Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering are methods for developing organisms with desirable traits. Selective breeding involves selecting organisms with desired traits to breed the next generation. Inbreeding, breeding genetically related parents, can increase recessive or deleterious traits in offspring. Hybridization crosses genetically different individuals to produce offspring with the best traits of both parents. Cloning produces genetically identical organisms, which has been done with plants, sheep, and pigs. Genetic engineering transfers genes between organisms to produce desired traits and is used to develop medicines and improve crops, though some are concerned about long term effects.

1. Section 3: Advances in Genetics

2. Selective Breeding
• Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic
engineering are three methods for developing
organisms with desirable traits.
• Selective Breeding – The process of selecting a
few organisms with desired traits to serve as
parents of the next generation.

3. Two selective breeding techniques are
• Selective Breeding
• Controlled Natural Selection

6. Inbreeding
• .
• Inbreeding: the reproduction from the mating
of two genetically related parents, which can
increase the chances of offspring being
affected by recessive or deleterious traits.

7. Example of inbreeding
• Inbred organisms have alleles that are similar to
the parents.
• offspring are likely to grow bigger and faster

8. • Inbred with its own parent in the hopes of
creating a more favorable White Siberian Tiger
with Green or Golden pigmentations in the
eye region.

9. Example

11. Hybridization
• Breeders cross two genetically different
individuals.
• Hybrid that results is bred to have best traits
from both parents.

12. Big kernel and resist bugs?
Would you eat it?

13. Cloning
• clone – An organism that
is genetically identical to the
organism from which it was produced.
• Easy to clone plants
• Researchers have been cloning animal
Such as sheep and pigs

14. Clone human?
Do you agree?

15. Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering – The transfer of a gene
from the DNA of one organism into another
organism, in order to produce an organism
with desired traits.
• Genetic engineering can produce medicines
and improve food crops.

17. Genetic Engineering in other
organisms
• Can use technique produce the blood clotting
protein needed by people with hemophilia.

18. Gene Therapy
• gene therapy – The insertion of working
copies of a gene into the cells of a person with
a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the
disorder.

21. Concerns About Genetic Engineering
• Some people are concerned about long term effect of
genetic engineering
• Ex. Are genetically modified foods safe?
• Concerns that they may harm the environment or cause
health problems in humans.
• Scientists are trying to address these concerns and learn
more about the effects of genetic engineering

23. Learning About Human Genetics
• Applications of DNA technology include
studying the human genome in detail and
identifying people.

24. The Human Genome Project
• genome – All of the DNA in the cell of an
organism.