genetics

2. RECALL
1. It is the change/alteration of genetic sequence
2. It is a chemical or physical agent that has the ability to change our genetic code in a
harmful way
U T N
M T E
3. It is a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence
P I M T N
4. A type of mutation under chromosomal mutation where piece of chromosome of one
attaches to another chromosome.
T N S O A O
5. A type of mutation where genetic material flipped in opposite direction
I V S N

3. What if you found out that you
inherited illness from your parents, If
you are given the chance to change
something in your genes, would you
change it? Why or why not?

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define genetic engineering
Explain the impact of genetic
engineering on society
Analyze the benefits and
drawbacks of manipulating an
organism’s DNA

5. Is there a need to manipulate
organism’s DNA? Why or
why not?
Essential Question

7. GENETIC
ENGINEERING
manipulation
alter
Change in
size
modification

8. WHAT IS GENETIC ENGINEERING?
It is the artificial manipulation or
alteration of genes

9. 5. Expression
4.
Transformation
3. Insertion
2. Cutting
1. Isolation
Confinement
of DNA
fragments
from a donor
organism
Removal of
the part of the
DNA that
needs to be
replaced
Adding of an
isolated
donor DNA
fragment into
a vector
genome
The
adaptation of
a recombinant
vector in an
appropriate
host
Exhibit the
introduced
genes
PROCESSES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

10. Biotechnology- is technology that utilizes biological
systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create
different products. It is the most prominent approach used is
genetic engineering, which enables scientists to tailor an
organism's DNA.
APPLICATION
1.Fingerprint- also known as DNA
profiling. It is used to get the
information about the genetic
relationship of an individual

11. No 2 people have exactly the same
fingerprints. Even identical twins, with
identical DNA, have different fingerprints.

12. 2. Gene therapy-- is a
medical approach that treats
or prevents disease by
correcting the underlying
genetic problem
*karyotyping- is a test to
examine chromosomes in a
sample of cells. This test
can help identify genetic
problems as the cause of a
disorder

13. 3. Recombinant DNA technology- is used to construct the gene
that is intended to express desirable qualities during the growth
and development of the recipient organism.
*genetically modified organism- A genetically modified organism
(GMO) is an animal, plant, or microorganism whose DNA has
been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

14. 4. Gene cloning-
the process in which a gene of interest is located
and copied (cloned) out of all the DNA extracted
from an organism
*extinct animals can be recovered/preserved

15. 5. Human genome project (HGP)- sequence of DNA of all
people are encoded. One goal of the project was to
accurately sequence the 3 billion nucleotide base pairs in
the human genome. A second goal was to map and identify
all of the human genes present in the DNA sequence.
*A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism.

16. 3 organisms involved in the genetic engineering
Plants Animals
Micro-
organism

17. GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS
Bt Corn (Maize)
is created to resist
insect pests or
tolerate herbicides
*inserted Bacillus
thuringiensis

18. Rainbow is a papaya variety that was genetically engineered
to resist infection from a virus which weakens and eventually
kills papaya trees.
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS

19. Bt Soybean - these beans typically have herbicide-
resistant genes inserted into their genetic structure
*Bacillus thuringiensis
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN PLANTS

20. TRIVIA
In the United States there are 10 commercially available genetically modified crops.
Corn, soybean, cotton, potato, papaya, summer squash, canola, alfalfa, apple, sugar beet

21. Cows Make Humanized Milk.
Humanized Milk- Cow produce a milk with introduced lysozyme which
makes it much healthier and more nutritious.
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN ANIMALS

22. Spider goat
A goat with spider
genes and silk in
their milk
GENETIC ENGINEERING IN ANIMALS

23. GENETIC ENGINEERING IN MICROORGANISM
Humulin
is manufactured by a technique known as
recombinant DNA.

24. GENE CLONING- the act of making
identical copies of a single gene
*Dolly- was the sheep
successfully cloned in 1996

25. Do you think there
are ethical issues
with the genetic
engineering?

27. “Genetically modified
organisms were just
made better.”
“Genetic engineering
has never been about
saving the world, it is
about controlling the
world.”
CHOOSE WHICH SIDEYOU ARE

28. Guide questions:
1.What is genetic engineering?
2.What are the process involved in the
genetic engineering?
3.What are the benefit and drawbacks
of genetic engineering?

29. Is there a need to manipulate
organism’s DNA? Why or why
not?