Chapter 3.3 : Counting Atoms
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This document defines key concepts related to atoms and isotopes, including: - Atomic number determines the identity of an element and is equal to the number of protons and electrons. Isotopes of an element can have different numbers of neutrons. - Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an isotope's nucleus. - The mole is the amount of substance containing as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12, whose value is Avogadro's number, 6.022x1023. - Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is numerically equal to the atomic mass of an element in grams per mole (g/mol).
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The document discusses the mole, which is defined as 6.022x1023 particles and is used as a unit to describe large numbers of atoms or molecules. It explains that the molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of that substance, and provides examples of calculating the number of moles and particles for given masses of various elements and compounds. The document also demonstrates how to use the mole concept to convert between mass and number of particles.
Lecture 10.1- The Mole
The document discusses the mole, which is used to measure the quantity of particles in chemical reactions. A mole is defined as 6.02 x 1023 particles and represents atoms, molecules, or formula units that are involved in a balanced chemical equation. The mass of one mole of an element or compound, known as its molar mass, is equal numerically to the atomic/formula mass and given in grams. The mole allows chemists to quantitatively relate the masses of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
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2011 topic 01 lecture 1 - the mole and avogadro's constant
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The endocrine system is made up of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various bodily functions. The main glands include the adrenal glands, which release epinephrine during the fight or flight response; the thyroid gland, which controls growth hormone secretion; and the thymus gland, which produces immune cells. These glands utilize feedback mechanisms to control hormone release and ensure balance, though imbalances can occur if a gland produces too much or too little of a certain hormone.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the nervous system, including its central and peripheral components. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which process and respond to messages from the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system connects all body parts to the central nervous system using neurons, sensory neurons that gather information and motor neurons that send signals. The nervous system also has somatic and autonomic divisions, with the somatic controlling voluntary movement and the autonomic regulating involuntary functions like digestion. The brain acts as the main control center and is comprised of the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla, each with distinct roles in thinking, movement and involuntary processes.
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Life Science 3.1 : The Digestive System
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Life Science 1.2 : The Skeletal System
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, and connective tissue that hold bones together. Bones have two types of tissue - compact bone that is solid and spongy bone that has many open spaces. Bones perform four key functions: providing structure, allowing movement, protecting organs, and storing minerals. There are three types of joints - fixed, slightly movable, and freely movable. Common injuries to the skeletal system include fractures and broken bones, while diseases include arthritis which causes joint swelling and stiffness and osteoporosis which reduces bone density.
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Earth Science 6.1 : Volcanic Eruptions
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Earth Science 5.3 : Earthquakes and Society
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Earth Science 5.1: What are Earthquakes?
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Chapter 3.3 : Counting Atoms
- 1. Counting Atoms Chapter 3.3
- 2. Objectives Explain what isotopes are Define atomic number and mass number, and describe how they apply to isotopes. Given the identity of a nuclide, determine its number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Define mole in terms of Avogadro’s number, and define molar mass. Solve problems involving mass in grams, amount in moles, and number of atoms of an element
- 3. Atomic Number Symbol – Z Number of protons in nucleus of atom Determines the identity of the atom!!!!! C - 6 He - ___ F - ___ Pb - ___ Use periodic table to find these! Since atoms are neutral atomic number is also number of electrons So C also has 6 electrons He - ____ electrons
- 4. Isotopes All Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton Many naturally occurring elements can contain different numbers of neutrons. Isotope – at0ms of the same element that have different masses. n n n Protium 99.985 % Deuterium 0.015 % Tritium Trace Three isotopes of Hydrogen
- 7. A X A : mass number, Z : atomic number, X : symbol of element
- 9. All others are compared to carbon -12
- 10. Hydrogen – 1 , about 1/12 the mass of carbon -12
- 11. Precise value is 1.007825 amu
- 12. Magnesium – 24 , Slightly less than twice that of carbon -12
- 15. Use table 3-4 pg. 80 in text
- 16. Copper - 63 69.17% with mass of 62.929599 amu Copper – 65 30.83% with mass of 64.927793 amu (0.6917 x 62.929599 amu) + (0.3083 x 64.927793 amu) =63.55 Match with atomic mass on periodic table Round to two decimal places in calculations
- 17. Relating Mass to Numbers of Atoms The MOLE SI base unit for amount of a substance Abbreviated as mol Defined as : amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon – 12 Counting unit just like a dozen We don’t order 12 or 24 eggs, we order 1 or 2 dozen In same way, a chemist may want 1 mol of carbon or 2 mol of iron. 63.55 g of copper or 1 mol of copper
- 20. Gram/Mole Conversions Mass In grams Moles In mol Atoms In atoms Avogadro’s Number Molar mass What is the mass in grams of 3.50 mol of the element copper, Cu? A chemist produced 11.9 g of Aluminum, Al. How many moles of aluminum were produced? How many moles of silver, Ag, are in 3.01 x 1023 atoms of silver? What is the mass in grams of 1.20 x 1023 atoms of copper, Cu?
- 21. The Ten Commolements (found at http://members.tripod.com/~smalls42/commolements.html) Thou shalt not use 6.02 x 1023 in vain. Thou shalt not use the term mole if thou has no true knowledge of the term mole. Thou shalt not kill a mole. Thou shalt not covet your neighbor's mole. Thou shall always remember to celebrate Mole Day. Thou shalt not disparage Mole Day. Thou shalt not use a mole out of season. Thou shalt always honor the one who introduced thou to Mole Day. You shalt always keep sacred 10/23. Thou shalt always remember these commolments or thou will never properly celebrate Mole Day.