Chapter 23: The Skeletal System KEY TERMS Axial skeleton versus Hyoid bone Appendicular skeleton Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle Ligament Tendon Shapes: 1. Long · Diaphysis · Compaact bone · Medullary cavity · Endosteum · Yellow bone marrow · Epiphysis · Spongy bone · Red bone marrow i. hematopoiesis · Articular cartilage · periosteum 2. Short 3. Flat 4. Irregular 5. Sesamoid Ossification Epiphyseal disk Osteoblast Osteocyte Osteoclast Articulation Foramen Process Crest Head Suture Fossa Fontanel Skull: A. Major Cranial bones: 1. Frontal  2. Parietal (2) 3. Occipital a. Foramen magnum 4. Temporal (2) a. External auditory meatus b. Mastoid process 5. Ear Ossicles a. Malleus b. Incus c. Stapes B. Major Facial bones: 1. Mandible 2. Maxillae (2) 3. Zygomatic (2) 4. Nasal (2) 5. Palatine Spinal Column: 1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral 5. Coccygeal Thoracic Cage Sternum True ribs Costal cartilage False ribs Floating ribs Pectoral girdle 1. Clavicles 2. Scapulae Upper extremity bones: · Humerus · Radius · Ulna · Carpal bones · Metacarpal bones · Phalanges Pelvic girdle: 1. Coxal bone (2) a. Ilium b. Ischium c. pubis 2. sacrum Lower extremity bones: · Femur · Acetabulum · Patella · Tibia · Fibula · Tarsal bones · Calcaneus · Metatarsal bones · Phalanges Articulations: 1. Fibrous a. suture 2. Cartilaginous a. Pubis symphysis b. Intervertebral disc 3. Synovial a. Knee · Joint capsule · Ligament · Synovial fluid · Joint cavity · Synovial membrane Diseases: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Bursitis Ewing sarcoma Fractures · Complete · Incomplete · Simple · Compound · Greenstick · Comminuted · Impacted · Spiral · Reduction o Closed  o Open Gout Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Osteogenesis imperfect Osteoporosis Bone density test versus bone scan Osteosarcoma Paget’s disease .

1. Chapter 23: The Skeletal System
KEY TERMS
Axial skeleton versus
Hyoid bone
Appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
Ligament
Tendon
Shapes:
1. Long
· Diaphysis
· Compaact bone
· Medullary cavity
· Endosteum
· Yellow bone marrow
· Epiphysis

2. · Spongy bone
· Red bone marrow
i. hematopoiesis
· Articular cartilage
· periosteum
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular
5. Sesamoid
Ossification
Epiphyseal disk
Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast
Articulation
Foramen
Process
Crest

3. Head
Suture
Fossa
Fontanel
Skull:
A. Major Cranial bones:
1. Frontal
2. Parietal (2)
3. Occipital
a. Foramen magnum
4. Temporal (2)
a. External auditory meatus
b. Mastoid process
5. Ear Ossicles
a. Malleus
b. Incus
c. Stapes
B. Major Facial bones:

4. 1. Mandible
2. Maxillae (2)
3. Zygomatic (2)
4. Nasal (2)
5. Palatine
Spinal Column:
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Coccygeal
Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True ribs
Costal cartilage
False ribs
Floating ribs
Pectoral girdle

5. 1. Clavicles
2. Scapulae
Upper extremity bones:
· Humerus
· Radius
· Ulna
· Carpal bones
· Metacarpal bones
· Phalanges
Pelvic girdle:
1. Coxal bone (2)
a. Ilium
b. Ischium
c. pubis
2. sacrum
Lower extremity bones:
· Femur
· Acetabulum

6. · Patella
· Tibia
· Fibula
· Tarsal bones
· Calcaneus
· Metatarsal bones
· Phalanges
Articulations:
1. Fibrous
a. suture
2. Cartilaginous
a. Pubis symphysis
b. Intervertebral disc
3. Synovial
a. Knee
· Joint capsule
· Ligament
· Synovial fluid

7. · Joint cavity
· Synovial membrane
Diseases:
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Bursitis
Ewing sarcoma
Fractures
· Complete
· Incomplete
· Simple
· Compound
· Greenstick
· Comminuted
· Impacted
· Spiral
· Reduction
o Closed

8. o Open
Gout
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
Osteogenesis imperfect
Osteoporosis
Bone density test versus bone scan
Osteosarcoma
Paget’s disease