This document provides an outline and learning objectives for a chapter on spelling. It will teach the reader to distinguish vowels from consonants, apply basic spelling rules to determine correct word endings and variations, and recognize whether terms should be spelled as one or two words. The chapter covers topics like doubling consonants, dropping final e's, changing y to i, and lists commonly misspelled words.

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2. CHAPTER 28: SPELLING
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3. CHAPTER OUTLINE AND LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this chapter, you will learn to:
 distinguish between vowels and consonants,
 apply basic spelling rules to determine proper word
endings and variations,
 recognize when a one- or two-word spelling applies
to certain terms.
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4. VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
 Vowels are the letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.
 Consonants are all the other letters.
 Spelling Rule 1: Doubling a Final Consonant
 When you add an ending, double the final
consonant of a word if all three of the following
are true:
1. The word is one syllable, or the accent is on
the last syllable.
2. The word ends in a single consonant
preceded by a single vowel.
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5. VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
3. The ending you are adding starts with a
vowel.
X.. Begin = beginning
occur = occurring
stir = stirred
pin = pinning
Words that fall under these rules, but don’t get
the consonant doubled.
Fix (Find another word and email it to me for
five points.)
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6. VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
 Spelling Rule 2: Dropping the Final e
 Drop the final e before you add an ending that
starts with a vowel.
 Spelling Rule 3: Changing the Final y to i
 When a word ends in a consonant plus y, change
the y to i when you add an ending.
 Spelling Rule 4: Adding –s or –es
 Add –es instead of –s to a word if the word ends
in ch, sh, ss, x, or z.

7. VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
 Spelling Rule 5: Using ie or ei
 Use i before e, except after c, or when the sound
is like a, as in neighbor and weigh.
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8. DO YOU SPELL IT AS ONE WORD OR TWO?
 Commonly confused words like:
 a lot
 even though
 no one
 A List of Commonly Misspelled Words (p.
574)
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9. WHAT ARE VOWELS?
A. a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.
B. b, c, d, f, g, and sometimes z.
C. th, sh, wh, and ch.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10. WHAT ARE VOWELS?
A. a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.
B. b, c, d, f, g, and sometimes z.
C. th, sh, wh, and ch.
distinguish between vowels and consonants,
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11. WHICH SPELLING RULE APPLIES TO THE
WORD LISTED BELOW ?
shopper
A. doubling a final consonant
B. dropping the final e
C. changing the final y to i
D. adding –s or -es
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12. WHICH SPELLING RULE APPLIES TO THE
WORD LISTED BELOW ?
shopper
A. doubling a final consonant
B. dropping the final e
C. changing the final y to i
D. adding –s or –es
apply basic spelling rules to determine proper word
endings and variations
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13. WHICH WORD IS SPELLED CORRECTLY?
A. alot
B. a lot
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14. WHICH WORD IS SPELLED CORRECTLY?
A. alot
B. a lot
recognize when a one- or two-word spelling applies
to certain terms.
Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.