The document discusses various topics related to human development from a biological and evolutionary perspective. It covers genetic foundations of development including genes, chromosomes, and inheritance patterns. Prenatal development is examined including the stages of prenatal development and potential hazards. Birth processes are outlined as well as methods of childbirth and factors that can impact low birthweight and preterm infants.

1. A Topical Approach to LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT John W. Santrock Chapter Two: Biological Beginnings

6. Fig. 2.2 Baltes’ View of Evolution and Culture Across the Life Span

8. Cells, Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA Fig. 2.3 Nucleus (center of cell) contains chromosomes and genes Chromosomes are threadlike structures composed of DNA molecules Gene : a segment of DNA (spiraled double chain) containing the hereditary code

12. b b B b B b B B b B Blond hair Brown hair How brown-haired parents can have a blond-haired child: the gene for blond hair is recessive Mother B b Father B b

19. The Heredity-Environment and Epigenetic Views Fig. 2.9

22. The Three Trimesters of Prenatal Development Fig. 2.10 First trimester 0-4 weeks Less than 1/10th of inch long 8 weeks Less than 1 inch long 12 weeks 3 inches long, wt: 1 ounce Second trimester 16 weeks 5.5 inches long, wt: 4 ounces 20 weeks 10-12 inches, wt: ½ -1 lbs 24 weeks 11-14 inches, wt: 1-1½ lbs Third trimester 28 weeks 14-17 inches, wt: 2½ -3 lbs 32 weeks 16½ -18 inches, wt: 4-5 lbs 36-38 weeks 19 inches, wt: 6 lbs

26. Fig. 2.12 Teratogens and Timing of Their Effects on Prenatal Development

33. Fig. 2.14 The Apgar Scale

39. The End