requirements
document
4. Chapter Objectives
▪ Explain the transition from systems analysis
to systems design, and the importance of
prototyping
▪ Discuss guidelines for systems design
▪ Describe software development trends
5. Introduction
▪ Chapter 7 describes the remaining activities
in the systems analysis phase
▪ The chapter also describes the transition to
systems design, prototyping, and systems
design guidelines
▪ The chapter concludes with a discussion of
trends in software development
6. Development Strategies Overview
▪ Selecting the best development path is an
important decision that requires companies
to consider three key topics
▪ The impact of the Internet
▪ Software outsourcing options
▪ In-house software development alternatives
7. The Impact of the Internet
Software as a Service
• Software as a
Service (SaaS)
• 25% of all new
business software
will be deployed as a
service by 2011,
while the value of
the SaaS industry
will grow to $40
billion
8. The Impact of the Internet
• Traditional vs. Web-Based
Systems Development
– Traditional development
• System design is influenced by
compatibility issues
• Systems are designed to run on local and
wide-area company networks
• Systems often utilize Internet links and
resources, but Web-based features are
treated as enhancements rather than core
elements of the design
9. The Impact of the Internet
• Traditional vs. Web-Based
Systems Development
– Web-based development
• Systems are developed and delivered
in an Internet- based framework such
as .NET or WebSphere
• Although there is a major trend toward
Web-based architecture, many firms
rely on traditional systems
10. The Impact of the Internet
• Looking to the Future:
Web 2.0 and Cloud
Computing
– The Web 2.0 platform
will enhance interactive
experiences including
wikis and blogs, and
social networking
applications
– Cloud computing could
bring enormous
computing power to
business and personal
Internet users
12. Outsourcing
▪ It is the transfer of information systems
development, operation, or maintenance to
an outside firm that provides these
services, for a fee, on a temporary or long-
term basis.
14. Outsourcing
• The Growth of Outsourcing
– A firm that offers outsourcing solutions is called a
service provider.
– Application service providers (ASP)
– Internet business services (IBS)
• Also called managed hosting
15. Outsourcing
– A fixed fee model uses a set fee
based on a specified level of service
and user support
– A subscription model has a variable fee
based on the number of users or
workstations that have access to the
application
– A usage model or transaction model
charges a variable fee based on the
volume of transactions or operations
performed by the application
16. Outsourcing
• Outsourcing Issues and Concerns
– Mission-critical IT systems should be
outsourced only if the result is a cost-
attractive, reliable, business solution that
fits the company’s long-term business
strategy
– Outsourcing also can affect day-to-day
company operations and can raise some
concerns
17. Outsourcing
• Offshore Outsourcing or Global
Outsourcing
– Many firms are sending IT work
overseas
– The main reason for offshore
outsourcing is the same as domestic
outsourcing: lower bottom-line costs
– However, this involves some unique
risks and concerns.
19. In-House Software Development Options
• Make or Buy Decision
– The choice between developing versus
purchasing software often is called a
make or buy, or build or buy decision
– The company’s IT department makes,
builds, and develops in-house software
– A software package is obtained from a
vendor or application service provider.
20. In-House Software Development Options
• Developing Software In-House
– Satisfy unique business requirements
– Minimize changes in business procedures
and policies
– Meet constraints of existing systems
– Meet constraints of existing technology
– Develop internal resources and
capabilities
21. In-House Software Development Options
• Purchasing a Software Package
– Lower costs
– Requires less time to implement
– Proven reliability and performance
benchmarks
– Requires less technical development staff
– Future upgrades provided by the vendor
– Input from other companies
22. In-House Software Development Options
• Customizing a Software Package
1. You can purchase a basic package that
vendors will customize to suit your needs
2. You can negotiate directly with the
software vendor to make enhancements
to meet your needs by paying for the
changes
3. You can purchase the package and make
your own modifications, if this is
permissible under the terms of the
software license
23. In-House Software Development Options
• Creating User
Applications
– User interface
– Help desk or
information center (IC)
– Screen generators
– Report generators
– Read-only properties
25. Role of the Systems Analyst
• When selecting hardware and software,
systems analysts often work as an
evaluation and selection team
• The primary objective of the evaluation and
selection team is to eliminate system
alternatives that will not meet requirements,
rank the system alternatives that are
feasible, and present the viable alternatives
to management for a final decision
27. Analyzing Cost and Benefits
• Financial Analysis
Tools
– Payback Analysis
– Return on
investment (ROI)
– Net present value
(NPV)
28. Analyzing Cost and Benefits
• Cost-Benefit Analysis Checklist
– List each development strategy being
considered
– Identify all costs and benefits for each
alternative. Be sure to indicate when
costs will be incurred and benefits
realized
– Consider future growth and the
need for scalability
– Include support costs for hardware and
software
29. Analyzing Cost and Benefits
• Cost-Benefit Analysis Checklist
– Analyze various software licensing
options, including fixed fees and formulas
based on the number of users or
transactions
– Apply the financial analysis tools
to each alternative
– Study the results and prepare a
report to management
38. Completion of Systems Analysis Tasks
• Presentation to Management
– Summarize the primary viable alternatives
– Explain why the evaluation and
selection team chose the
recommended alternative
– Allow time for discussion and for
questions and answers
– Obtain a final decision from management
or agree on a timetable for the next step
in the process
39. Completion of Systems Analysis Tasks
• Presentation to Management
– Depending on their decision, your next task
as a systems analyst will be one of the
following
1. Implement an outsourcing alternative
2. Develop an in-house system
3. Purchase or customize a software
package
4. Perform additional systems analysis work
5. Stop all further work
41. The Transition to Systems Design
• Preparing for Systems Design Tasks
– It is essential to have an accurate and
understandable system requirements
document
• Logical and Physical Design
– The logical design defines the functions
and features of the system and the
relationships among its components
– The physical design of an information system
is a plan for the actual implementation of the
system
43. Systems Design Guidelines
• Overview
– A system is effective if it supports
business requirements and meets
user needs
– A system is reliable if it handles input
errors, processing errors, hardware
failures, or human mistakes
– A system is maintainable if it is flexible,
scalable, and easily modified
44. Systems Design Guidelines
– User Considerations
• Carefully consider any point where users
receive output from, or provide input
• Anticipate future needs - Y2K Issue
• Provide flexibility
• Parameter, default
45. Systems Design Guidelines
– Data Considerations
• Enter data as
soon as
possible
• Verify data as it is
entered
• Use automated
methods of data
entry whenever
possible
46. Systems Design Guidelines
– Data Considerations
• Control data entry access and report all
entries or changes to critical values – audit
trail
• Log every instance of data entry and changes
• Enter data once
• Avoid data duplication
47. Systems Design Guidelines
– Architecture considerations
• Use a modular design
• Design modules that perform a single function
are easier to understand, implement, and
maintain
48. Systems Design Guidelines
• Design Trade-Offs
– Design goals often conflict with each
other
– Most design trade-off decisions that you
will face come down to the basic conflict
of quality versus cost
– Avoid decisions that achieve short-term
savings but might mean higher costs
later
52. Prototyping
• Limitations of Prototypes
– A prototype is a functioning system, but it
is less efficient than a fully developed
system
– Systems developers can upgrade the
prototype into the final information
system by adding the necessary
capability
– Otherwise, the prototype is discarded
53. Prototyping
• Limitations of Prototypes
– A prototype is a functioning system, but it
is less efficient than a fully developed
system
– Systems developers can upgrade the
prototype into the final information
system by adding the necessary
capability
– Otherwise, the prototype is discarded
55. Software Development Trends
• Views from the IT Community
– Software quality will be more important
than ever
– Project management will be a major
focus of IT managers
56. Software Development Trends
• Views from the IT Community
– Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
• Loose coupling
– Growth in open-source software
– Developers will use more Web services
– Programmers will continue to use dynamic
languages
57. Chapter Summary
• This chapter describes system development
strategies, the preparation and presentation
of the system requirements document, and
the transition to the systems design phase
of the SDLC
• An important trend that views software as a
service, rather than a product, has created
new software acquisition options
• Systems analysts must consider Web-
based development environments
58. Chapter Summary
• The systems analyst’s role in the software
development process depends on the
specific development strategy
• The most important factor in choosing a
development strategy is total cost of
ownership (TCO)
• The process of acquiring software
involves a series of steps
• A prototype is a working model of the
proposed system