Chapter 4 A Tour of the CellChapter 4 A Tour of the CellName.docx

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell
Name ________________________ Period _________
Guided Reading Activities
Chapter Content: The Microscopic World of Cells
1. The ____________ states that all cells come from
existing cells and that organisms are made of cells.
2. Complete the table that compares prokaryotic to
eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Description of cells
3. A scientist discovers a cell in a sample of water from
Utah’s Great Salt Lake. She discovers the cell has a cell wall,
ribosomes, and a nucleoid region. Upon further microscopic

observation the scientist notices the nucleoid region contains a
single chromosome. Which of the following cells would it most
likely be?
A) Prokaryote
B) Animal cell
C) Plant cell
D) Eukaryote
4. Complete the following table illustrating the
differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells
Animal cells
Shared features
Unique features
Chapter Content: Membrane Structure
Complete the following questions as you read the fourth chapter
content—Membrane Structure:
1. True or false: If false, please make it a correct
statement. The plasma membrane regulates the movement of
substances into and out of the cell.
2. Students, when asked to diagram a simple cell
membrane, many times draw the structure
below. What is wrong with this structure? In other words,
briefly explain why it is incorrect.
3. Which of the following statements best describes the
structure of a cell membrane?
A) Proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipids
B) Proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipids
C) A layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipids
D) Phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein
4. A cell’s plasma membrane is described as being a

______________ because it is composed of a variety of
molecules that are constantly in motion around each other.
5. Figure 4.5b on page 60 of your textbook indicates
that membrane proteins will have both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic regions. Briefly explain why a membrane protein
would need both regions. Refer to the figure to aid you in
answering the question.
7. List three common bacterial targets of antibiotics.
Chapter Content: The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control
of the Cell
content—The Nucleus and Ribosomes: Genetic Control of the
Cell:
1. Complete the following table regarding the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Function
2. The nuclear envelope has passages for substances moving
into and out of the nucleus. These passages are called nuclear
pores and they are made by proteins that are inserted into the
plasma membrane that makes up the nuclear envelope. These
proteins would be assembled by:
A) Free-floating ribosomes
B) The nucleus
C) Ribosomes bound to the endoplasmic reticulum
D) Nuclear pores

3. What are the functions of a protein.
4. Does DNA leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? Use
Figure 4.11 on page 63 of your textbook to answer the question.
Chapter Content: The Endomembrane System: Manufacturing
and Distributing Cellular Products
content—The Endomembrane
System: Manufacturing and Distributing Cellular Products:
1. List the organelles of the endomembrane system.
2. Insulin is a protein hormone that is released into the
bloodstream from cells in your pancreas. Which of the
following organelles will be directly responsible for its export
from the cell?
A) Ribosomes
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi Apparatus
D) Nucleus
3. Complete the following table regarding the
involvement of organelles in protein synthesis and transport.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Function

4. Interstitial endocrinocytes are specialized cells in the
testes that are responsible for the synthesis of testosterone,
which is a steroid hormone. You would expect interstitial
endocrinocytes to be rich in which of the following?
A) Ribosomes
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus
5. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks
__________, which gives it a “smooth” appearance.
6. True or false: If false, make it a correct statement.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains many enzymes that
allow it perform functions like detoxify circulating drugs.
7. Use Figures 4.14 (page 65 of your textbook) and 4.17
(page 67 of your textbook) to answer the following question.
Place the following steps in the order in which they occur:
A—Proteins are modified as they pass through the Golgi
apparatus
B—A vesicle from the rough ER fuses with the Golgi membrane
C—A vesicle buds off from a Golgi stack
D—A vesicle containing a secretory protein fuses with the
cell’s plasma membrane
8. How are lysosomes different from vacuoles?
Chapter Content: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing
Cellular Energy
content—Chloroplasts and Mitochondria: Providing Cellular
Energy
1. True or false: An animal cell will contain chloroplasts
and mitochondria. If false, correct the statement.
2. The process of photosynthesis occurs primarily in a

plant’s leaves. Based on this information, which of the
following organelles would you expect to be present in the cells
of plant leaves?
A) Ribosomes
B) Chloroplasts
C) The nucleus
D) Mitochondria
3. Complete the Venn diagram that compares
mitochondria to chloroplasts.
4. A student has been shrunk to a size small enough to
be inserted into one of the membrane-bound disks of a granum.
That student travels completely out of the chloroplast into the
cytosol of the plant cell. How many plasma membranes in total
did the student travel through? Use Figure 4.18 on page 68 of
your textbook to help answer the question.
Chapter Content: The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement
content—The Cytoskeleton: Cell Shape and Movement:
1. Complete the following table regarding cellular structures.
Cilia
Flagella
Cytoskeleton
Function

32 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 23
Name ________________________ Period _________
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food
Chapter Content: The Basics of Photosynthesis
1. The main point of photosynthesis is the production of
_________.
2. True or false: During photosynthesis, CO2 is split to
release oxygen gas. If false, make it a correct statement.
3. Complete the following table regarding
photosynthesis.
Location within the cell
Basic inputs
Basic outputs
4. In Latin, Stoma means mouth. Briefly explain why
the use of stomata is a good term for this particular leaf
structure.
5. Complete the following table regarding the light
reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Products
Location
Light reactions
Calvin cycle
Chapter Content: The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy
to Chemical Energy
Complete the following questions as you read the seventh
chapter content—The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy
to Chemical Energy:
1. True or false: Red wavelengths of light will have
more energy than purple wavelengths of light. If false, please
make it a correct statement. Refer to Figure 7.4 on page 110 of
your textbook to help answer this question.
For questions 2 and 3 please use the Figure 7.5 on page 111 of
your textbook.
2. Which wavelength of light is least useful to driving
photosynthesis?
3. Fill in the following table regarding the photosystems
of the light reactions.
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
Product

Splits H2O?
Uses an electron transport chain?
Contains an electron acceptor?
Chapter Content: The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar from Carbon
Dioxide
Complete the following questions as you read the seventh
chapter content—The Calvin Cycle:
Making Sugar from Carbon Dioxide:
1. The Calvin cycle uses ATP + _______ produced during the
_______ reactions to make _______ from ________ in the air.
2. The Calvin cycle is cyclic because
A) CO2 is constantly acquired during carbon fixation.
B) It constantly makes G3P.
C) RuBP is regenerated in the final chemical reaction.
D) NADPH and ATP are used from the light reactions.
3. True or false: Each “turn” of the Calvin cycle
produces one molecule of glucose. If false, make it a correct
statement.
4. Briefly explain what links the two stages of
photosynthesis to each other.
Chapter 8: Cellular Reproduction: Cells from Cells
Chapter Content: What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes

Complete the following questions as you read the eighth chapter
content—What Cell Reproduction Accomplishes:
1. Complete the table that compares asexual and sexual
reproduction.
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Requires egg and sperm?
Involves meiosis?
Requires one parent?
Produces genetically identical offspring?
Produces genetically different offspring?
2. Gametes are sex cells that include egg and sperm.
What is true about the number of chromosomes in gametes
versus the parent cells that gave rise to them?
Chapter Content: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
content—The Cell Cycle and Mitosis:
1. Inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell you will find
DNA associated with proteins. This combination of protein and
DNA is known as _________ .
A) A centromere
B) Chromatin

C) Sister chromatids
D) A gene
2. True or false: The size and complexity of organisms
is directly related to the number of total chromosomes it has. If
false, make it a correct statement.
3. What are the proteins called that associate with DNA
to form chromatin?
4. List two critical functions served by histones.
Use the following figure to answer questions 5-8.
5. How many chromosomes are in this cell?
6. How many chromatids are in this cell?
7. Have the chromosomes in this cell been duplicated?
Briefly defend your answer either way.
8. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are in
this cell?
9. Complete the following table comparing interphase
with mitotic phase.
Interphase
Mitotic phase
Chromosomes are condensed
Cell is performing normal functions
Chromosome duplication occurs
Cell is actively dividing

Sister chromatids are evenly distributed into two daughter cells
10. Place the following stages of mitosis in the correct order:
metaphase, prophase, telophase, and anaphase.
11. How does cytokinesis differ from mitosis?
12 A shallow groove in the cell known as a(n)
__________ indicates that cytokinesis has begun.
13. Complete the Venn diagram that compares benign and
malignant tumors.
Chapter Content: Meiosis, the Basis of Sexual Reproduction
content—Meiosis, the Basis of
Sexual Reproduction:
1. __________ will contain the same genes at the same
locations.
A) Sex chromosomes
B) Autosomes
C) Gametes
D) Homologous chromosomes
2. Determine whether each of the following cells is
haploid or diploid.
A) An egg: ________
B) A cell from your liver: ______
C) A zygote: _________
D) A sperm: __________
E) A muscle cell from your heart: __________
3.True or false: All humans have 23 pairs of homologous
chromosomes. If false, make it a correct statement.
4. Complete the following table that compares mitosis with

meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Rounds of DNA replication
Rounds of cell division
Separation of sister chromatids?
Separation of homologous chromosomes?
Result (number of cells and haploid or diploid)
Uses
9. True or false: Crossing over can occur between
nonhomologous chromosomes. If false, make it a correct
statement.
10. Has the homologous pair of chromosomes pictured to
the right undergone crossing over? Explain your answer either
way.
11. True or false: Nondisjunction can occur in either
round of meiosis. If false, make it a correct statement.

12. Could a normal gamete still be produced even if a
nondisjunction event occurred? Briefly
explain your answer either way.
13. Table 8.1 on page 140 of your textbook displays
information regarding sex chromosome abnormalities in
humans. Why does the XYY situation have to be the result of
nondisjunction in the sperm formation?
Sex Chromosomes
Syndrome
Symptoms
XXY
XYY
XXX
XO
15. A person with Klinefelter’s syndrome has how many
total chromosomes?

Chapter 1: Learning about Life
Name ________________________ Period _________
Chapter Content: The Scientific Study of Life
Complete the following questions as you read the first chapter
content—The Scientific Study of Life:
1. is the study of life.
2. Jane Goodall is famous for her research on chimpanzees. Dr.
Goodall observed the chimpan-
zees for long periods of time and made numerous observations
of them that she recorded very
carefully. Which stage of scientific inquiry is this considered?
A) Exploration
B) Testing
C) Making a hypothesis
D) Drawing a conclusion
3. Use the following figure to answer this question. Assume
your results reject your initial
hypothesis as indicated. Briefly explain why you would not

return to the exploration portion
of the process to change the question instead of revising the
hypothesis.
Hypothesis
The remote’s
batteries are dead.
TESTING
• Forming hypotheses
• Making predictions
• Running experiments
• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Drawing conclusions
Prediction
If I replace the
batteries, the
remote will work.
Experiment
I replace the
batteries with
new ones.
Experiment does
not support
hypothesis; revise
hypothesis or

pose new one.
Experiment supports
hypothesis;
make additional
predictions
and test them.
Revise
EXPLORATION
SIMO0333_06_ARG_SE_C01_PRF.indd 1 5/14/18 7:23 PM
4. Match the following terms with the best definition: data,
science, hypothesis, experiments, and
peer review
Scientific tests where conditions can be controlled:
A tentative explanation for a set of observations:
A thorough review of scientific results prior to publication:
Inquiry into how the natural world functions:
Recorded observations:

5. The following figure indicates that the testing and
communication components of science
connect to each other. Briefly explain how these two
components interact to strengthen each
other. Hint—think back to peer review
6. An often misunderstood concept is the difference between a
scientific theory and a hypothesis.
Briefly explain what you would tell a student who believes a
scientific theory and a hypothesis
are the same.
EXPLORATION
• Making observations
• sking uestions
• eeking information
TESTING
• Forming hypotheses
• Making predictions
• Running experiments
• Gathering data
• Interpreting data
• Drawing conclusions
COMMUNICATION
• haring data
• btaining feedback
• ublishing papers
• Replicating findings
• uilding consensus
OUTCOMES
• uilding knowledge
• olving problems

• Developing new
technologies
• enefiting society
7. Use the following table to compare a control group to an
experimental group.
Control group Experimental group
Description
8. On page 8 of your textbook the authors describe an
experiment in which the amount of butter
is changed between two cookie recipes. Imagine a scenario in
which a person also changes the
type of flour used (whole wheat flour versus regular bleached
flour). Is this still an effective
controlled experiment? Briefly explain your answer either way.
9. Use the following figure to answer this question. By day 8
how far have the baby turtles
traveled?
10. How many factors does a scientist want to differ between
the experimental and control groups?
A) 2
B) 0

C) 1
D) 3
250
200
150
100
50
0
Days after release
D
is
ta
nc
e
tr
av
el
ed
(k
m
)

0 14128 10642
Key
Average of 24 green sea turtles
verage of oating buckets
11. You are a research scientist for the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) interested in perform-
ing a controlled experiment to determine the effects of caffeine
on human blood pressure. One
group of people will get caffeinated coffee and one will get
decaffeinated coffee. Briefly explain
why you would want that to be the only variable that differs
between the two groups.
12. A is a fake treatment given to patients in the control group.
13. A friend tells you her grandfather’s pancakes are superior
to all other pancakes because he puts
only hand-churned butter from llamas into the batter. This is an
example of what kind of evidence?
Chapter Content: The Properties of Life
content—The Properties of Life:

1. A giant sequoia tree is very different from a human. List two
properties these two organisms
would exhibit despite all of their obvious differences.
2. A smart phone is not alive. List three characteristics of life
that the phone does not exhibit.
3. List the properties of life.
Chapter Content: Major Themes in Biology
content—Major Themes in Biology:
1. The branched structure of human lungs significantly
increases the surface area for gas
exchange. This greatly increases the efficiency of gas exchange
within the lungs. Which of the
following unifying themes of biology does this example
illustrate?
A) Evolution
B) Relationship to structure and function
C) Interaction within biological systems
D) Information flow

2. Human growth hormone (HGH) is necessary for growth
during human adolescence. Pituitary
dwarfism is a condition that results from the inability of a
person to produce HGH. Luckily,
the human gene for HGH can be inserted into E. coli bacteria,
which are able to make our
HGH. The resulting HGH is used by people who are unable to
make their own. What prop-
erty about hereditary information makes this possible?
3. Energy and chemicals move through ecosystems in different
ways. Energy flows an
ecosystem, while nutrients are constantly through the
ecosystem.
4. What level of biological organization is represented by
Figure 1.14 on page 12 of your textbook?
C
ol
or
iz
ed
S
EM
5
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00
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5. What about Figure 1.13 on page 12 of your textbook?
6. Even though they have several differences, a bacterium and
a human cell will both contain
DNA. With respect to evolution, what does this fact suggest?
7. True or false: If false, please make it a correct statement. A
rancher uses a particular chicken
for breeding purposes because, on average, she observed that
the chicken laid more eggs than
other chickens. The rancher selecting the desirable trait would
be considered an example of
natural selection.
Major Theme Connection:
1. As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive
based on several reasons. One such
reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material
instead of DNA. Which of the
five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.

Common Thread Connection:
1. A scientist at the University of Iowa uses a microscope to
observe cells in the brain known as
microglia. He makes observations about their structure,
location, and activity. The scientist
eventually observes the cells undergo a sudden and radical shift
in their structure/shape and
their motility (ability to move). He asks himself questions
about what is causing this shift in
behaviors and begins to design an experiment to determine the
answer. Briefly describe how
the scientist practiced both the exploration and testing aspects
of scientific inquiry.

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