1. Exercise 6A
Classification of Tissues

2. The Tissue
• Multicellular organisms made up of tissues.
• Tissues are the group of cells that are
similar in structure and function.
• Study of tissues, Histology, complements a
study of gross anatomy and provides the
structural basis for a study of organ
physiology.

3. The Tissues
• Four primary tissue types are:
–
–
–
–
Epithelial tissue (Epithelium)
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue (Muscles)

4. The Organs
• Two or many types of primary tissues are
grouped together to make organs;
heart, lungs, kidneys
• Organs perform specific body functions

5. Epithelial Tissue
• Epithelium covers
external body surface,
the organs and lines
the cavities inside
organs.
• Functions- protection,
absorption, filtration,
excretion, secretion,
and sensory reception.

6. Epithelial Tissue
• Characteristics:
–
–
–
–
–
Polarity (apical and basal surface)
Cellularity and specialized contacts
Supported by connective tissue (basement membrane)
Avascularity
Regeneration

7. Epithelial Tissue Types:
LayerShape
Flat (squamous) Cube
Column (tall)
One layer
Simple
squamous
Simple
cuboidal
Simple columnar
Multiple
layers
Stratified
squamous
Stratified
cuboidal
Stratified
columnar
Other types
Transitional
epithelium
Pseudostratified
columnar

8. Connective Tissue
• Found in all parts of the body, connects the tissues
and organs
• Composed of specialized cells embedded within a
non-living matrix.
• Matrix is combination of protein fibers (collagen,
elastin, & reticulin) and ground substance (interstitial
fluid, cell adhesion proteins, & proteoglycans)
• Functions: structural framework, protection, support,
energy storage, immunity

9. Connective Tissue Classification:
1. Connective i.
tissue proper
Loose
connective
tissue
a. Areolar connective tissue; mucous membranes
b. Adipose connective tissue; hypodermis of skin
c. Reticular connective tissue; bone marrow
ii. Dense
connective
tissue
2. Supporting
Connective
Tissue
a. Dense regular connective tissue; tondons
b. Dense irregular connective tissue; dermis of
skin
i.
a. Hyaline cartilage; trachea, ribs, ends of long bones
b. Elastic Cartilage; external ear, epiglottis
c. Fibrous cartilage; intervertebral disks, knee joint
Cartilage
ii. Bone
3. Fluid
Connective
tissue
a. Osseous connective tissue; bones
a. Blood ; blood vessels
b. Lymph; lymph vessels

10. 1. Loose Connective Tissue
a. Areolar connective tissue

11. 1. Loose Connective Tissue
b. Adipose connective tissue

12. 1. Loose Connective Tissue
c. Reticular connective tissue

13. 2. Dense Connective Tissue
a. Dense regular connective tissue

14. 2. Dense Connective Tissue
b. Dense irregular connective tissue

15. 1. Cartilage Connective Tissue
a. Hyaline cartilage

16. 1. Cartilage Connective Tissue
b. Elastic cartilage

17. 1. Cartilage Connective Tissue
c. Fibrous cartilage

18. 2. Osseous Connective Tissue
a. Bone

19. 3. Fluid connective tissue
a. Blood

20. Muscular tissue
• Muscle tissue is relatively long slender cells containing
contractile protein actin and myosin
• Muscle is both excitable and contractile
• Function: movement
• Types:
a. Skeletal
b. Smooth
c. Cardiac

21. Nervous tissue
• Tissues of the nervous system
• Composed of two cell population
– Nerons
– Neuroglial cells
• Neurons are functional excitable
cells
• Glia are supporting cells with
variety of functions
• Functions: provides integration
and communication between body
systems on a relatively fast, short
time scale.