3. INTRODUCTION
• Framework = a particular system or “a set of
beliefs, ideas or rules that is used as the basis
for making judgements, (or) decisions” (Oxford)
• A framework also contains the set of methods,
approaches, means and responsibilities
necessary for achieving the goals of the plan
• The framework for a national tourism strategy
can be identified in national tourism
development plans

4. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLICY AND STRATEGY
• Tourism policy = “a set of regulations,
rules, guidelines, directives, and
development/promotion objectives and
strategies that provide a framework within
which the collective and individual
decisions directly affecting long-term
tourism development and the daily
activities within a destination are taken”
(Goeldner & Ritchie, 2006)

5. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLICY AND STRATEGY (2)
• tourism policy essentially provides structure to
key areas of the tourism industry with its long-
term and sustainable growth in mind
• Policies for tourism can also provide direction in
terms of goals as to where the country wants
tourism to go in the long-term and what they
wish to achieve through tourism
• The bottom line is that tourism policy “defines
the rules of the game” (Goeldner & Ritchie,
2006)

6. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLICY AND STRATEGY (3)
• Strategy (usually follows the policy
formulation process) = a process of
devising or employing plans to achieve
a certain goal/objective
• goals need to be broken down into a
number of objectives & for each
objective, a number of strategies are
developed for achieving the objective
• See the two examples on pg51-53

7. IMPORTANCE OF POLICY
• Developing world → tourism has historically
started without proper planning or policies in
place to direct, control and regulate the industry
• Policies need to be focused and prioritised →
planning for tourism development in this regard
has also largely been neglected
• Planning = the “methods policy makers adopt to
achieve tourism development objectives” (Dieke,
2005) and is usually undertaken at national,
regional and local levels

8. IMPORTANCE OF POLICY (2)
• Policy formulation forms part and parcel of the
planning process → providing “a reference point
against which planning considerations should be
related. It provides parameters and guidelines to
facilitate future development in the tourism sector; in
essence, a policy sets out the guidelines to achieve
tourism objectives” (Dieke, 2005)
• Unplanned tourism development can lead to serious
negative implications for tourism → can lead to a
tourism industry which has no real value on
economic, social and environmental fronts and is
unsustainable

9. THE POLICY FORMULATION PROCESS
• The process of national tourism policy
formulation should include the following two
stages of government intervention:
• The development of policy goals and
objectives, and
• The formulation of strategies to implement
these objectives
• Strategy framework = planning a number of key
actions in order to effectively
implement/achieve the policy goals and
objectives

10. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN TOURISM POLICY MAKING
• There are two types of government involvement:
• Passive involvement:
• Mandatory, e.g. in legislation
• Supportive, but not specifically aimed at tourism
• Active involvement:
• Recognition of tourism as a priority by government
(support for tourism)
• Participation (managerial, for the development of tourism)
• The four subdivisions of government involvement can be
viewed as four interdependent and consecutive stages
representing the growing responsibility of government
towards tourism.