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Chapter 3
Strategies for Innovation
Strategies for Innovation
โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health
Professions
โ€ข Examples of Innovation
โ€ข Developing Innovative Strategies
Strategies for Innovation
โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health Professions
โ€“ New diseases (H1N1, HIV/AIDS)
โ€“ War and its consequences
โ€“ Sociocultural issues (Civil Rights Movement,
changes in immigration, consumerism)
โ€“ Religious issues
โ€“ Changing economics (2008/2009 recession)
โ€“ Changes in education (DNP and DPT
degrees)
Strategies for Innovation
โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health Professions
โ€“ Healthcare educators straddle the fields of
healthcare practice and education.
โ€“ What healthcare practitioners learn and
how they are taught must keep pace with
the changing times.
โ€“ Younger students are more comfortable
with computer technology than are older
students.
โ€“ Healthcare professions are more culturally
diverse than ever before.
Strategies for Innovation
โ€ข Four areas of potential innovation in health
care
โ€“ Omachonu & Einspruch (2010)
1.Product Innovation
2.Process Innovation
3.Marketing Innovation
4.Organizational Innovation
Strategies for Innovation
โ€ข Questions about Innovation in Healthcare
Education
โ€“ How do we teach more and more
information to students without
overwhelming them?
โ€“ How do we maintain the underlying
paradigm of care and compassion?
โ€“ How do students maintain a balance
between mastering the scientific
information and providing compassionate
care?
Examples of Innovation
โ€ข We remember what is different about a
classroom experience much more than we
remember what is normal.
โ€“ A public policy professor connecting class
curriculum to baseball
โ€“ A lesson plan comparing pain management
to the sinking of the Titanic (see exhibit 3-1)
โ€“ Think of your own memorable classroom
experiences as a student or as a teacher.
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข Innovation can occur at all levels of an
educational organization.
โ€ข Success is enhanced when administrators and
faculty members work together to plan and
implement changes to improve the quality of
education.
โ€ข The introduction of nurse practitioner
programs is one example of an innovation.
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข Processes need to be in place to teach how to
work with involuntary groups.
โ€“ Stages of change model
โ€“ Motivational interviewing
โ€“ Improving clientโ€™s self-motivation
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข Nursing education has grown through
innovation
โ€“ Nurse practitioner programs
โ€“ Doctor of physical therapy programs and
transitional programs for those already in
practice
โ€“ Distance learning
Change Theory
โ€ข Lewinโ€™s change theory involved three stages:
unfreezing, moving, and refreezing.
โ€ข Rogers modified Lewinโ€™s theory to include five
stages. This version is most appropriate for
long-range projects.
โ€ข Spradleyโ€™s theory is an eight-step process,
similar to what is described here. It involves
constant monitoring at each stage of the
process.
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Assessment
โ€“ Defining options
โ€“ Planning
โ€“ Gaining Support for the Innovation
โ€“ Preparing Students for the Innovation
โ€“ Preparing Faculty Members for the
Innovation
โ€“ Implementing the innovation
โ€“ Evaluating the outcome
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Assessment
โ€ข What is the content to be learned?
โ€ข What are the student learning needs?
โ€ข How are the studentsโ€™ needs being met?
โ€ข What is working?
โ€ข What is not working?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Defining Options
โ€ข How else can I look at this?
โ€ข Does the existing literature provide any
suggestions?
โ€ข Do faculty members or students have any
ideas that we can use?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Planning
โ€ข Who must we work with in order to
create the needed changes (curriculum
committees, faculty members, students)
โ€ข How should this change be approached?
โ€ข Will we need to work with technical
specialists? Do we need additional
technical knowledge?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Planning
โ€ข How can I best use change theory in this
planning?
โ€ข Who are the stakeholders?
โ€ข How and where will I meet resistance?
How will I develop support?
โ€ข How will I plan to evaluate the
effectiveness of this innovation?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Gaining Support for the Innovation
โ€ข What resources will be needed?
โ€ข How will the resources be acquired and
funded?
โ€ข What administrative support is needed?
โ€ข What strategies can I use to gain
additional support?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Preparing Students for the Innovation
โ€ข Are written instructions needed?
โ€ข If so, are the instructions clear?
โ€ข Is there a mechanism in place for
troubleshooting problems?
โ€ข Do students know how to address
problems?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Preparing Faculty Members for the
Innovation
โ€ข Do faculty members need additional
education?
โ€ข How will faculty members be
educated/trained?
โ€ข Does everyone agree on how the strategy
will be run?
โ€ข Do we need rehearsal time?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Implementing the Innovation
โ€ข How much flexibility do we need if the
intervention is not going well?
โ€ข Will follow-up be needed?
Developing Innovative
Strategies
โ€ข The Process of Innovation
โ€“ Evaluating the Outcome
โ€ข How will I measure the learning
outcome?
โ€ข How have students reacted to the
strategy?
โ€ข Can students provide input for
change/improvement?
โ€ข If faculty are involved, can they agree on
any needed changes?
Conclusion
โ€ข Innovative teaching strategies must be based
on learning objectives and student learning
needs.
โ€ข Diversity in student learning needs will mean
that some students will benefit from
innovative learning approaches while others
will not.
โ€ข Sharing innovative strategies with others will
benefit students and faculty alike.

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Chapter 3

  • 2. Strategies for Innovation โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health Professions โ€ข Examples of Innovation โ€ข Developing Innovative Strategies
  • 3. Strategies for Innovation โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health Professions โ€“ New diseases (H1N1, HIV/AIDS) โ€“ War and its consequences โ€“ Sociocultural issues (Civil Rights Movement, changes in immigration, consumerism) โ€“ Religious issues โ€“ Changing economics (2008/2009 recession) โ€“ Changes in education (DNP and DPT degrees)
  • 4. Strategies for Innovation โ€ข Influencing Factors on Health Professions โ€“ Healthcare educators straddle the fields of healthcare practice and education. โ€“ What healthcare practitioners learn and how they are taught must keep pace with the changing times. โ€“ Younger students are more comfortable with computer technology than are older students. โ€“ Healthcare professions are more culturally diverse than ever before.
  • 5. Strategies for Innovation โ€ข Four areas of potential innovation in health care โ€“ Omachonu & Einspruch (2010) 1.Product Innovation 2.Process Innovation 3.Marketing Innovation 4.Organizational Innovation
  • 6. Strategies for Innovation โ€ข Questions about Innovation in Healthcare Education โ€“ How do we teach more and more information to students without overwhelming them? โ€“ How do we maintain the underlying paradigm of care and compassion? โ€“ How do students maintain a balance between mastering the scientific information and providing compassionate care?
  • 7. Examples of Innovation โ€ข We remember what is different about a classroom experience much more than we remember what is normal. โ€“ A public policy professor connecting class curriculum to baseball โ€“ A lesson plan comparing pain management to the sinking of the Titanic (see exhibit 3-1) โ€“ Think of your own memorable classroom experiences as a student or as a teacher.
  • 8. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข Innovation can occur at all levels of an educational organization. โ€ข Success is enhanced when administrators and faculty members work together to plan and implement changes to improve the quality of education. โ€ข The introduction of nurse practitioner programs is one example of an innovation.
  • 9. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข Processes need to be in place to teach how to work with involuntary groups. โ€“ Stages of change model โ€“ Motivational interviewing โ€“ Improving clientโ€™s self-motivation
  • 10. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข Nursing education has grown through innovation โ€“ Nurse practitioner programs โ€“ Doctor of physical therapy programs and transitional programs for those already in practice โ€“ Distance learning
  • 11. Change Theory โ€ข Lewinโ€™s change theory involved three stages: unfreezing, moving, and refreezing. โ€ข Rogers modified Lewinโ€™s theory to include five stages. This version is most appropriate for long-range projects. โ€ข Spradleyโ€™s theory is an eight-step process, similar to what is described here. It involves constant monitoring at each stage of the process.
  • 12. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Assessment โ€“ Defining options โ€“ Planning โ€“ Gaining Support for the Innovation โ€“ Preparing Students for the Innovation โ€“ Preparing Faculty Members for the Innovation โ€“ Implementing the innovation โ€“ Evaluating the outcome
  • 13. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Assessment โ€ข What is the content to be learned? โ€ข What are the student learning needs? โ€ข How are the studentsโ€™ needs being met? โ€ข What is working? โ€ข What is not working?
  • 14. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Defining Options โ€ข How else can I look at this? โ€ข Does the existing literature provide any suggestions? โ€ข Do faculty members or students have any ideas that we can use?
  • 15. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Planning โ€ข Who must we work with in order to create the needed changes (curriculum committees, faculty members, students) โ€ข How should this change be approached? โ€ข Will we need to work with technical specialists? Do we need additional technical knowledge?
  • 16. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Planning โ€ข How can I best use change theory in this planning? โ€ข Who are the stakeholders? โ€ข How and where will I meet resistance? How will I develop support? โ€ข How will I plan to evaluate the effectiveness of this innovation?
  • 17. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Gaining Support for the Innovation โ€ข What resources will be needed? โ€ข How will the resources be acquired and funded? โ€ข What administrative support is needed? โ€ข What strategies can I use to gain additional support?
  • 18. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Preparing Students for the Innovation โ€ข Are written instructions needed? โ€ข If so, are the instructions clear? โ€ข Is there a mechanism in place for troubleshooting problems? โ€ข Do students know how to address problems?
  • 19. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Preparing Faculty Members for the Innovation โ€ข Do faculty members need additional education? โ€ข How will faculty members be educated/trained? โ€ข Does everyone agree on how the strategy will be run? โ€ข Do we need rehearsal time?
  • 20. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Implementing the Innovation โ€ข How much flexibility do we need if the intervention is not going well? โ€ข Will follow-up be needed?
  • 21. Developing Innovative Strategies โ€ข The Process of Innovation โ€“ Evaluating the Outcome โ€ข How will I measure the learning outcome? โ€ข How have students reacted to the strategy? โ€ข Can students provide input for change/improvement? โ€ข If faculty are involved, can they agree on any needed changes?
  • 22. Conclusion โ€ข Innovative teaching strategies must be based on learning objectives and student learning needs. โ€ข Diversity in student learning needs will mean that some students will benefit from innovative learning approaches while others will not. โ€ข Sharing innovative strategies with others will benefit students and faculty alike.

Editor's Notes

  1. Change theory isnโ€™t really discussed in the article in this way, but I think this information will be useful to students.