Chapter 5 for class Ced600

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This chapter discusses prenatal development from conception through birth. It covers genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring and fetal development over the three trimesters of pregnancy. Critical periods of development in the first trimester and factors that can disrupt normal development, like maternal health and environmental toxins, are explained. The chapter also examines assisted reproduction technologies and discusses factors that influence infant mortality rates.

Health & Medicine Technology

Chapter 5: The Period of Pregnancy and Prenatal Development

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Chapter 3 Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby An expectant mother reacts with amazement on hearing the robust heartbeat of her nearly full-term fetus. High-quality prenatal care and preparation for the events of childbirth enable her to approach labor and delivery with confidence and excitement. chapter outline · Prenatal Development · Conception · Period of the Zygote · Period of the Embryo · Period of the Fetus · Prenatal Environmental Influences · Teratogens · Other Maternal Factors · The Importance of Prenatal Health Care · ■ SOCIAL ISSUES: HEALTH The Nurse–Family Partnership: Reducing Maternal Stress and Enhancing Child Development Through Social Support · Childbirth · The Stages of Childbirth · The Baby’s Adaptation to Labor and Delivery · The Newborn Baby’s Appearance · Assessing the Newborn’s Physical Condition: The Apgar Scale · Approaches to Childbirth · Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth · Home Delivery · Medical Interventions · Fetal Monitoring · Labor and Delivery Medication · Cesarean Delivery · Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight Infants · Preterm versus Small-for-Date Infants · Consequences for Caregiving · Interventions for Preterm Infants · ■ SOCIAL ISSUES: HEALTH A Cross-National Perspective on Health Care and Other Policies for Parents and Newborn Babies · Birth Complications, Parenting, and Resilience · The Newborn Baby’s Capacities · Reflexes · States · Sensory Capacities · Neonatal Behavioral Assessment · ■ BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT The Mysterious Tragedy of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome · Adjusting to the New Family Unit When I met Yolanda and Jay one fall in my child development class, Yolanda was just two months pregnant. Approaching age 30, married for several years, and their careers well under way, they had decided to have a baby. To prepare for parenthood, they enrolled in my evening section, arriving once a week after work full of questions: “How does the baby grow before birth?” “When is each organ formed?” “Has its heart begun to beat?” “Can it hear, feel, or sense our presence?” Most of all, Yolanda and Jay wanted to do everything possible to make sure their baby would be born healthy. Yolanda started to wonder about her diet and whether she should keep up her daily aerobic workout. And she asked me whether an aspirin for a headache, a glass of wine at dinner, or a few cups of coffee during work and study hours might be harmful. In this chapter, we answer Yolanda and Jay’s questions, along with a great many more that scientists have asked about the events before birth. First, we trace prenatal development, paying special attention to environmental supports for healthy growth, as well as damaging influences that threaten the child’s health and survival. Next, we turn to the events of childbirth. Today, women in industrialized nations have many choices about where and how they give birth, and hospitals go to great lengths to make the arrival of a new baby a rewarding, fa ...

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