2. • Most complex bony structure
• 22 bones in all
• Mostly flat bones.
3.
4.
5. Cranial Bones: 8
• 1. frontal bone
• 2. occipital bone
• 3. sphenoid bone
• 4. ethmoid bone
• 5. parietal bones (2)
• 6. temporal bones (2)
6. Functions of Cranial Bones
• Enclose and protect the brain
• Attachment sites for head and neck
muscles
7. Facial Bones: 14
• The bones of the facial skeleton(14) are
– The vomer
– Two nasal conchae,
– two nasal bones
– Two maxilla
– The mandible
– Two palatine bones
– Two zygomatic bones and
– Two lacrimal bones.
8.
9. Functions of Facial Bones
• 1. form framework of face
• 2. contain cavities for special sense
organs
• 3. openings for food/air passage
• 4. secure the teeth
• 5. anchor the facial muscles of expression
10. • ALL BONES OF THE SKULL ARE
FIRMLY LOCKED IN PLACE BY JOINTS
CALLED SUTURES
• Four major sutures:
– Coronal suture
– Sagittal suture
– Lambdoid suture
– Squamosal or squamous suture
11. THE CRANIUM (8)
1 frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
1 occipital bone
1 sphenoid bone
1 ethmoid bone
13. Parietal Bones: Form most of the superior
and lateral aspects of the skull
Figure 7.3a
14. Parietal Bones
• Curved, rectangular bones forming
majority of the cranium
• All four major sutures articulate with this
bone
15. Parietal Bones and Major Associated Sutures
• Four sutures mark the articulations of the
parietal bones
– Coronal suture – articulation between
parietal bones and frontal bone anteriorly
– Sagittal suture – where right and left parietal
bones meet superiorly
– Lambdoid suture – where parietal bones
meet the occipital bone posteriorly
– Squamosal or squamous suture – where
parietal and temporal bones meet
16.
17. Occipital Bone
• Forms most of
skull’s posterior
wall and base
• Major markings
include the
posterior cranial
fossa, foramen
magnum, occipital
condyles, and the
hypoglossal canal Figure 7.2b
18. Temporal Bones
• Lateral sides of the skull
• Zygomatic process connects with
zygomatic arch
• External auditory meatus (external ear)
• Styloid process muscle attachment for
tongue and neck
• Mastoid process neck muscles
20. Sphenoid Bone
• Spans width of middle cranial fossa
• Articulates with all other cranial bones
• Three parts greater wing, lesser wing
and pterygoid processes
• Sella turcica enclosure for pituitary
gland
21.
22.
23. Ethmoid Bone
• Complex shape
• Nasal cavity and orbital cavity
• Cribriform plate roof of the nasal cavity
• Crista galli- outermost covering of the
brain cover connects here
24.
25.
26. Maxillary Bones
• Medially fused bones that make up the
upper jaw and the central portion of the
facial skeleton
• Facial keystone bones that articulate with
all other facial bones except the mandible
• Their major markings include palatine,
frontal, and zygomatic processes, the
alveolar margins, inferior orbital fissure,
and the maxillary sinuses
