The document discusses body composition and various techniques for measuring it. It defines key terms like body fat percentage, lean body mass, recommended weight, overweight and obesity. It describes essential fat and storage fat and the functions of each. Hydrostatic weighing and air displacement are presented as techniques for assessing body composition accurately, while body mass index is discussed as the most common technique for determining thinness and excessive fatness.

1. CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1) Define the following terms: body composition, percent body fat, lean body mass, recommended body weight, overweight, & obesity. 2) Explain what essential fat & storage fat are. 3) Define “recommended body weight.” 4) What is the difference between overweight & obesity? 5) What is the most accurate technique presently available in fitness laboratories to assess body composition? 6) Explain hydrostatic weighing & air displacement. 7) What is the most common technique for determining thinness & excessive fatness?

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3. 1) WHAT FRACTION OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE? -TWO-THIRDS. 2) WHAT FRACTION OF AMERICAN CHILDREN ARE OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE? -ONE-THIRD. 3) ON AVERAGE, HOW MANY MILLIGRAMS OF SODIUM DO AMERICANS CONSUME A DAY? -3,400 (LESS THAN 2,300 IS RECOMMENDED). 4) WHAT IS THE DAILY CALORIE RANGE FOR WOMEN? -1,600-2,400. 5) WHAT IS THE DAILY CALORIE RANGE FOR MEN? -2,000-3,000.

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5. 1) WHAT NATION HAS THE HIGHEST BODY MASS INDEX? -AMERICA. 2) IN 2008, WHAT PERCENT OF THE WORLD’S MALE & FEMALE POPULATION WERE OBESE? MALE: 9.8% FEMALE: 13.8% 3) IN 1980, WHAT PERCENT OF THE WORLD’S MALE & FEMALE POPULATION WERE OBESE? MALE: 4.8% FEMALE: 7.9% 4) HOW MUCH MONEY DID AMERICA SPEND LAST YEAR ON OBESITY-RELATED HEALTH? -$147 BILLION. 5) WHAT STATE SPENDS THE MOST PER CAPITA ON FAST FOOD? -NEVADA. 6) WHAT STATE HAS THE GREATEST PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH NO CAR & WHICH ARE MORE THAN 10 MILES FROM A SUPERMARKET OR GROCERY STORE? -SOUTH DAKOTA. 7) WHAT STATE HAS THE WORST EATING HABITS IN THE COUNTRY? -MISSISSIPPI.

6. WHAT IS BODY COMPOSITION?

7. BODY COMPOSITION -THE FAT & NON-FAT COMPONENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY -IMPORTANT IN ASSESSING RECOMMENDED BODY WEIGHT HUMAN BODY CONSISTS OF FAT & NONFAT COMPONENTS PERCENT BODY FAT (FAT COMPONENT): -PROPORTIONAL AMOUNT OF FAT IN THE BODY BASED ON THE PERSON’S TOTAL WEIGHT. ALSO CALLED FAT MASS. LEAN BODY MASS (NON-FAT COMPONENT): -BODY WEIGHT WITHOUT FAT MASS

8. TOTAL FAT IN THE HUMAN BODY IS CLASSIFIED INTO WHAT 2 TYPES?

10. WHAT IS RECOMMENDED BODY WEIGHT?

12. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY?

13. OVERWEIGHT: -AN EXCESS AMOUNT OF WEIGHT AGAINST A GIVEN STANDARDS, SUCH AS HEIGHT OR RECOMMENDED % BODY FAT OBESITY: AN EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION OF BODY FAT, USUALLY AT LEAST 30% ABOVE RECOMMENDED BODY WEIGHT

14. WHAT IS MOST ACCURATE TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION? HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING

15. WHAT IS HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING & WHAT ARE ITS DRAWBACKS?

16. WHAT IS AIR DISPLACEMENT AND WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE?

17. WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON TECHNIQUE TO DETERMINE THINNESS & EXCESSIVE FATNESS? BODY MASS INDEX

18. BODY MASS INDEX: -INCORPORATES HEIGHT & WEIGHT (NOT GENDER SPECIFIC) TO ESTIMATE CRITICAL FAT VALUES AT WHICH THE RISK FOR DISEASE INCREASES -IN RECENT YEARS HAS BECOME THE MEDICAL STANDARD USED TO MEASUE OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY -BMI 18.5-25 IS CONSIDERED NORMAL -LOWEST RISK FOR CHRONIC DISEASE IS BMI 22-25 -OVERWEIGHT: BMI 25-30 -OBESE: ABOVE 30 -UNDERWEIGHT: BMI BELOW 18.5

19. BMI CALCULATION: -MULTIPLYING BODY WEIGHT BY 705 & DIVIDING THIS FIGURE BY THE SQUARE OF THE HEIGHT IN INCHES 160LBS X 705 = 112,800 112,800 / (69)2 = 112,800/4,761 = 23.69 BMI