Planning Methods discusses standards of provision and criteria for recognizing provisions. A provision is a liability of uncertain timing or amount that arises from past events where settlement is expected to result in an outflow of resources. A provision will be recognized if an entity has a present obligation from a past event, an outflow of benefits is probable to settle the obligation, and the amount can be reliably estimated. Tourism provision defines services in the tourism sector and conditions under which public institutions, health facilities, cultural institutions, associations and individuals can provide certain tourism services. The document outlines advantages like economic and job opportunities and disadvantages such as environmental damage, commercialization of culture, and economic dependence on tourism.
Chapter 6 Tourism Planning for Sustainable Destinations and Sites (Tourism Pl...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable tourism as visiting destinations in a way that minimizes negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. It outlines the three dimensions of sustainable tourism as environmental, economic, and social. It also discusses principles of sustainable tourism development such as optimizing resource use, reducing overconsumption, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring long-term economic benefits.
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
The document discusses tourism development at multiple scales, from individual sites and destinations to regional scales involving many jurisdictions over long time periods. It addresses factors like transportation, attractions, utilities, and links between sites that are important for planning tourism destinations and regions. Additionally, it outlines considerations for developing tourism businesses and attractions as well as planning transportation, information/promotion, and accounting for social and environmental impacts.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
This document discusses tourism policy and its objectives. Tourism policy is defined as public policy formulated by central and local governments to regulate the tourism industry. The objectives of tourism policy are to maximize economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits while minimizing negative impacts. Tourism policy objectives are achieved through planning, legislation, facilitating development, taxation, education/training, and marketing. Governments establish rules and provide infrastructure/support to develop the tourism sector in a sustainable manner.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to accomplish those goals. It is a multidimensional activity that considers social, economic, political, and environmental factors. Effective tourism planning requires assessing existing conditions, analyzing data, developing recommendations, and monitoring outcomes. The planning process aims to maximize tourism's benefits while minimizing negative impacts on communities and the environment.
This document discusses the difference between tourism policy and strategy. It defines tourism policy as regulations and guidelines that provide structure for long-term tourism development. Tourism policy sets the overall goals for where a country wants tourism to go. Strategy is the process of developing specific objectives and plans to achieve those policy goals. The document also discusses the importance of tourism policy for providing planning guidelines and the process of policy formulation, which should include setting goals and objectives and then strategies to implement them. It notes that government involvement in tourism can range from passive support to active participation in tourism development.
This document discusses key concepts in tourism planning including approaches, techniques, levels, elements, and processes. Some key points:
- Tourism planning is necessary to coordinate sectors and maximize economic and cultural benefits while avoiding environmental degradation.
- Approaches include systems, comprehensive, integrated, environmental, community, and implementable approaches.
- Levels of planning include international, national, regional, subregional, land use, facility site, facility design, and special studies.
- Major elements in planning a destination include market analysis, resource assessment, marketing, economic analysis, environment, and social impact.
- The planning process involves steps like market analysis, conceptual planning, master planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Chapter 6 Tourism Planning for Sustainable Destinations and Sites (Tourism Pl...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable tourism as visiting destinations in a way that minimizes negative environmental, social, and economic impacts. It outlines the three dimensions of sustainable tourism as environmental, economic, and social. It also discusses principles of sustainable tourism development such as optimizing resource use, reducing overconsumption, maintaining biodiversity, and ensuring long-term economic benefits.
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
The document discusses tourism development at multiple scales, from individual sites and destinations to regional scales involving many jurisdictions over long time periods. It addresses factors like transportation, attractions, utilities, and links between sites that are important for planning tourism destinations and regions. Additionally, it outlines considerations for developing tourism businesses and attractions as well as planning transportation, information/promotion, and accounting for social and environmental impacts.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
This document discusses tourism policy and its objectives. Tourism policy is defined as public policy formulated by central and local governments to regulate the tourism industry. The objectives of tourism policy are to maximize economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits while minimizing negative impacts. Tourism policy objectives are achieved through planning, legislation, facilitating development, taxation, education/training, and marketing. Governments establish rules and provide infrastructure/support to develop the tourism sector in a sustainable manner.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to accomplish those goals. It is a multidimensional activity that considers social, economic, political, and environmental factors. Effective tourism planning requires assessing existing conditions, analyzing data, developing recommendations, and monitoring outcomes. The planning process aims to maximize tourism's benefits while minimizing negative impacts on communities and the environment.
This document discusses the difference between tourism policy and strategy. It defines tourism policy as regulations and guidelines that provide structure for long-term tourism development. Tourism policy sets the overall goals for where a country wants tourism to go. Strategy is the process of developing specific objectives and plans to achieve those policy goals. The document also discusses the importance of tourism policy for providing planning guidelines and the process of policy formulation, which should include setting goals and objectives and then strategies to implement them. It notes that government involvement in tourism can range from passive support to active participation in tourism development.
This document discusses key concepts in tourism planning including approaches, techniques, levels, elements, and processes. Some key points:
- Tourism planning is necessary to coordinate sectors and maximize economic and cultural benefits while avoiding environmental degradation.
- Approaches include systems, comprehensive, integrated, environmental, community, and implementable approaches.
- Levels of planning include international, national, regional, subregional, land use, facility site, facility design, and special studies.
- Major elements in planning a destination include market analysis, resource assessment, marketing, economic analysis, environment, and social impact.
- The planning process involves steps like market analysis, conceptual planning, master planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Chapter 2 Public Policy Making (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses public policy making related to tourism in Bangladesh. It provides background on Bangladesh's tourism policies, outlining that the first official tourism policy was formulated in 1992, with updates in 2009 and 2010. It describes the key government bodies responsible for implementing tourism policy. It also lists some of the major objectives of the 2010 tourism policy, such as developing tourism industries, creating tourism awareness, and attracting both domestic and international tourists. Finally, it briefly outlines and compares several models for decision making that are relevant to public policy, including rational, intuitive, creative, and recognition-primed models.
Chapter 1 Tourist Destination Development (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various topics related to tourism destination development including inventory of tourist attractions, types of tourism products, phases of tourism product development, challenges in developing new tourism products, tourism master plan guidelines, resort development process, tourism destination area development, and types of tourism destinations. It provides information on cultural, religious, scenic, and entertainment attractions. It also outlines the conceptualization, design, feasibility analysis, commitment, and management phases of resort planning and development.
1. Tools and techniques used in tourism planning include education through interpretation to visitors, the role of tour guides in informing and educating visitors, and self-regulation through tourism codes of conduct.
2. Information technology is increasingly used in tourism planning through tools like GIS which can process geographical and other tourism-related data to produce maps and statistics.
3. Tourism planning aims for sustainability through frameworks like environmentally-led tourism where a high quality tourism experience depends on a high quality environment. The UN provides guidance on measuring and policy instruments to help make tourism more sustainable.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to achieve those goals through a multi-step process. The key steps include setting objectives, conducting surveys to collect data, analyzing the data, formulating policies and plans, making recommendations, implementing plans, and ongoing monitoring. Tourism planning is necessary to optimize economic benefits, ensure environmental sustainability, and balance social impacts. It involves coordination across different levels from international to local. Failure to properly plan can result in overdevelopment and negative consequences for communities and the environment.
1. The Tourism Industry
2. Classic Tourism Development Theories
3. Ideal Sustainable Tourism Development
4. Issues in Tourism Development
5. Some Possible Solutions
The document provides guidance on developing a destination management plan. It discusses what destination management planning entails, why a plan is important, who should be involved, and the stages of developing a plan. Key aspects include gathering evidence about the destination's assets, visitors, and businesses; identifying strategic objectives and actions; and implementing, monitoring, and reviewing the plan on an ongoing basis to ensure it remains relevant. The goal is to produce a sustainable and competitive tourism industry for the destination.
The document discusses several key perspectives on the impacts of tourism. It outlines both the economic advantages and disadvantages of tourism. The advantages include foreign investment and employment opportunities for local communities. However, tourism can also cause issues like seasonal unemployment, income leakage from the local economy, and overreliance on the tourism industry. The document provides an overview of different economic factors to consider regarding tourism's impacts on a destination.
Tourism an oppurtunity for community developmentAbby Varghese
Tourism can benefit local communities in several ways if managed properly. Economically, tourism creates many direct and indirect jobs for local communities, increases income and revenue, and leads to infrastructure development. Socially, tourism improves quality of life for host communities through facilities, healthcare, and preserving cultural traditions. It also culturally benefits visitors by enhancing appreciation of other cultures. Environmentally, tourism contributes to conservation by directly funding protected areas and raising environmental awareness, as natural attractions must be preserved to keep the tourism industry viable. Overall, tourism can drive community development when revenues support local communities and priorities.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
Unit 16: Responsible Tourism For Tour Operatorsduanesrt
The document discusses implementing responsible tourism practices for tour operators in Vietnam. It covers topics such as understanding the tourism sector in Vietnam, applying responsible employment policies, reducing environmental impacts, developing responsible tourism products and supply chains, ensuring responsible marketing, and supporting local tourism destinations. The document provides guidance on how tour operators can incorporate responsible practices into their internal management, products, supply chains, marketing and community support to achieve sustainable tourism growth.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
Chapter 5 Destination Development Policies (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various policies and strategies related to destination development. It covers topics such as improving the visitor experience, diversifying local economies, enhancing infrastructure, increasing support services, and balancing economic and environmental goals. Specific issues addressed include developing attractions, amenities, and events; diversifying markets; ensuring sustainability; and the roles of effective marketing, private sector engagement, planning, and government policies and investments in promoting tourism.
Chapter 4 Marketing of Tourist Destinations (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document discusses destination marketing strategies. It begins by defining destination marketing as promoting a location to potential visitors to increase tourism. The rest of the document provides details on developing a destination marketing plan and strategy. It outlines 14 specific destination marketing strategies, such as defining unique selling points, targeting audiences, and using influencers and social media. It then describes a 7-step process for creating a destination marketing plan, including analyzing the internal and external markets, setting prices, developing a budget, and creating a marketing strategy to promote the destination.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism on local economies and communities. Tourism can provide significant economic benefits through increased sales, income, jobs and tax revenue. However, it also poses risks like seasonal fluctuations, price increases that hurt local residents, and overreliance on the tourism industry that makes economies vulnerable to downturns. Tourism development requires substantial infrastructure investments that divert funds from other community needs. While tourism opens opportunities for economic growth, its impacts must be carefully managed to ensure benefits are shared locally.
Destination development policies for alternative tourismSarabindhGManoj
This document discusses destination development policies for alternative tourism. It defines alternative tourism as travel that encourages interaction with local environments, people and communities. Some forms of alternative tourism mentioned include nature-based tourism, cultural tourism, senior citizen tourism, and sustainable tourism. The document also discusses concepts like heritage tourism, cultural tourism, eco-tourism, and ethnic tourism. It notes some criteria for better alternative tourism destination development such as efficiency and influence on regional economic growth and quality of life. Finally, it provides an example of Tanzania's destination development policies and strategies, which include improving infrastructure and accessibility as well as promoting Tanzania's image and protecting wildlife and cultural resources.
The document discusses the evolution of tourism planning since World War 2 from a state-oriented approach to a more regional and systems-based approach. It also discusses how tourism can benefit local communities economically and socially if planned carefully, but uncontrolled development can lead to false expectations. Finally, it stresses the importance of community involvement in tourism planning through various consultation methods to develop robust plans that consider local impacts and create recognizable tourism destinations.
Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize environmental and social impacts while providing economic benefits. It takes full account of current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts on visitors, industry, environment, and host communities. The principles of sustainable tourism include using resources sustainably, reducing over-consumption and waste, maintaining biodiversity, integrating tourism into local planning, supporting local economies, involving local communities, consulting stakeholders, training staff, marketing responsibly, and ongoing research.
Combined Basic Principles of Tourism Management Trends 2015Heinzel Villanueva
The document defines key terms related to tourism such as tourists, types of tourism (inbound, outbound, domestic, etc.), and components of the tourism industry and management. It discusses principles of tourism, stakeholders and their roles, types of tourists and travel motivations. It provides an overview of the Philippines' national tourism development plan for 2011-2016, which aims to make the Philippines a "must experience" Asian destination. The plan focuses on improving market access and connectivity, developing competitive destinations and products, and improving tourism workforce governance. It also outlines the country's tourism product portfolio and cluster approach to destination development.
The document discusses the tourism system and its key components. It describes the tourism system as consisting of three interrelated elements: tourists, geographical areas, and the tourism industry. The geographical areas include tourist generating regions, transit regions, and destination regions. The tourism industry comprises transportation, accommodation, ancillary services like activities and attractions, and sales/distribution. It also discusses factors that influence the tourism system like resources, technology, and government policies. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the tourism system and its basic elements and influences.
Chapter 2 Public Policy Making (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses public policy making related to tourism in Bangladesh. It provides background on Bangladesh's tourism policies, outlining that the first official tourism policy was formulated in 1992, with updates in 2009 and 2010. It describes the key government bodies responsible for implementing tourism policy. It also lists some of the major objectives of the 2010 tourism policy, such as developing tourism industries, creating tourism awareness, and attracting both domestic and international tourists. Finally, it briefly outlines and compares several models for decision making that are relevant to public policy, including rational, intuitive, creative, and recognition-primed models.
Chapter 1 Tourist Destination Development (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various topics related to tourism destination development including inventory of tourist attractions, types of tourism products, phases of tourism product development, challenges in developing new tourism products, tourism master plan guidelines, resort development process, tourism destination area development, and types of tourism destinations. It provides information on cultural, religious, scenic, and entertainment attractions. It also outlines the conceptualization, design, feasibility analysis, commitment, and management phases of resort planning and development.
1. Tools and techniques used in tourism planning include education through interpretation to visitors, the role of tour guides in informing and educating visitors, and self-regulation through tourism codes of conduct.
2. Information technology is increasingly used in tourism planning through tools like GIS which can process geographical and other tourism-related data to produce maps and statistics.
3. Tourism planning aims for sustainability through frameworks like environmentally-led tourism where a high quality tourism experience depends on a high quality environment. The UN provides guidance on measuring and policy instruments to help make tourism more sustainable.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to achieve those goals through a multi-step process. The key steps include setting objectives, conducting surveys to collect data, analyzing the data, formulating policies and plans, making recommendations, implementing plans, and ongoing monitoring. Tourism planning is necessary to optimize economic benefits, ensure environmental sustainability, and balance social impacts. It involves coordination across different levels from international to local. Failure to properly plan can result in overdevelopment and negative consequences for communities and the environment.
1. The Tourism Industry
2. Classic Tourism Development Theories
3. Ideal Sustainable Tourism Development
4. Issues in Tourism Development
5. Some Possible Solutions
The document provides guidance on developing a destination management plan. It discusses what destination management planning entails, why a plan is important, who should be involved, and the stages of developing a plan. Key aspects include gathering evidence about the destination's assets, visitors, and businesses; identifying strategic objectives and actions; and implementing, monitoring, and reviewing the plan on an ongoing basis to ensure it remains relevant. The goal is to produce a sustainable and competitive tourism industry for the destination.
The document discusses several key perspectives on the impacts of tourism. It outlines both the economic advantages and disadvantages of tourism. The advantages include foreign investment and employment opportunities for local communities. However, tourism can also cause issues like seasonal unemployment, income leakage from the local economy, and overreliance on the tourism industry. The document provides an overview of different economic factors to consider regarding tourism's impacts on a destination.
Tourism an oppurtunity for community developmentAbby Varghese
Tourism can benefit local communities in several ways if managed properly. Economically, tourism creates many direct and indirect jobs for local communities, increases income and revenue, and leads to infrastructure development. Socially, tourism improves quality of life for host communities through facilities, healthcare, and preserving cultural traditions. It also culturally benefits visitors by enhancing appreciation of other cultures. Environmentally, tourism contributes to conservation by directly funding protected areas and raising environmental awareness, as natural attractions must be preserved to keep the tourism industry viable. Overall, tourism can drive community development when revenues support local communities and priorities.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
Unit 16: Responsible Tourism For Tour Operatorsduanesrt
The document discusses implementing responsible tourism practices for tour operators in Vietnam. It covers topics such as understanding the tourism sector in Vietnam, applying responsible employment policies, reducing environmental impacts, developing responsible tourism products and supply chains, ensuring responsible marketing, and supporting local tourism destinations. The document provides guidance on how tour operators can incorporate responsible practices into their internal management, products, supply chains, marketing and community support to achieve sustainable tourism growth.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
Chapter 5 Destination Development Policies (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses various policies and strategies related to destination development. It covers topics such as improving the visitor experience, diversifying local economies, enhancing infrastructure, increasing support services, and balancing economic and environmental goals. Specific issues addressed include developing attractions, amenities, and events; diversifying markets; ensuring sustainability; and the roles of effective marketing, private sector engagement, planning, and government policies and investments in promoting tourism.
Chapter 4 Marketing of Tourist Destinations (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document discusses destination marketing strategies. It begins by defining destination marketing as promoting a location to potential visitors to increase tourism. The rest of the document provides details on developing a destination marketing plan and strategy. It outlines 14 specific destination marketing strategies, such as defining unique selling points, targeting audiences, and using influencers and social media. It then describes a 7-step process for creating a destination marketing plan, including analyzing the internal and external markets, setting prices, developing a budget, and creating a marketing strategy to promote the destination.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism on local economies and communities. Tourism can provide significant economic benefits through increased sales, income, jobs and tax revenue. However, it also poses risks like seasonal fluctuations, price increases that hurt local residents, and overreliance on the tourism industry that makes economies vulnerable to downturns. Tourism development requires substantial infrastructure investments that divert funds from other community needs. While tourism opens opportunities for economic growth, its impacts must be carefully managed to ensure benefits are shared locally.
Destination development policies for alternative tourismSarabindhGManoj
This document discusses destination development policies for alternative tourism. It defines alternative tourism as travel that encourages interaction with local environments, people and communities. Some forms of alternative tourism mentioned include nature-based tourism, cultural tourism, senior citizen tourism, and sustainable tourism. The document also discusses concepts like heritage tourism, cultural tourism, eco-tourism, and ethnic tourism. It notes some criteria for better alternative tourism destination development such as efficiency and influence on regional economic growth and quality of life. Finally, it provides an example of Tanzania's destination development policies and strategies, which include improving infrastructure and accessibility as well as promoting Tanzania's image and protecting wildlife and cultural resources.
The document discusses the evolution of tourism planning since World War 2 from a state-oriented approach to a more regional and systems-based approach. It also discusses how tourism can benefit local communities economically and socially if planned carefully, but uncontrolled development can lead to false expectations. Finally, it stresses the importance of community involvement in tourism planning through various consultation methods to develop robust plans that consider local impacts and create recognizable tourism destinations.
Sustainable tourism seeks to minimize environmental and social impacts while providing economic benefits. It takes full account of current and future economic, social, and environmental impacts on visitors, industry, environment, and host communities. The principles of sustainable tourism include using resources sustainably, reducing over-consumption and waste, maintaining biodiversity, integrating tourism into local planning, supporting local economies, involving local communities, consulting stakeholders, training staff, marketing responsibly, and ongoing research.
Combined Basic Principles of Tourism Management Trends 2015Heinzel Villanueva
The document defines key terms related to tourism such as tourists, types of tourism (inbound, outbound, domestic, etc.), and components of the tourism industry and management. It discusses principles of tourism, stakeholders and their roles, types of tourists and travel motivations. It provides an overview of the Philippines' national tourism development plan for 2011-2016, which aims to make the Philippines a "must experience" Asian destination. The plan focuses on improving market access and connectivity, developing competitive destinations and products, and improving tourism workforce governance. It also outlines the country's tourism product portfolio and cluster approach to destination development.
The document discusses the tourism system and its key components. It describes the tourism system as consisting of three interrelated elements: tourists, geographical areas, and the tourism industry. The geographical areas include tourist generating regions, transit regions, and destination regions. The tourism industry comprises transportation, accommodation, ancillary services like activities and attractions, and sales/distribution. It also discusses factors that influence the tourism system like resources, technology, and government policies. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the tourism system and its basic elements and influences.
The roles of tourists, tourism operators, and local communities are important for supporting sustainable tourism.
Tourists can choose sustainable tourism by paying slightly higher fees, which encourages conservation. Operators influence consumer choices and work with suppliers and destinations to further sustainability. They provide information to tourists and limit impacts.
Local communities are directly involved through jobs, services, and partnerships with operators. They share economic and cultural benefits, and regulate visiting areas to protect resources and promote sustainable development. All parties aim to respect cultures and environments while achieving economic goals.
This document provides definitions and concepts related to tourism. It discusses what tourism is, different types of tourists and forms of tourism. Some key points:
1. Tourism can be defined as activities, processes and outcomes from the interactions between tourists, suppliers, governments and communities involved in attracting and hosting visitors.
2. There are various perspectives on tourism - from the tourist seeking experiences, businesses providing goods/services, governments seeking economic benefits, and host communities.
3. Types of tourism discussed include religious, historical, cultural, adventure, sports, medical, eco, rural, culinary and more.
4. Elements that define a tourist destination are discussed, as well as a model of the tourism system
This chapter introduces tourism by defining it, describing its components and management, and discussing its benefits and costs. Tourism is defined as travel for leisure, business, or other purposes. It has four perspectives - the tourist, businesses, government, and host community. Tourism includes sectors like transportation, accommodations, attractions and events. It provides economic benefits like jobs, income, and infrastructure, but also social and environmental costs like pollution, crime, and overcrowding.
Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries. It is influenced by factors such as increasing incomes, more leisure time, and lower travel costs. The internet has also fueled tourism growth by enabling online booking and providing information to help travelers make informed plans. Tourism involves both traveling for pleasure and the businesses that provide tours and services. It is defined as travel for leisure or business purposes that does not result in permanent residence. Tourism brings economic benefits but also requires management and coordination between various stakeholders to reconcile tourist and resident needs.
MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY.pptxMyraRetuerma1
1. The document discusses the micro perspective of tourism and hospitality, including defining key terms, outlining the relationship between tourism and hospitality industries, and explaining the importance of tourism and hospitality.
2. It describes tourism and hospitality as one of the world's largest and fastest-growing industries, made up of interrelated components like food/beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel.
3. The industries are explained as significant to global economic development and bringing economic, social, cultural, and educational benefits worldwide.
The document discusses the key components that make up a tourism product. It states that a tourism product includes all the facilities, services, and experiences available to tourists at a destination. This includes transportation, accommodation, attractions, infrastructure, activities, natural resources, culture and history, and the hospitality of local residents. A successful tourism product caters to the needs and wants of tourists and combines both the natural and man-made features of a place.
- Tourism is one of the world's most rapidly growing industries due to higher incomes, more leisure time, and lower travel costs. The internet has also fueled growth by enabling online booking and information searching.
- Tourism involves both travel for pleasure and the businesses that provide tours and services. A tourist is defined as someone who travels outside their usual environment for less than a year for non-work purposes.
- Tourism is distinguished from travel as it includes both the journey and activities at the destination, takes place outside of work and home, and is temporary in nature rather than permanent relocation.
Tourism is one of the world's fastest growing industries due to higher incomes, more leisure time, and lower travel costs. The internet has further fueled tourism growth by enabling online booking and allowing people to research destinations from home. This document discusses tourism from various perspectives including geographical, sociological, historical, managerial, and economic. It defines tourism as temporary travel for leisure or business purposes outside one's normal environment. Tourism is a broader concept than travel, as it includes both the journey and activities at the destination, for pleasure rather than employment reasons.
This document discusses tourism theory and practice. It defines tourism as travel for leisure, business or other purposes outside of one's usual environment for less than a year. Tourism involves transportation, accommodations, food, attractions and other hospitality services. The document examines definitions of tourism from various authors and organizations. It also explores the key dimensions of tourism including attractions, facilities, transportation and hospitality.
Victora Accessible Tourism Plan 2007 2010Scott Rains
The Victorian Accessible Tourism Plan 2007-2010 sets strategic directions for the tourism industry to cater to all potential customers, including those with disabilities. It acknowledges that people with disabilities comprise 20% of the population but only 10% of tourists, representing an untapped market opportunity. The plan aims to address barriers to travel such as lack of accessible information, gaps in accessible tourism products, and operator knowledge. It outlines goals of raising awareness, accurately identifying and marketing accessible options, and seeking feedback to continually improve accessibility and customer service. While a fully accessible tourism sector is a long-term goal, increasing awareness among industry is an important initial step.
INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM - SANSKRITI UNIVERISTY IRFAN BASHIR
Tourism is defined as travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. It is a complex, multi-sector industry that is a major economic driver for many countries. While tourism brings benefits like job creation and increased income, it also introduces costs such as environmental degradation, increased crime, and cultural impacts on host communities. Effective tourism management requires understanding the interrelated components of the industry including tourists, host communities, infrastructure and operating sectors.
This document discusses the key components of tourism geography, including the three main geographical components of the tourism system: places of origin (tourist-generating areas), tourist destinations (receiving areas), and the routes traveled between them. It also examines push and pull factors that influence tourist flows, and different methods used to measure and study tourist movements and trends, including by volume, characteristics, and expenditures. Different forms of tourism are classified by destination, market, and distance traveled.
This document provides an introduction to tourism, including definitions, components, and costs and benefits. It defines tourism from the perspectives of tourists, businesses, governments, and host communities. Tourism is defined by the UNWTO as activities of people traveling outside their usual environment for less than a year. It discusses different types of tourism (international, domestic, etc.) and classifications of visitors. The key components of tourism include tourists, the environment, infrastructure, and the various sectors of the industry. Benefits include jobs, income, and infrastructure, while costs include environmental and social impacts.
This document discusses ethics in tourism and ethical tourism. It provides definitions of ethical tourism as tourism that benefits local people and environments. It discusses the role of consumers in choosing more sustainable tourism options and outlines characteristics of sustainable tourism such as economic prosperity, social equality, and environmental protection. It discusses related concepts like responsible tourism, green tourism, and ecotourism. Finally, it discusses ethical theories and issues related to sustainable tourism development and management.
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
Similar to Chapter 3 Planning Methods (Tourism Planning and Development) (20)
The document discusses various international aviation organizations and agreements:
- The International Air Transport Association (IATA) coordinates airline activity and sets industry standards.
- The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) fosters planning and development of international air transport to ensure safety.
- The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulates civil aviation in the United States.
- Bilateral air transport agreements allow commercial air services between two nations.
- The Chicago and Warsaw Conventions established rules regarding international air travel and liability.
The document discusses various topics related to the airline industry including:
- Types of jobs available in the airline industry such as flight attendants, administrative support, operations agents, and avionics technicians.
- Key functions of airlines such as planning, scheduling, revenue management, and irregular operations management.
- The Official Airline Guide (OAG) which was founded in 1929 and provides global travel data and flight information.
The document defines different types of journeys including one-way, roundtrip, circle trip, round the world, and open jaw. It also explains concepts like routing types, fare calculations for one-way journeys, and the use of backhaul checks when an indirect routing has a higher fare to an intermediate point than the direct routing to the destination. Key terms for air travel are also defined.
The document discusses responsible tourism and entertainment parks. It defines responsible tourism as tourism that respects the environment, community, and culture of destinations. Examples of responsible tourism practices are provided, such as choosing eco-friendly accommodations and supporting local businesses. The importance of responsible tourism is explained as enhancing community well-being without harming the environment. Key principles of responsible tourism outlined are minimizing impacts and involving local communities. Entertainment parks are defined and examples given as national parks, amusement parks, and theme parks. Duties, requirements, skills, and personal traits of park workers are then listed.
An online travel agency (OTA) is a website that allows travelers to research and book flights, accommodations, tours, and other travel services directly from suppliers. OTAs act as a third-party selling these services on behalf of companies for a commission. The global OTA market is projected to grow significantly, reaching $900 billion by 2032. Common OTA functions include air ticketing, accommodation booking, tour packages, visa services, insurance, and transportation. Popular OTAs include Airbnb, Booking.com, Expedia, and TripAdvisor. OTAs generally operate on a merchant or agency model to facilitate bookings and payments between travelers and suppliers.
Customer Services, Behavioral Approach and Responsibilities of a Travel Agenc...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Customer Services, Behavioral Approach and Responsibilities of a Travel Agency Staff...
Md Shaifullar Rabbi
Assistant Manager, Customer Support and Training Department , Sabre Travel Network Bangladesh Limited
This document provides an overview of basic air ticketing and IATA geography. It begins by introducing the airline industry and different types of travel agencies in Bangladesh. It then discusses IATA's division of the world into three traffic conference areas and their subareas for standardization and fare calculation. The document also covers journey concepts, classes of service, and key IATA terminologies used in the airline industry.
A global distribution system (GDS) is a computerized network system owned or operated by a company that enables transactions between travel industry service providers, mainly airlines, hotels, car rental companies, and travel agencies.
GDS Sabre Red 360 Quick Reference for Basic Learner (Air Ticketing & Reserv...Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This document provides a quick reference guide for basic learners on air ticketing and reservations using Sabre Red 360. It was created by Md Shaifullar Rabbi, Assistant Manager of Customer Support and Training at Sabre Bangladesh. The document aims to help basic learners understand the fundamentals of air ticketing and reservations on the Sabre Red 360 system.
Training on Ticketing and Reservation(GDS-Sabre)-RTO/RPL-NTVQF Level 2(BTEB)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
This presentation is prepared for the student of Ticketing and Reservation, NTVQF Level 2, Bangladesh Technical Education Board.
Prepared By Md Shaifullar Rabbi, Assistant Manager, Customer support and Training Department, Sabre Bangladesh & Assessor- Bangladesh Technical Education Board.
Sabre Global Distribution System, owned by Sabre Corporation, is a travel reservation system used by travel agents and companies to search, price, book, and ticket travel services provided by airlines, hotels, car rental companies, rail providers and tour operators. Originally developed by American Airlines with the assistance of IBM in 1960, the booking service became available for use by external travel agents in 1976 and became independent of the airline in March 2000.
The system's parent company is organized into three business units:
Sabre Travel Network: global distribution system
Sabre Airline Solutions: airline technology
Sabre Hospitality Solutions: hotel technology solutions
The document provides an overview of the travel and tourism industry including:
- Defining key terms like travel, tourism, travel agencies, and tour operators.
- Outlining the history and growth of tourism as an industry from the 17th century grand tours to modern mass tourism.
- Describing sectors within the industry like transportation, accommodation, food and beverage, and entertainment.
- Tracing the development of travel agencies and tour operators from the 18th century to their roles today organizing travel packages.
A travel document is an identity document issued by a government or international treaty organization to facilitate the movement of individuals or small groups of people across international boundaries
An itinerary is a plan of a journey showing the route and the places that the visitor will visit. Thus, it is a schedule or timetable produced in association with a package tour. It is basically designed to identify the route, day-by-day journey format, origin, destination, and all the enroute halting points, period of halts along with accommodation, mode of travel, activities and other services offered during a visitor’s tour.
A travel or tour brochure is a promotional material that advertises a destination, sightseeing attraction, or tour activity. Brochures can both inspire tourists to plan a trip as well as educate them about sights to see and things to do after they've arrived at their place of interest.
Sabre is a leading software and technology company that powers the global travel industry. With decades of revolutionary firsts, our team of experts drive innovation and ingenuity across the travel ecosystem. Sabre partners with airlines, hoteliers, agencies and other travel partners to retail, distribute and fulfill travel.
Our technology is the intelligence behind mobile apps, airport check-in kiosks, online travel sites, airline and hotel reservation networks, travel agent terminals, and scores of other travel solutions. Positioned at the center of the travel ecosystem, our platform enables our customers to connect people with experiences that matter in their lives.
Dating back to 1960, Sabre was born out of a joint initiative between American Airlines and IBM to create the world’s first computerized airline reservation system. We have since evolved into a technology ecosystem that touches almost every stage of a traveler’s experience. (Source-https://www.sabre.com/about/)
বাংলাদেশ পর্যটন করপোরেশন (বাপক) ১৯৭২ সালে মহামান্য রাষ্ট্রপতির ১৪৩ নং আদেশের মাধ্যমে প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয় এবং ১৯৭৩ সালে এর কার্যক্রম শুরুকরে। এটি বেসরকারী বিমান পরিবহন ও পর্যটন মন্ত্রণালয়ের অধীনে একটি স্বায়ত্বশাসিত প্রতিষ্ঠান।
The Tour Operators Association of Bangladesh (TOAB) was formed in 1992 by tourism agencies to overcome problems in the industry and promote tourism in Bangladesh internationally. It was recognized by the Bangladeshi government in 2002 and currently has 751 members. TOAB works to encourage domestic and foreign tourism by promoting Bangladesh's attractions at international trade shows and other events. It also supports the government's tourism ministry and organizations through collaboration and policy consultation.
বাংলাদেশ একটি বৈচিত্র্যপূর্ণ পর্যটন সম্ভাবনাময় দেশ। বর্তমান বিশ্বে পর্যটন শিল্প একক বৃহত্তম অর্থনৈতিক কর্মকান্ড হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠা লাভ করেছে। পাশাপাশি এই শিল্পটি তার বহুমাত্রিক বৈশিষ্ঠ্যতার কারণে বিভিন্ন দেশে অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের সাথে সাথে ব্যাপক কর্মসংস্থানের সুযোগ সৃষ্টি করেছে। অফুরন্ত প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যমন্ডিত বাংলাদেশে পর্যটন শিল্প খুবই সম্ভাবনাময়। পৃথিবীর যে কোন পর্যটককে আকৃষ্ট করার মত সকল পর্যটন আকর্ষণীয় উপাদান বাংলাদেশে বিদ্যমান। অপার সম্ভাবনাময় বাংলাদেশের পর্যটন শিল্পকে বিশ্বব্যাপী প্রচারের উদ্দেশ্যে এবং আমাদের এই সোনার বাংলাকে বিশ্ব দরবারে একটি ‘পর্যটন গন্তব্য’ হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠা করার লক্ষ্যে গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকারের মাননীয় প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনা’র নেতৃত্বে বর্তমান গণতান্ত্রিক সরকার পর্যটন আইন-২০১০-এর মাধ্যমে ২০১০ সালের সেপ্টেম্বর মাসে জাতীয় পর্যটন সংস্থা হিসেবে বাংলাদেশ ট্যুরিজম বোর্ড (বিটিবি) গঠন করেছে। পর্যটন শিল্পের উন্নয়ন এবং দেশের অর্থনীতিতে পর্যটন শিল্পের ক্রমবর্ধমান অবদানকে আরও শক্তিশালী করণ, সর্বোপরি বর্হি:বিশ্বে দেশের ভাবমুর্তি উন্নয়নের জন্য অন্যান্য দেশের ন্যায় জাতীয় পর্যটন সংস্থা (National Tourism Organization) বাংলাদেশ ট্যুরিজম বোর্ড প্রতিষ্ঠার পর থেকেই ব্যাপক প্রচার ও বিপণনের লক্ষ্যে নিরলস কাজ করে যাচ্ছে। Source- http://www.tourismboard.gov.bd/site/page/039c81b0-e8d4-4627-8f3e-f6c4a711b7e7/-
Success is often not achievable without facing and overcoming obstacles along the way. To reach our goals and achieve success, it is important to understand and resolve the obstacles that come in our way.
In this article, we will discuss the various obstacles that hinder success, strategies to overcome them, and examples of individuals who have successfully surmounted their obstacles.
A Guide to a Winning Interview June 2024Bruce Bennett
This webinar is an in-depth review of the interview process. Preparation is a key element to acing an interview. Learn the best approaches from the initial phone screen to the face-to-face meeting with the hiring manager. You will hear great answers to several standard questions, including the dreaded “Tell Me About Yourself”.
Joyce M Sullivan, Founder & CEO of SocMediaFin, Inc. shares her "Five Questions - The Story of You", "Reflections - What Matters to You?" and "The Three Circle Exercise" to guide those evaluating what their next move may be in their careers.
Learnings from Successful Jobs SearchersBruce Bennett
Are you interested to know what actions help in a job search? This webinar is the summary of several individuals who discussed their job search journey for others to follow. You will learn there are common actions that helped them succeed in their quest for gainful employment.
We recently hosted the much-anticipated Community Skill Builders Workshop during our June online meeting. This event was a culmination of six months of listening to your feedback and crafting solutions to better support your PMI journey. Here’s a look back at what happened and the exciting developments that emerged from our collaborative efforts.
A Gathering of Minds
We were thrilled to see a diverse group of attendees, including local certified PMI trainers and both new and experienced members eager to contribute their perspectives. The workshop was structured into three dynamic discussion sessions, each led by our dedicated membership advocates.
Key Takeaways and Future Directions
The insights and feedback gathered from these discussions were invaluable. Here are some of the key takeaways and the steps we are taking to address them:
• Enhanced Resource Accessibility: We are working on a new, user-friendly resource page that will make it easier for members to access training materials and real-world application guides.
• Structured Mentorship Program: Plans are underway to launch a mentorship program that will connect members with experienced professionals for guidance and support.
• Increased Networking Opportunities: Expect to see more frequent and varied networking events, both virtual and in-person, to help you build connections and foster a sense of community.
Moving Forward
We are committed to turning your feedback into actionable solutions that enhance your PMI journey. This workshop was just the beginning. By actively participating and sharing your experiences, you have helped shape the future of our Chapter’s offerings.
Thank you to everyone who attended and contributed to the success of the Community Skill Builders Workshop. Your engagement and enthusiasm are what make our Chapter strong and vibrant. Stay tuned for updates on the new initiatives and opportunities to get involved. Together, we are building a community that supports and empowers each other on our PMI journeys.
Stay connected, stay engaged, and let’s continue to grow together!
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For more, visit pmissc.org.
Leadership Ambassador club Adventist modulekakomaeric00
Aims to equip people who aspire to become leaders with good qualities,and with Christian values and morals as per Biblical teachings.The you who aspire to be leaders should first read and understand what the ambassador module for leadership says about leadership and marry that to what the bible says.Christians sh
In the intricate tapestry of life, connections serve as the vibrant threads that weave together opportunities, experiences, and growth. Whether in personal or professional spheres, the ability to forge meaningful connections opens doors to a multitude of possibilities, propelling individuals toward success and fulfillment.
Eirini is an HR professional with strong passion for technology and semiconductors industry in particular. She started her career as a software recruiter in 2012, and developed an interest for business development, talent enablement and innovation which later got her setting up the concept of Software Community Management in ASML, and to Developer Relations today. She holds a bachelor degree in Lifelong Learning and an MBA specialised in Strategic Human Resources Management. She is a world citizen, having grown up in Greece, she studied and kickstarted her career in The Netherlands and can currently be found in Santa Clara, CA.
2. Md. Shaifullar Rabbi
BBA & MBA, Major inTourism & Hospitality Management
University of Dhaka
Coordinator & Lecturer
Dept. of Tourism & Hospitality Management
Daffodil Institute of IT
-NU
Presented By
3. Standard of Provision
A term for the provisions mandated by state law that
appear in all policies issued in that state. This term
can also be used to refer to the provisions the NAIC
requires in all group life contracts.
A provision can be a liability of uncertain timing or
amount. A liability, in turn, is a present obligation of
the entity arising from past events, the settlement of
which is expected to result in an outflow from the
entity of resources embodying economic benefits.
Though it is often thought to be, a provision should not
be considered to be a form of savings. Examples are;
income tax liability, product warranty, environment
restoration, etc.
4. A provision shall be recognized if the
following criteria are fulfilled:
An entity has a present obligation as a result of a past event
It is probable that an outflow of 1st embodying economic
benefits will be required to settle the obligation
A reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the
obligation
A specific current statement, the entity will accept certain
responsibilities and other parties have valid expectations that
the entity will discharge its responsibilities.
No provision, however, is recognized for costs that need to be
incurred to operate in the future. Also, an obligation always
involves another party to whom the obligation is owed (even if
this party is unknown).
5. Tourism Provision
Services in the tourism sector within the
meaning of this Act are: the provision of
services of a tourist agency, tourist guide,
tourist escort, entertainment organizer,
agency representative, tourism services in
nautical tourism, tourism services on rural
farms or family agricultural farms, tourism
services in other forms of the tourism offer
and other services provided to tourists in
connection with their travel and stay.
6. (1) Services in the tourism sector may be provided by companies,
cooperatives, sole traders and traders/craftsmen who meet the conditions
for the provision of services in the tourism sector laid down in this Act and
regulations adopted pursuant to this Act, unless otherwise provided by this
Act and the special regulations.
(2) Under the conditions laid down in this Act and regulations adopted
pursuant to this Act, services in the tourism sector may also be provided by
public institutions in charge of administering protected areas of nature for
the purposes of the areas they administer.
(3) Under the conditions laid down in this Act and regulations adopted
pursuant to this Act, certain services in the health tourism sector may be
provided by special hospitals and health resorts.
(4) Under the conditions laid down in this Act and regulations adopted
pursuant to this Act, certain services in the tourism sector may also be
provided by cultural institutions.
(5) Under the conditions laid down in this Act, certain services in the
tourism sector may be provided by associations, schools and other
educational institutions.
(6) Under the conditions laid down in this Act and regulations adopted
pursuant to this Act, certain services in the tourism sector may also be
provided by natural persons who are not registered as traders/craftsmen or
sole traders for the performance of such services.
7. Individual terms used in this Act
have the following meanings: -
Tourist agency means a company, sole trader, trader/craftsman or their organizational
unit, providing the service of organizing trips or providing agency services connected
with the trip or stay of tourists.
- Traveler means any person receiving a specific tourism service for whose account
and/or on whose behalf the tourism service is obtained or any person to whom the
right of use of the tourism service is transferred.
- Package tour (lump sum trip) means a pre-determined combination of at least two
individual services consisting of transport, accommodation or other tourism and
hospitality and catering services that make a whole, and which are provided over a
period longer than 24 hours or include at least one overnight stay, and are sold at a
lump sum price.
- Excursion means a pre-determined combination of at least two individual services
consisting of transport or other tourism and hospitality services, which last less than
24 hours and do not include an overnight stay.
- Tourist site (locality) means the area, space or facility where there are natural,
cultural, historical, traditional and other values, and where the services of tourist
guiding may be provided only by an authorized tourist guide
8. Tourist agencies may provide the following services:
organization of package tours, the conclusion and implementation of
contracts on package tours, the organization of excursions, the conclusion
and implementation of contracts on excursions,
Organization of congresses,
Mediation in the conclusion of contracts on organized trips (package
tours and excursions),
Mediation connected with hospitality and catering services (the sale and
reservation of accommodation and other hospitality and catering
services),
Mediation connected with transport services (the sale of tickets and
reservations for all means of transport),
Organization of accommodation and transfer of travelers,
Mediation in the performance of services in special forms of the tourism
and hospitality and catering offer,
9. Organization and mediation in the performance of the services of tourist guides,
tourist guides
escorts and the services of operating sailors' vessels (skippers),
Representation of domestic and foreign travel agencies,
Provision of tourism-related notices and advertising materials,
Mediation in the conclusion of contracts on the insurance of travelers and
luggage,4
assistance in obtaining travel documents, visas and other documents necessary
for crossing the border and staying abroad, documents for hunting, fishing,
diving, sailing and other documents necessary for organizing and carrying out
various forms of the tourism offer,
Reservations, purchase and sale of tickets for all types of events, museums and
the like, and the sale of goods connected with the trip (various travel necessities,
souvenirs,tourism publications and the like),
organization and provision of services in connection with card and travelers’
checks operations, and the provision of exchange services in accordance with
special regulations,
10. The Advantages of Tourism Provision
Economic- It brings in money. This is probably the main advantage of tourism and
the reason why it has been promoted so much, especially in developing countries.
The income generated can make up a significant proportion of both private, local,
and national incomes.
Opportunistic- It provides jobs. Hotels, bars, transport, activities, shops, and
restaurants all need staffing. Tourism can provide much-needed employment for
people.
Infrastructural- It provides a means and an incentive for investment in
infrastructure such as roads, rail networks,and local medical and education facilities.
Environmental- It can provide economic incentives for a place to preserve,
maintain,and regenerate the environment in both urban and rural settings.
Cross-Cultural- It promotes international connections which can bring more
business and cultural collaborations in the long term. It also promotes cross-cultural
awareness for both locals and tourist and builds bridges of understanding between
cultures.
Promotional- It "puts a place on the map": Tourism gives the locality a chance to
show itself off and raise its profile in the world.
11. The Disadvantages of Tourism provision
Environmental- Tourism can often cause environmental damage with risks like erosion, pollution, the loss of
natural habitats, and forest fires. Even if tourists behave responsibly, the sheer number of them can cause
damage. Ancient buildings, monuments, and temples often struggle to cope with increased traffic and suffer
inevitable wear-and-tear.Reefs and other natural tourist attractions can suffer permanent damage.
Cultural- The commercialization of culture can undermine the soul of a tourist destination. Local traditions that
have a rich cultural heritage are reduced to wearing costumes and putting on acts for the tourists in return for
money.
Culture Clashes- Tourists often lack respect for local traditions and culture, refuse to follow local dress
standards,get drunk in public,or behave rudely or inappropriately towards locals.
Service Economy- Although jobs are created by tourism, most are relatively low-level such as bar work, hotel
service, restaurant serving, and so forth. These low-wage, low-skill workers have little prospect for advancement
or promotion.
Seasonal Fluctuations- Tourism jobs are quite commonly seasonal and insecure, with no extra benefits such as
pensions, sick pay, or healthcare. Some areas can be inundated with visitors during busy times, and then virtually
deserted for many months.
Imbalanced Funding- Money can end up being directed to tourist areas when it could be used more effectively
elsewhere in a country.The locals who don’t live in specific tourist areas miss out and suffer relative decline.
Foreign Poaching- Oftentimes, most of the tourism industry in a developing country is owned by big foreign
companies.They make the major profits,leaving local businesses with relatively little benefit.
Tourism Dependence- Sometimes, tourism becomes so focal that other forms of income-generation are
neglected and an economic dependence on tourism forms. This is fine in good times, but it can leave the country
vulnerable to economic ruin in the long run and can contribute to political upheaval or natural disasters.
12. Economic Pros and Cons of Tourism
Benefits Detriments
Tourism-generated income can be
hugely beneficial both private and
public concerns.
Money can end up being spent only
on touristic areas while other places
and industries suffer.
It can provide employment
opportunities for people who can
work in tourism-related industries.
Most tourism jobs are relatively low-
level and low-skilled, and these jobs
may have drastic seasonal fluctuations.
Tourism promotes international
connections which can increase
business opportunities.
Attracted by opportunity, foreign
companies begin poaching business
away from local businesses.
The area may become dependent on
tourists' dollars and risk loss and
damage as a result.
13. Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism
Although tourist money might be put to good use in preserving environments, tourism does put burdens on natural
resources and often promotes overconsumption and unfair allocations of resources in places where resources are
already limited. When tourism becomes unsustainable, it can permanently damage the environment. Tourism
impacts the wildlife,vegetation, air quality,the quality and supply of water,and natural phenomena.
Pollution- When huge numbers of people visit, they invariably burden the transportation system and contribute
to pollution—locally and globally. Flying one mile in a plane produces about 53 pounds of carbon dioxide, and
tourists account for almost 60% of air travel. Some estimate that cruise ships to the Caribbean create over 70,000
tons of annual waste.
Environmental Damage- Many tourist activities have negative ecological impacts. Snorkeling, hiking, and
fishing all affect and deplete the local scenery. There's a trail in the Himalayas that's nicknamed the "toilet paper
trail.” A tropical golf course requires the amount of water that would feed 60,000 locals... plus over 3,000 pounds
of chemical pesticides,fertilizers,and herbicides per annum.
Ecotourism- Oftentimes, even environmentally savvy travelers have a negative impact. By traveling to witness
remote natural sites like rainforests and other dwindling and at-risk spots, tourist often damage the things they
came to see.
Invasive Organisms- Tourism can spread non-native species. The increased human presence from many
diverse geographical regions has a detrimental affect on native plants and introduces non-native species in
these areas.
Negative Effects of Human Interaction with Wildlife- Increased human presence can severely damage the
delicate balance of the food webs, ecological communities,and keystone species of an area.
Depletion of Natural Resources- Tourism can put pressure on natural resources and encourages over-
consumption.This is particularly damaging in spots where resources like food and water are already scarce.
14. Environmental Pros and Cons of Tourism
Benefits Detriments
If managed properly, it can provide
economic incentives for a place to
preserve, maintain, and regenerate
the local history, infrastructure,
and environment.
Tourism often causes environmental
damage to the local infrastructure and
the flora, fauna, and historical sites in
a location.
Ecotourism might promote
environmental awareness and
activism.
Tourism depletes natural resources,
which can be dangerous in areas
where resources are scarce.
Tourism contributes to pollution.
15. Natural Resource-Based Planning
Planning, when done well, is among the most
powerful tools available to communities. A solid
plan, based on good natural resource information,
guides rational land-use decisions, and allows the
community to consider innovative tools for resource
protection with fewer chances for legal challenges
to their planning authority. The plan also sends a
clear message about what the community values
and wishes to preserve, and if well crafted, results in
few surprises to developers, local officials, or
residents.
16. The Importance and Benefits of
Natural Resource-Based Planning
Natural resource-based planning is a process
that puts the community’s natural resource base
at the forefront. By identifying natural resources
at the beginning of the planning process, your
community can determine where development
is most appropriate. This way, communities can
avoid the unintended consequences of the
typical planning process, such as open space
becoming the “leftover” pieces, water resources
being degraded, and community character
being compromised.
17. Conduct a Natural Resource Inventory
After identifying the natural resources that are important to your community,
the next step is to conduct a natural resource inventory, which forms the
foundation of the natural resource-based plan. The natural resource inventory
(NRI) is a summary in map form of a municipality’s open-space lands, water
resources, natural areas, and protected corridors. From this inventory, you can
start to identify areas of your town that are suitable for development or areas
that are best preserved. This prioritization can provide the basis for your open-
space plan and comprehensive plan, which in turn can be folded into other
site- or regional-level plans.
Base map
Land use/cover
Water resources
Unique and fragile lands
Committed open space
18. The Base Map will include the 2002 aerial photography, roads, and your municipal boundary. These
initial data layers will provide a means for you to delineate the boundaries of your study area. Your study
area could be your municipal boundary, a surrounding buffer, potential growth and annexation areas, or
your local watershed boundary. The base map will orient your study area to other geographical features
such as forest cover and streams, for example, so it is important to include surrounding information.
Land Use/Cover is an important data layer that helps define the development patterns of your
community and provides areas of focus for land-use planning efforts. The land use/cover data layer in
Delaware has been created from the aerial photography mentioned above for the years 1992, 1997, and
2002, depicting what is on the ground. An example of what would be represented in the land use/cover
dataset would be residential or commercial areas, forests, wetlands, and water.
Water Resources are vital to biodiversity and the long-term environmental health of your
community. There are a number of water resource layers available from the Delaware Geological Survey
(DGS) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as well as DNREC. Watershed boundaries are one of
them. The watershed is the area that drains into a particular water body. Watershed boundaries can be
created at several scales.
Unique and Fragile Lands delineate areas in your community that provide habitat for unique plants
and animals. DNREC’s Division of Fish and Wildlife has identified these sensitive habitats where species
are listed as threatened, endangered, or of special concern. The identification of the most unique and
fragile lands in your town will help you with the prioritization of lands during the open-space planning
process.This prioritized list will help to focus the lands targeted for open-space acquisition.
Committed Open Space is land that is protected from development by public and private ownership
or easements. The committed open-space information from DNREC gives the state, municipal, and private
lands. This is another data layer that can benefit from the input of local experts, particularly from your local
land trust. Knowing where the committed open space is in your community is key in planning for future
recreation and open-space needs.
19. Market Share Method
The Market Share Method is yet another sales
forecasting method, wherein the company first works on
the industry forecast, then applies the market share factor
and then finally arrive at the company’s forecast. Simply,
the company’s sales forecast is deduced from the data
gathered on the industry sales and from the market share
of the company.
Assessment of sales prospects without reference to
overall demand growth and a company's strengths and
weaknesses in the market place vis-a-vis competitors can
result in serious market share erosion without the
company being aware of it, especially if sales are on the
increase. The market share method arrives at a sales
forecast after reviewing marketing plans and assessing
the attainable market share.
20. The market share forecast can be carried out as follows:
Calculate the company's market share percentage in each province for the previous years and
observe the trend, i.e. whether it is maintained, declining or rising.
Determine a realistic market share for each province for the following season or year based on past
performance and the company's present relative strengths with regard to:
The company's fertilizer procurement program for the season or year under review as a percentage of
the total expected demand.
Ability to make the company's fertilizer available on time in the field with reference to the procurement
and shipment schedule.
Size and impact of the company's promotion program.
Competitiveness of the company's terms of sale, i.e. price, seasonal discounts, duration of credit, rate of
interest.
Strength of its distribution structure, i.e. ability to provide easy access to fertilizer at the village level
compared to competitors.
This assessment is preferably done by region of the country as competitors' strengths and the
company's organization may not be of uniform intensity in all areas.
Based on this assessment the previous year's market share can be modified for the forecast year
to determine a realistic, achievable market share.
21. The limitations of the market share method are:
The conversion of industry forecast to the
company specific sales forecast is quite
tedious and hence requires the expertise.
It is a complex process as the entire
business environment is scrutinized before
reaching to the final forecast.
The wrong information about the
marketing environment may result into a
wrong sales forecast.
22. Matching Resources to Market Needs
Customer needs is the buzzword of the corporate world
in today’s competitive world, a firm is better known by
the quality of products and services it provides rather
than its market share or profit-earning capacity. While
providing good and efficient products and service is a
pre-requisite for any entity, it poses several obstacles in
practical terms. Thus, to be very efficient and to
overcome the hurdles, smooth deliverance of the
activities involved during the sales cycle is highly
essential. It involves integrating information gathered
from all the distribution channels and analyzing the data
in order to understand the customer behavior. The
continuous analysis and improvements over a long
period of time would result in enhancing the customer’s
lifetime value with the firm.
23. Sales Cycle:
The process of sales cycle begins from identifying a
potential customer to implementing measures in
retaining this potential customer. There are a large
number of activities involved within the sales cycle in
matching products/services to customer needs. The
major activities involved in sales process are as follows:
1) Lead Qualification: The primary and utmost important
activity in the sales cycle is to generate the leads and
see if they are qualified. It’s a process whereby the
information about an individual is gathered through
different sources to understand if he/she qualifies as a
potential consumer or if he/she is disqualified to be of
use to the firm in current or future scenario.
24. Identifying the most potential customers:
A step by step strategic approach would help the sales or the firm in
identifying the most potential customers. Identifying customer would include:
Customer Profitability Analysis: Besides acquiring new customers, it is
vital for the firm to retain and increase the profitability of the existing ones.
Identifying the most profitable customers is the first step in the direction.
Customer Lifetime Value: Customer profitability is not the sole measure
of a customer’s value to the firm. A customer may have the potential of
buying profitable products in the future; he may also serve as an excellent
reference for more profitable customers.
Customer Value Propositions: Firms must create better customer value
propositions through better value packages, finance options and going
close to customers. They should reach a new level of service by offering
their customers the information and services they want before they even
know what they want.
25. Presentation/Marketing
Once the potential customer is identified, the next activity would be the initial sales pitch whereby
the customer is made aware of the detailed review of the product or service which is being offered
for sale.
Understanding customer’s needs and buying patterns: Another important stage of the sales cycle is to
identify the needs and buying patterns of the customers. This would help the firm in attracting new customers
and also to a certain extent retaining the existing customers. The three different factors that cater to
understanding the customer’s needs and buying patterns are as follows:
Customer Segmentation: It segregates customers who exhibit common characteristics in different
segments. These segments can be treated as distinct entities and the future interaction with them can be
tailored accordingly. Customer segmentation can save a lot of marketing effort, which would otherwise go
waste.
Attrition Analysis: It involves analysis of data captured during individual customer contacts at the various
touch points. Acquiring new customers is much more costly than retaining the existing ones.
Affinity Analysis: It is often referred to as market-basket analysis. Certain products show an affinity
towards each other, and are likely to be bought together. For instance, a man in his early thirty who buys a
life insurance policy might also be interested in a certain type of annuity.
26. Interaction with Customers
Interaction with the customers so as to meet their expectations is another important activity in the sales
cycle process.This involves:
Target Marketing: Marketing to a specific customer group is a natural outcome of customer
segmentation. Once distinct customer segments are identified, business intelligence tools are used by
firms to study the products likely to be bought by that specific segment.
Campaign Analysis: It is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of a marketing or promotion campaign.
The effects of a particular campaign on sales of the promoted product could be tracked using various
tools. Often the surge in sales of the promoted product can result in decrease in sales of the other related
products.
Cross-selling: It is a major source of revenue for most of the companies. For effective cross selling the
firm can leverage the data – housed in the data warehouse – to quickly zero down on the new product that
would be required by its existing customers”.
Customer Response Analysis: It helps them in gaining a better understanding of their customer needs
so as to recognize customer preferences and buying patterns that allow them to build individual customer
solutions across all of their business channels and divisions, as well as to cross-sell and up-sell.
27. Closing the Sale
Once the presentation is completed, it gets mandatory for
the sales person to gain the knowledge of what is in the
customers mind. Thus, he/ she should ask the customer
about the next steps. If the consumer is positive on
proceeding i.e., if the consumer agrees to buy the product
or service than the sales person needs to proceed on
closing the sales. Closing the sale is a sensitive activity as
this is the time when the sales rep would get a clear picture
if his efforts had been fruitful or no. Thus, high level of
proactively, accuracy and negotiation skills should be used
as great weapons by the sales person. Negotiation is an
important element while closing the sales. It is the process
whereby the sales rep and the consumer discuss on
concessions before finalizing the deal
28. Following Up
There are a large number of instances when the sales
people terminate the sales activity as soon as the sale is
closed. However, this is not a good practice if the firm is
aiming at retaining the customers. In order to bring in
efficiency in the closure of the sales deal, it is important
for the sales person to follow up and ensure if the
products had been delivered on time or the services
are rendered effectively. Furthermore, it gets better
when the sales people keeps in touch with the customer
and get a feedback on the product and service and
understand the customer satisfaction level.
29. Strategy Formulation Process
Strategy formulation refers to the process of
choosing the most appropriate course of
action for the realization of organizational
goals and objectives and thereby achieving
the organizational vision. The process of
strategy formulation basically involves six
main steps. Though these steps do not follow
a rigid chronological order, however they are
very rational and can be easily followed in
this order.
30. Setting Organizations’ objectives - The key component of any strategy statement is to set the long-term
objectives of the organization. It is known that strategy is generally a medium for realization of
organizational objectives. Objectives stress the state of being there whereas Strategy stresses upon the
process of reaching there. Strategy includes both the fixation of objectives as well the medium to be used to
realize those objectives.
Evaluating the Organizational Environment - The next step is to evaluate the general economic and
industrial environment in which the organization operates. This includes a review of the organizations
competitive position. It is essential to conduct a qualitative and quantitative review of an organizations
existing product line.
Setting Quantitative Targets - In this step, an organization must practically fix the quantitative target values
for some of the organizational objectives. The idea behind this is to compare with long term customers, so
as to evaluate the contribution that might be made by various product zones or operating departments.
Aiming in context with the divisional plans - In this step, the contributions made by each department or
division or product category within the organization is identified and accordingly strategic planning is
done for each sub-unit.This requires a careful analysis of macroeconomic trends.
Performance Analysis - Performance analysis includes discovering and analyzing the gap between the
planned or desired performance. A critical evaluation of the organizations past performance, present
condition and the desired future conditions must be done by the organization
Choice of Strategy - This is the ultimate step in Strategy Formulation. The best course of action is actually
chosen after considering organizational goals, organizational strengths, potential and limitations as well as
the external opportunities.