The document discusses seasons, weather, and weather extremes. It explains that Earth's tilt and revolution around the sun cause the seasons, with solstices marking the start of summer and winter when the sun is directly overhead at the poles, and equinoxes marking the start of spring and fall when day and night are equal in length. Weather is defined as atmospheric conditions at a specific time and place, while climate describes conditions over the long term. Factors that influence weather include the sun, water vapor, precipitation, cloud cover, landforms, elevation, air movement, and typhoons and tornadoes which form from strong thunderstorms over warm waters. Weather extremes discussed are blizzards, droughts, and floods.

2. I.
Seasons
A. Earth’s Tilt
1.
2.
Earth is tilted at a 23.5° angle relative to the sun.
3.
4.
The seasons are related to the earth’s tilt and revolution.
Areas of Earth get more, less direct sun at different times
of year.
The solstice marks beginning of summer, winter.
a.
5.
sun’s rays directly overhead at noon at furthest
points north and south.
The equinox marks the beginning of spring and autumn.
a.
day and night are equal in length.

4. II. Weather
A. Weather and Climate
1.
Weather—atmospheric conditions at a particular location and
time.
2.
Climate—weather conditions at one location over a long
period.
a.
Example: Northern Russia has a cold climate
B. What Causes the Weather?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sun: amount of solar energy received.
Water vapor: determines whether there will be precipitation.
Precipitation—water droplets falling as rain, snow, sleet, hail.
Cloud cover: clouds may hold water vapor.

5. C. What Causes the Weather?
1.
Landforms and bodies of water.
a.
b.
2.
Land heats rapidly, loses heat rapidly.
Elevation: as elevation increases, air becomes
a.
3.
Water heats slowly, loses heat slowly.
Thin air cannot hold moisture.
Air movement: distributes moisture and solar energy.
thinner.

6. D.Precipitation
1. Precipitation comes about when:
a. warm air rises, cools, loses ability to hold water
2.
vapor.
water vapor condenses into droplets.
water droplets form clouds.
heavy clouds release droplets as rain, snow.
Three types of precipitation
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
Convectional
Orthographic
Frontal
3. Rain shadow—land on leeward side of hills,
mountains.
a. little precipitation in rain shadow.

10. E. Hurricanes
1.
Huge storms called hurricanes, or typhoons in Asia:
a.
b.
form over warm, tropical ocean waters.
hit land with heavy rain, high winds, storm surge.
F. Tornadoes
1.
Tornado—a powerful, funnel-shaped column of spiraling air:
a.
b.
from strong thunderstorms.
capable of immense damage.

11. Look at the typhoons in this
image and describe how the
wind and water appear to
be moving?

14. III.Weather Extremes
A. Blizzards
1.
Blizzard—heavy snowstorm with strong winds, reduced
visibility.
B. Droughts
1.
Drought: long period of time with either no or minimal
rainfall.
C. Floods
1.
Water spreads out over normally dry land.

15. Examine the photograph and
guess what economic problems
might be caused by the
drought?