The document discusses various topics related to fitness, exercise, nutrition and health. It begins by defining fitness and discusses the concept of the "fitness illusion". It then provides statistics on exercise habits and obesity rates in the US. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological benefits of exercise and discusses factors influencing food choices and alcohol consumption among college students.

1. CHAPTER 7 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS DEFINE “FITNESS.” EXPLAIN WHAT THE “FITNESS ILLUSION” IS. WHAT % OF AMERICANS DO NOT EXERCISE AT ALL DURING THEIR LEISURE? 50% OF NEW FITNESS CLUB MEMBERSHIPS QUIT WITHIN HOW MANY MONTHS OF JOINING? DEFINE “OBESITY.” WHAT % OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OBESE? STATE & EXPLAIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF EXERCIES. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF EXERCISE? WHAT IS THE REAL REASON WHY MOST PEOPLE DO NOT EXERCISE? STATE & EXPLAIN THE COMPONENTS OF HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS. WHAT IS ONE OF THE INFLUENCES ON RECREATIONAL EATING CHOICES? WHAT % OF A FAMILY’S FOOD BUDGET GOES TOWARD MEALS EATEN OUTSIDE THE HOME? WHAT IS “PORTION DISTORTION?” IN YOUR OPINION, WHY IS ALCOHOL RELATED PROBLEMS SUCH AN ISSUE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES? IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT IS “BINGE DRINKING?”

2. FITNESS -”THE ABILITY TO PARTICIPATE, WITHOUT UNDUE STRESS, IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING.” -ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING -”EVERDAY BEHAVIORS THAT PEOPLE NORMALLY DO TO FUNCTION IN LIFE.” -CARRYING GROCERIES -DOING LAUNDRY -CLEANING THE HOUSE.

3. HOW CAN FITNESS BE AFFECTED BY LEISURE? 1) PHYSICAL LEISURE ACTIVITIES -Life in general has become more sedentary, making the importance of physical activity during leisure that much greater. 2) NEGATIVE LEISURE ACTIVITIES -Certain leisure activities can have an adverse effect on fitness. -Drug Use -Alcohol Consumption -Junk Food -Excessive TV, Phone, Computer 3) LEISURE PLANNING -Effective leisure planning and time management can enable more time to be devoted to fitness-related activities. 4) PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE -The psychological state elicited by leisure activities in turn affects physical well-being.

4. HOW CAN FITNESS HAVE AN IMPACT ON LEISURE? 1) INCREASE ENERGY -The energizing effects of exercise may help a person work more efficiently, thereby creating more leisure time. 2) INCREASE STAMINA -A high level of fitness can raise the performance and stamina levels of certain leisure activities, making them more personally satisfying. 3) ENHANCED SELF-ESTEEM -The enhanced self-esteem derived from improved fitness may increase both the enjoyment and number of social leisure activities.

5. WHAT IS THE FITNESS ILLUSION? 30 million Americans belong to some form of health club. Industry revenue is $10.6 Billion -”Americans spend a great deal of money on fitness, but do not actually participate in physical activity.” WHY?

6. WHAT % OF AMERICANS DO NOT EXERCISE AT ALL DURING THEIR LEISURE? 50%

7. 50% OF NEW FITNESS CLUB MEMBERSHIPS QUIT WITHIN HOW MANY MONTHS OF JOINING? 6 MONTHS

8. WHAT IS THE REAL REASON WHY MOST PEOPLE DO NOT EXERCISE? LAZINESS

9. OBESITY -”A PERSON WHO IS 30 POUNDS OR MORE OVERWEIGHT.” 26% OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OBESE. 35% OF AMERICAN ADULTS ARE OVERWEIGHT. 1 IN 3 AMERICAN KIDS & TEENS IS OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE. 300,000 AMERICANS DIE ANNUALLY FROM DISEASES RELATED TO INACTIVITY. OBESITY/OVERWEIGHT ISSUES ACCOUNT FOR $50 BILLION ANNUALLY IN MEDICAL COSTS.

10. WHY ARE SO MANY AMERICAN ADULTS OVERWEIGHT/OBESE? WHY ARE SO MANY AMERICAN KIDS & TEENS OVERWEIGHT/OBESE?

11. PHYSIOLOGICAL (PHYSICAL) BENEFITS OF EXERCISE 1) CARDIOVASCULAR -STRENGTHENS THE HEART, KEEPS BLOOD PRESSURE & CHOLESTEROL DOWN, & LOWERS THE RISK OF DEATH FROM HEART DISEASE. 2) DIABETES -SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF DIABETES. -EXERCISE CAN HELP PREVENT DIABETES BY LOWERING BODY FAT LEVELS. 3) CANCER -EXERCISE HELPS PREVENT CERTAIN TYPES OF CANCER (COLON, BREAST, PROSTATE). 4) BONES -REDUCES LIKELIHOOD OF OSTEOPOROSIS & HELPS PREVENT FRAILTY. 5) IMMUNE SYSTEM -STRENGTHENS IMMUNE SYSTEM. PHYSICALLY FIT PEOPLE ARE LESS LIKELY TO SUFFER FROM COMMON ILLNESSES (COLD & FLU). 6) LIFE SPAN -EVERY HOUR SPENT EXERCISING INCREASES YOUR LIFE SPAN BY 2 HOURS.

12. PSYCHOLOGICAL (MENTAL & EMOTIONAL) BENEFITS OF EXERCISE 1) BETTER MOOD -EXERCISE SIGNIFICANTLY LESSENS DEPRESSION, ANGER, & CYNICAL DISTRUST. 2) STRESS RELIEVER -EXERCISE HELPS INDIVIDUALS RELIEVE EMOTIONAL STRESS. 3) REDUCES MENTAL FATIGUE -EXERCISE RECARGES THE MIND & REDUCES LEVEL OF CONFUSION.

13. WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS? 1) Aerobic Capacity: -Most important component due to research linking aerobic capacity with various health factors. -Aerobic fitness is related to the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of physical activity engaged in. 2) Body Composition: -Two components: -1) Body-Fat Weight: Total of body’s fat. -2) Lean Body Weight: Muscle, bone, skin, water, and organs. 3) Musculoskeletal Development/Fitness: -Three components: 1) Muscular Strength 2) Muscular Endurance 3) Flexibility

14. RECREATIONAL EATING

15. ONE OF THE MAIN INFLUENCES ON RECREATIONAL EATING CHOICES ADVERTISING -2001: THE 5 LEADING FAST-FOOD CHAINS SPENT $1.5 BILLION PROMOTING THEIR PRODUCTS.

16. WHAT % OF A FAMILY’S BUDGET GOES TOWARDS MEALS EATEN OUTSIDE THE HOME? 40%

17. PORTION DISTORTION -THE NORM THAT PORTION SIZES HAVE STEADILY INCREASED SINCE THE 1970’S. -2004: AVERAGE FAST FOOD RESTAURANT SODA SIZE: 24 OUNCES. -1979: AVERAGE FAST FOOD RESTAURANT SODA SIZE: 12 OUNCES.

18. RECREATIONAL ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

19. 2010 STUDY BY BRITAIN’S CENTER FOR CRIME & JUSTICE STUDIES MOST DANGEROUS DRUG: ALCOHOL CRITERIA: -HOW ADDICTIVE A DRUG IS. -HOW IT HARMS THE BODY. -ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAUSED. -ROLE IN BREAKING UP FAMILIES. -ECONOMIC COSTS (HEALTH CARE, SOCIAL SERVICES, & PRISON).

20. HIGH RISK COLLEGE DRINKING CONSEQUENCES 1) 1700 HOW MANY COLLEGE STUDENTS DIE EACH YEAR FROM ALOCOHOL-RELATED UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES? 1700 2) HOW MUCH MONEY DOES THE AVERAGE COLLEGE STUDENT SPEND ON ALCOHOL EACH YEAR? $900 3) WHAT % OF CAMPUS RAPES OCCUR WHEN ALCOHOL HAS BEEN USED? 90% 4) WHAT % OF COLLEGE MALES ADMIT TO HAVING COMMITTED ACTS THAT MEET THE LEGAL DEFINITION OF RAPE OR DATE RAPE? 8% (1 IN 12) 5) WHAT % OF COLLEGE STUDENTS SAY THEY HAVE HAD UNPROTECTED SEX AS A RESULT IT BEING DRUNK? 20% 6) ON AN EMPTY STOMACH, HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR ALCOHOL TO BE ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM? 5 MINUTES. 7) ONCE IN THE BLOODSTREAM, HO WLONG DOES IT TAKE FOR ALCOHOL TO BE CARRIED TO ALL OF THE BODY’S ORGANS INCLUDING THE BRAIN? 90 SECONDS. 8) HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE THE BODY TO GET RID OF THE ALCOHOL FROM AN AVERAGE DRINK? 2 HOURS. 9) HOW MANY 1ST-YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS DROP OUT EVERY YEAR FOR ALCOHOL/DRUP RELATED REASONS? 159,000.

21. MEDIA & PEER PRESSURE IMPACTING COLLEGE DRINKING AMERICANS SPEND MORE THAN $120 BILLION ON ALCOHOL EACH YEAR $50-70 BILLION OF WHICH IS ON BEER MALES 21-35 ARE MAIN TARGET OF BEER ADS BEER COMMERCIALS TEND TO PROMOTE ALCOHOL & SEX GO PERFECTLY TOGETHER A 2004 USA TODAY ARTICLE STATED THAT A STUDY FOUND THAT NCAA TOURNAMENT GAMES LED ALL OTHER SPORTS EVENTS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED ADVERTISING STUDIES SHOW THAT COLLEGE ATHLETES DRINK MORE HEAVILY THAN NON-ATHLETES

22. WHY IS ALCOHOL SUCH AN ISSUE ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES?

23. BINGE DRINKING -THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALCOHOLISM & ALCOHOL ABUSE (NIAAA) ADOPTED THE 5/4 DEFINITION. -MALES: 5 OR MORE DRINKS IN A 2 HOUR PERIOD -FEMALES: 4 OR MORE DRINKS IN A 2 HOUR PERIOD WHY IS BINGE DRINKING MORE OF A PROBLEM ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES THAN IN SOCIETY?