The document outlines the steps and significance of conducting a literature review, which involves a thorough examination of both published and unpublished work relevant to a specific research area. It details procedures for reviewing literature, organizing findings, and writing references in various formats, including APA, MLA, and Harvard styles. Additionally, it highlights how to identify and cite qualified literature effectively while presenting examples related to pre-service teachers' performance in mathematics.

1. CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 What is meant by literature
review?
 Functions of literature review
 Steps of literature review
1-2

3. LITERATURE REVIEW
is the documentation of a
comprehensive review of the
published and unpublished work
in the areas of specific interest to
the researcher.

4. FUNCTIONS OF RRL
Bring clarity and focus to your
research problem
 Improve your methodology
Broaden your knowledge base in
your research area
Contextualise your findings 1-10

5. helps you know what other
researchers have found in
regard to the same or similar
questions
FUNCTIONS OF RRL

6. Procedures for
Reviewing the
Literature

7. PROCEDURES FOR REVIEWING
THE LITERATURE
1. search for existing literature in
your area of study;
2. review the literature selected;
3. develop a theoretical framework;

8. PROCEDURES FOR REVIEWING THE LITERATURE
4. develop a conceptual
framework;
5. writing up the literature
reviewed

9. How to
Look for
Literature

10. 1. The researcher’s motivation
(Rationale) in conducting the study.
2. Objectives of the study.
3. Variables involved in the study.
4. Research Design
5. Quantitative analysis
6. Major Results and Conclusion.
How to look for Related Literature?

11. Within the
past 10 years
Qualified Literature:

12. Organizing
Chapter II:
RRL

13. Organizing Chapter II
1.Chronological Order
- Depending on the
year published (latest to
oldest)

14. Organizing Chapter II
2. By Part
-Classified as foreign
and Local literature

15. Organizing Chapter II
3. Thematic Organization
– by variable and accordance with
the statement of the problem.
(combination of several strategies)

16. Example

17. Statement of the Problem
In general, this study aimed to find out
the performance of elementary pre-service
teachers in fractions in a problem-based
learning environment.
Specifically, this study aimed to:
1.What is the socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents in terms
of sex, type of high school graduated from,
subject preference, highest educational
attainment of parents, and occupation of
parents?

18. 2. What is the affective attributes
of the respondents in terms of
mathematics self-efficacy and
math anxiety?
3. What is the pre and post
mathematics performances of the
respondents?

19. 4. Is there a significant predictor
of post mathematics
performance of the respondents
between the socio-demographic
characteristics, affective
attributes and pre test
performance of the respondents?

20. 5. Is there a significant
difference between pre and post
mathematics performances of the
respondents?

21. Qualified
Literature

22. *Related Literature (Books)
*Related Study (Articles and
Researches)
Qualified Literature:

23. HOW TO WRITE REFERENCES?
Book
Newspaper
Journal
Online document

24. FORMAT FOR CITING REFERENCES
24
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book
(edition if not first). City: Publisher.
Book by a single author
Leshin, C.B. (1997). Management on the World
Wide Web. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

25. 25
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of book (edition if not first).
City: Publisher.
Book by more than one author
Cornett, M., Wiley, B.J., & Sankar, S. (1998). The
pleasures of nurturing (2nd
ed). London: McMunster
Publishing.
FORMAT FOR CITING REFERENCES

26. 26
Journal Article
Author, A., & Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers.
Barry, H. (1996). Cross-cultural research
with matched pairs of societies. Journal
of Social Psychology, 79 (1), 25-33.
FORMAT FOR CITING REFERENCES

27. Referencing Electronic Sources
Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper.
Retrieved from home page web address
Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues
soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from
http://www.theage.com.au
FORMAT FOR CITING REFERENCES

28. Name of the Book: Research
Methods and Thesis Writing (2nd
Edition)
Authors: Lauretina Paler-Calmorin
and Melchor A. Calmorin
Copyright: 2007
Name of Publication: REX Bookstore
Place of Publication:
Manila,Philippines
Example:

29. Answer:
Calmorin, L. & Calmorin, M.
(2007). Research Methods and
Thesis Writing (2nd
Ed.). Manila:
REX Bookstore

30. REFERENCES

31. REFERENCE
Reference is a list which
contains all the sources which
have been sought or cited while
writing the article or assignment.

32. TYPES OF
REFERENCES

33. /Reference

34. TYPES OF SOURCES

35. 1. Primary Sources - research
publications where researches
report their findings.
Ex.Thesis, Research, Journal
TYPES OF SOURCES

36. 2. Secondary Source - publications
in which authors describe the work
of others.
Example: Textbook, Encyclopedia,
research review, Periodicals
TYPES OF SOURCES

37. STYLES OF
REFERENCING

38. STYLES OF REFERENCING
• APA (American Psychological
Association)
• MLA (Modern language Association)
• HARVARD (HVD)

39. STYLES OF REFERENCING
Author-date styles
(APA, MLA, and
Harvard)

40. APA
• is an author/date-based style.This means
emphasis is placed on the author and the
date of a piece of work to uniquely identify
it.
Example: King, M. (2000).Wrestling with the angel:A
life of Janet Frame.Auckland, New Zealand:Viking.

41. MLA
• Author (Last Name, First Name)
• Puts the year nearer the end of the
entry.
Example: King, Maurine.Wrestling with the angel:
A life of Janet Frame.Auckland, New Zealand:
Viking, 2000

42. HARVARD
• nearly identical to APA citations, but do
not put a comma/period between the
author(s) and year of publication:
Example: King, M (2000).Wrestling with the
angel:A life of Janet Frame.Auckland, New
Zealand:Viking.