vegetation and climate

1. Climate and
Vegetation
CHAPTER 3

2. SUMMURY
 What will you learn?
  Earth’s rotation and revolution
  Seasons
  Weather and climate
  Causes of weather and climate
  Climate and vegetation

3. THE SUN AND THE EARTH

4. ROTATION AND
REVOLUTION
HOW OFTEN DOES THE EARTH
ROTATE?
EVERY 24 HOURS
HOW OFTEN DOES THE EARTH
REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN?
EVERY 365 AND ¼ DAYS

5. Because the earth is tilted on
its axis, different parts of the
globe receive different direct
rays of the sun during different
times of the year.

6. EARTH’S ROTATION AND
REVOLUTION
-The earth rotates as it revolves around the sun.
Rotation is the motion of the earth as it spins on
its axis once every 24 hours.
-The seasons are related to the earth’s tilt and
revolution

7. The Solstice and the Equinox
When are the winter and summer
solstices?
What happens on these days?
When are the spring and fall equinoxes?
What happens on these days?

8. EARTH’S REVOLUTION AND
SEASONS
 Solstice is used to describe the
time during the year
 when the sun reaches the
farthest northern or southern
 hemisphere in the sky.
  In the Northern and
southern Hemisphere the
summer
 day is longer than the night,
but In the winter the day is
 shorter than the night. In spring
and autumn the day
 and night are equal in length.

9. SOlSTICE AND EQUINOX
 The solstice marks the beginning
of summer/winter
  - sun’s rays directly overhead at
noon
 at furthest points north and south
  -Summer Solstice = longest day
of the
 year
  -Winter Solstice = shortest day
 It occurs on June 21/22 and
 December 22/23
 The equinox marks
the beginning of
 spring/fall
(autumn).
  - day and night
are equal in length
 It occurs on
September 23 and
March 21
.

10. What is the difference between
climate and weather?
Weather is the
temperature and
precipitation of a
certain place at a
certain time---a
snapshot!

11. Climate includes weather
conditions (temperature and
precipitation over a long period
of time)—like a movie!

12. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
WEATHER
Sun - amount of solar energy received
 Water vapor –determines where there will be
precipitation.
  Cloud Cover – holds water vapor.
  - Precipitation —water droplets falling as rain,
snow, sleet, hail

13. OTHER FACTORS
  Elevation – Higher elevation = thinner air, loss of
ability to
hold moisture
  Air movement (wind) –moves the solar energy and
moisture (clouds) it holds.
 Landforms and bodies of water
  Water heats/cools slowly
  Land heats/cools rapidly

14. PRECIPITATION
 Precipitation comes about when:
 1. warm air rises, cools, loses ability to hold water
vapor
 2. water vapor condenses into droplets
 3. water droplets form clouds
 4. heavy clouds release droplets as rain, sleet, snow
or hail

15. TYPES OF PRECIPITATION
CONVECTIONAL
OROGRAPHIC
FRONTAL

17. CONVECTIONAL
PRECIPITATION
CONVECTIONAL HEATING
OCCURS IN THE TROPICS
AND THE RAIN FOREST WHERE
THE HUMIDITY IS HIGH

18. OROGRAPHIC
PRECIPITATION
OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION
OCCURS WHERE THERE
ARE MOUNTAINS THAT BLOCK
THE RAIN SHOWERS

19. RAIN SHADOW
 Land on the leeward side of hills and mountains.
 There is little precipitation in the rain shadow.

20. FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
FRONTAL PRECIPITATION
OCCURS WHEN
TWO LARGE
AIR MASSES
(COLD AND WARM FRONTS)
COLLIDE

21. EXTREME WEATHER
 Extreme weather or extreme climate
events includes unexpected,
unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather;

23. HURRICAN DAMAGES

25. TORNADES

28. BLIZZARD

29. FLOOD

32. DROUGHT

34. TYPE OF WEATHER
EXTREMES
 Tornado: clouds, strong wind, rain, hail
 Hurricane or cyclone: strong wind, heavy rain
 Blizzard: heavy snow, ice, cold temperatures
 Dust storm: strong winds, arid conditions
 Flood: heavy rainfall
 Hail storm: cold or warm temperatures, rain,
ice
 Ice storm: freezing rain

35. CLIMATE FACTORS
Temperature and Precipitation depend upon the following
factors:
 1.Wind and Ocean Currents
 2. Latitude
 3. Elevation
 4. Topography

36. WIND CURRENTS
The transfer of heat around the globe happens
because of
CONVECTION.
Ocean currents and wind currents move the heat from place
to place.

37. Look on page 54. What is the
CORIOLIS EFFECT?
IF YOU ARE BLINDFOLDED AND TRY TO WALK
IN A STRAIGHT LINE….
IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, YOUR
STRAIGHT LINE WILL BEGIN TO CURVE
IN A CLOCKWISE CIRCLE.
IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE, YOUR
STRAIGHT LINE WILL BEGIN TO CURVE
IN A COUNTER-CLOCKWISE CIRCLE.

42. As the elevation
increases,
TEMPERATURE
DECREASES
AND
PRECIPITATION
DECREASES

43. LATITUDE

44. LATITUDE
THE FARTHER WE MOVE
AWAY FROM THE EQUATOR,
THE MORE THE
TEMPERATURE AND
PRECIPITATION DECREASE.

45. CLIMATE ZONES
Polar zone
Temperate zone
Tropical zone
Temperate zone
Polar zone

46. LATITUDES
TROPICAL ZONES
LOW LATITUDES
0- 23 DEGREES
TEMPERATE ZONES
MID LATITUDES
24-66 DEGREES
POLAR ZONES
HIGH LATITUDES
67-90 DEGREES

47. LOCATION TO LANDFORMS
MOUNTAINS CAN AFFECT CLIMATE, BECAUSE
PRECIPITATION IS SCARCE AS ELEVATION
INCREASES. AREAS ON THE DRY SIDE OF
THE MOUNTAIN ARE IN THE RAIN SHADOW.

48. CHANGES IN CLIMATE
What is El Nino, really?
What is the Greenhouse
Effect?
What is global Warming?

51. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

53.  To categorize climate regions, geographers divide the
 earth into three general zones of latitude : tropical,
 middle and high. These zones are found on both sides of
 the equator. Tropical latitudes are found between the
 equator and tropic of cancer and between the equator
 and the tropic Capricorn where it is usually hot. Middle
 latitudes extend from the tropic lines to the lines of the
 Artic and Antarctic circles. High latitude refers to the
 cold areas around the north and south poles.