The document discusses price rise, its causes, and measures to control it. It defines price rise and inflation, and notes that moderate price rise can benefit the economy while excessive inflation harms it. The main causes of price rise discussed are an increase in the money supply, population growth, increases in exports and shortages of raw materials. Measures to control price rise include monetary policies by the central bank, fiscal policies by the government, price controls, and policies to increase supply. The public distribution system aims to make essential goods available at controlled prices.
The document outlines 8 key rights of consumers in India:
1. The right to safety - protection from hazardous goods and services.
2. The right to be informed - about quality, quantity, standards and prices of goods and services to prevent unfair trade practices.
3. The right to choose - access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices to purchase goods and services of their choice.
4. The right to be heard - consumer interests receive due consideration at appropriate forums.
5. The right to redressal - seek resolution against unfair/restrictive trade practices or exploitation.
6. The right to value - get full value for the price paid.
7
Consumers are said to be the king in a free market economy, The earlier approach of Caveat Emptor which means ‘Let the buyer beware’ has now changed to Caveat Venditor which means ‘Let the seller beware’.
1. The document provides guidelines on consumer awareness and rights issued by the Government of Tamil Nadu. It outlines 8 consumer rights including the right to safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, education, healthy environment, and basic needs.
2. Consumers have responsibilities before, during, and after purchase including planning, researching the seller, reading warranties, and proper product use and storage. The Consumer Protection Act establishes a 3-tier system for resolving disputes.
3. The guidelines provide tips for purchasing various products and services safely and responsibly to avoid public health hazards and unfair practices. It encourages sustainable consumption and proper disposal of waste.
Project report on Consumer Awareness on recent changes in Packagingsai subham dey
This document discusses consumer awareness on changing product packaging styles. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduces the topic of evaluating consumer awareness of packaging changes. It then provides definitions of consumers and their rights. The document presents a case study on changing milk packaging styles, discussing packaging in plastic, paper, glass, and metal. It analyzes the pros and cons of each from the consumer perspective. The conclusion recommends metal containers as the best packaging alternative after weighing all factors. Overall, the document examines how packaging changes impact consumers and the importance of consumer awareness.
Chapter - 5, Consumer Rights, Economics, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
The document discusses consumer rights and protection in India. It summarizes that consumers face exploitation through issues like poor quality goods, unfair pricing and trade practices. The consumer movement in India grew to address such issues. The Indian government has established laws and organizations to protect consumers, such as the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and consumer courts. The document outlines some of the rights that consumers have as well as responsibilities to make informed choices and complaints regarding issues.
This document defines key terms related to consumer protection and outlines some of the rights of consumers in India. It discusses 8 key consumer rights recognized internationally by the UN: the right to access basic needs, safety, information, choice, representation, education, redress, and a healthy environment. In India, similar rights are outlined in the Consumer Protection Act including the right to safety, information, choice, being heard, redress, consumer education, and a healthy/sustained environment. The document provides examples of how some of these rights, such as access to basic needs and a safe environment, are not fully realized for many consumers in India.
This document discusses consumer exploitation in India. It notes that consumer exploitation occurs when producers act selfishly for their own benefit at the expense of consumers, especially illiterate or unaware consumers. The key causes of consumer exploitation in India include consumer illiteracy and ignorance, lack of consumer organization, spurious goods, deceptive advertising, and unethical business practices. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established consumer courts in India to allow consumers to file complaints against businesses. The rights of consumers include safety, information, choice, participation in decision making, redressal of grievances, and education. Both consumers and businesses have corresponding duties under the law.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It aims to ensure consumer rights and provide remedies for those who have been deceived. The Act established a 3-tier system for consumer dispute redressal. It also discusses consumer rights and responsibilities, penalties for non-compliance, and the role of youth in promoting consumer awareness and protection.
The document outlines 8 key rights of consumers in India:
1. The right to safety - protection from hazardous goods and services.
2. The right to be informed - about quality, quantity, standards and prices of goods and services to prevent unfair trade practices.
3. The right to choose - access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices to purchase goods and services of their choice.
4. The right to be heard - consumer interests receive due consideration at appropriate forums.
5. The right to redressal - seek resolution against unfair/restrictive trade practices or exploitation.
6. The right to value - get full value for the price paid.
7
Consumers are said to be the king in a free market economy, The earlier approach of Caveat Emptor which means ‘Let the buyer beware’ has now changed to Caveat Venditor which means ‘Let the seller beware’.
1. The document provides guidelines on consumer awareness and rights issued by the Government of Tamil Nadu. It outlines 8 consumer rights including the right to safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, education, healthy environment, and basic needs.
2. Consumers have responsibilities before, during, and after purchase including planning, researching the seller, reading warranties, and proper product use and storage. The Consumer Protection Act establishes a 3-tier system for resolving disputes.
3. The guidelines provide tips for purchasing various products and services safely and responsibly to avoid public health hazards and unfair practices. It encourages sustainable consumption and proper disposal of waste.
Project report on Consumer Awareness on recent changes in Packagingsai subham dey
This document discusses consumer awareness on changing product packaging styles. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduces the topic of evaluating consumer awareness of packaging changes. It then provides definitions of consumers and their rights. The document presents a case study on changing milk packaging styles, discussing packaging in plastic, paper, glass, and metal. It analyzes the pros and cons of each from the consumer perspective. The conclusion recommends metal containers as the best packaging alternative after weighing all factors. Overall, the document examines how packaging changes impact consumers and the importance of consumer awareness.
Chapter - 5, Consumer Rights, Economics, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
The document discusses consumer rights and protection in India. It summarizes that consumers face exploitation through issues like poor quality goods, unfair pricing and trade practices. The consumer movement in India grew to address such issues. The Indian government has established laws and organizations to protect consumers, such as the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and consumer courts. The document outlines some of the rights that consumers have as well as responsibilities to make informed choices and complaints regarding issues.
This document defines key terms related to consumer protection and outlines some of the rights of consumers in India. It discusses 8 key consumer rights recognized internationally by the UN: the right to access basic needs, safety, information, choice, representation, education, redress, and a healthy environment. In India, similar rights are outlined in the Consumer Protection Act including the right to safety, information, choice, being heard, redress, consumer education, and a healthy/sustained environment. The document provides examples of how some of these rights, such as access to basic needs and a safe environment, are not fully realized for many consumers in India.
This document discusses consumer exploitation in India. It notes that consumer exploitation occurs when producers act selfishly for their own benefit at the expense of consumers, especially illiterate or unaware consumers. The key causes of consumer exploitation in India include consumer illiteracy and ignorance, lack of consumer organization, spurious goods, deceptive advertising, and unethical business practices. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established consumer courts in India to allow consumers to file complaints against businesses. The rights of consumers include safety, information, choice, participation in decision making, redressal of grievances, and education. Both consumers and businesses have corresponding duties under the law.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It aims to ensure consumer rights and provide remedies for those who have been deceived. The Act established a 3-tier system for consumer dispute redressal. It also discusses consumer rights and responsibilities, penalties for non-compliance, and the role of youth in promoting consumer awareness and protection.
This document discusses consumer protection in India. It defines a consumer as an individual who uses goods and services, and defines consumer protection as concepts designed to ensure fair competition and truthful information in the marketplace. It outlines the responsibilities of businesses, consumers, and the government in protecting consumers. Key points covered include the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, its objectives to protect consumer interests and rights, and who can file complaints under the act.
The document discusses consumer rights and protection in India. It defines who a consumer is, outlines their key duties and factors that lead to their exploitation. It describes the consumer movement in India, important laws like the Consumer Protection Act 1986, and rights such as the right to information, choice and safety. It emphasizes the need for consumer education and explains where consumers can seek redressal, usually through the three-tier consumer court system operating at the district, state and national levels in India.
The document discusses the need for consumer protection laws in India's free market system. It provides background on the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and establishes consumer forums to address disputes. It defines key terms like consumer, goods, services, and complaint. The objectives of the Act are to protect consumers from exploitation and unfair trade practices. It outlines the rights of consumers such as safety, choice, information, redressal and education. The responsibilities of consumers are also mentioned.
This document discusses the history and development of consumer protection in India. It notes that consumers were historically exploited through cheating, adulteration, and misleading advertising. Consumer movements first organized in the 1960s to protest issues like food shortages and ration shop malpractices. International guidelines in 1985 and national laws established legal protections for consumers, including the right to safety, information, choice, redressal, and representation. A three-tier quasi-judicial system was set up to handle consumer disputes at the district, state, and national levels. Signs like ISI, AGMARK, and HALLMARK indicate approved product standards to empower consumers.
The document summarizes the key points of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It outlines who is considered a consumer, what rights consumers have, and protections from unfair trade practices, defects, and more. Standards marks like ISI, hallmark, and AG mark are explained which guarantee quality and purity of goods. Weights and measures are important tools to protect consumers from short weights.
Our basic rights as consumer according to COPRA. Consumer duties. General information related to it and where to seek justice in the case any of these is violated.
This document discusses consumer rights and protections. It outlines several key consumer rights, including the rights to safety, choice, and redress. It also discusses factors that can lead to consumer exploitation like limited information, supplies and competition. The document then provides an overview of consumer protection laws and mechanisms in place to protect consumers and promote fair business practices. These include laws against anti-competitive behavior and mergers that threaten competition.
This document discusses consumer awareness and rights in India. It outlines the seven main rights of consumers: safety, information, choice, redress, education, healthy environment, and basic needs. It emphasizes the importance of consumer education and protection organizations in fighting exploitation of consumers in India related to issues like poverty, illiteracy, and ineffective laws. Finally, it provides tips for consumers to keep in mind when purchasing various products like food, drugs, clothes, gold, and more.
This document discusses consumer rights in India. It begins by defining what a consumer is and provides examples of goods and services. It then outlines the four rights given to consumers by John F. Kennedy: right to safety, right to be informed, right to choose, and right to be heard. It provides details on each of these rights. The document also discusses the right to redress, right to represent, and consumer education in India. It lists several laws enacted to protect consumers in India, including the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. Finally, it poses some examples of situations that may violate consumer rights.
The document discusses consumer protection and consumer rights. It defines consumers and discusses the importance of protecting consumers from exploitation through unfair trade practices. It outlines several key consumer rights like the right to safety, the right to be informed, and the right to choose. The document also discusses unfair and restrictive trade practices that harm consumers as well as the role of businesses, government, and consumers themselves in ensuring effective consumer protection.
The document discusses two cases of consumer rights violations. In the first case, a consumer used cosmetics and found the products' claims to be untrue, violating their rights to safety and information. The manufacturer refused to address these issues. In the second case, a consumer purchased defective goods but the manufacturer denied responsibility. The document emphasizes that consumers have the rights to be heard and seek redressal when issues arise. It provides solutions like removing hazardous goods, replacing them, and returning the purchase price.
Consumer rights economics cbse class 10KOMALgGOWDA
This document discusses key concepts related to consumer rights in India. It defines a consumer as anyone who buys goods or services for personal use. Consumers have six main rights - the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, the right to be heard, the right to seek redressal, and the right to consumer education. It also discusses consumer exploitation, the consumer protection movement, the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, and agencies that regulate product quality and standards like AGMARK and BIS. The document outlines the history of the consumer movement in India and the establishment of consumer forums and courts to help consumers seek justice and redressal.
This is the presentation I used regarding three consumer laws in the Philippines: Consumer Act of the Philippines, Philippine Lemon Law, and the Anti-Red Tape Act. This is an enrichment lesson.
The document outlines consumer awareness guidelines, including defining a consumer, listing consumer rights, responsibilities of consumers at different stages of purchase, an overview of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, and tips for consumers when purchasing different types of goods and services. Key points covered include the 8 consumer rights, the 3-tier quasi-judicial system established under the Act, responsibilities of consumers before, during, and after purchase, and redressal mechanisms available to consumers.
This document defines a consumer and outlines consumer rights in India. It provides the following key details:
1. A consumer is defined as a person who buys goods or services for personal use and not for resale, excluding those obtained for livelihood through self-employment.
2. There are 8 consumer rights under Indian law relating to safety, information, choice, grievance redressal, education, and basic needs.
3. The document outlines each of the 8 consumer rights and responsibilities of consumers before, during, and after purchase. It provides guidance on making informed purchases of various goods and filing complaints.
The document discusses consumer rights in India. It defines a consumer and consumer rights. The government of India has provided six main rights to consumers under the Consumer Protection Act: right to safety, right to information, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, and right to consumer education. Each right is then briefly described.
The document discusses consumer rights in India. It outlines the consumer movement which arose due to unfair trade practices like high prices and exploitation by sellers. This led to the formation of consumer organizations and eventual passage of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 which established a three-tier system of consumer courts for redressal. The key consumer rights discussed are the right to safety of goods, right to be informed about products, right to choice and access to competitive prices, and right to seek legal redressal for defective products or unfair practices.
UTP broadly refers to any fraudulent, deceptive or dishonest trade practice; or business misrepresentation of the products or services that are being sold; which is prohibited by a statute or has been recognised as actionable under law by a judgment of the court .
United nations guidelines for consumer protectionRITA KAKADE
This document outlines the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. It discusses 8 areas that governments should focus on to protect consumers: physical safety, economic interests, quality standards, access to essential goods and services, redress measures, education programs, sustainable consumption, and specific areas like food and water. Some key points covered are promoting high ethical standards for businesses, independent consumer groups, sustainable practices, and measures against misleading claims. The goal overall is to empower consumers and maintain adequate consumer protections.
The document provides an overview of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It discusses:
- The need for consumer protection laws due to exploitation of consumers.
- Key features of the Act including the establishment of consumer councils, quasi-judicial bodies at district, state, and national levels to provide speedy redressal of consumer disputes, and provisions for compensation and penalties.
- Rights provided to consumers such as the rights to safety, be informed, choose products, seek redressal, and consumer education.
- The three-tier structure for consumer dispute redressal including district forums, state commissions, and a national commission to handle various claims based on their value.
This document provides information about consumerism, including definitions, the evolution and development of consumerism, consumer protection rights and forums, and filing complaints. It defines a consumer and consumerism, tracing the development of consumerism from the early 1900s focusing on the US, through the 1930s and gaining force in the 1960s. It outlines the basic rights of consumers, redressal forums in India, and requirements for filing a formal complaint under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
This document discusses consumer protection in India. It defines a consumer as an individual who uses goods and services, and defines consumer protection as concepts designed to ensure fair competition and truthful information in the marketplace. It outlines the responsibilities of businesses, consumers, and the government in protecting consumers. Key points covered include the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, its objectives to protect consumer interests and rights, and who can file complaints under the act.
The document discusses consumer rights and protection in India. It defines who a consumer is, outlines their key duties and factors that lead to their exploitation. It describes the consumer movement in India, important laws like the Consumer Protection Act 1986, and rights such as the right to information, choice and safety. It emphasizes the need for consumer education and explains where consumers can seek redressal, usually through the three-tier consumer court system operating at the district, state and national levels in India.
The document discusses the need for consumer protection laws in India's free market system. It provides background on the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and establishes consumer forums to address disputes. It defines key terms like consumer, goods, services, and complaint. The objectives of the Act are to protect consumers from exploitation and unfair trade practices. It outlines the rights of consumers such as safety, choice, information, redressal and education. The responsibilities of consumers are also mentioned.
This document discusses the history and development of consumer protection in India. It notes that consumers were historically exploited through cheating, adulteration, and misleading advertising. Consumer movements first organized in the 1960s to protest issues like food shortages and ration shop malpractices. International guidelines in 1985 and national laws established legal protections for consumers, including the right to safety, information, choice, redressal, and representation. A three-tier quasi-judicial system was set up to handle consumer disputes at the district, state, and national levels. Signs like ISI, AGMARK, and HALLMARK indicate approved product standards to empower consumers.
The document summarizes the key points of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It outlines who is considered a consumer, what rights consumers have, and protections from unfair trade practices, defects, and more. Standards marks like ISI, hallmark, and AG mark are explained which guarantee quality and purity of goods. Weights and measures are important tools to protect consumers from short weights.
Our basic rights as consumer according to COPRA. Consumer duties. General information related to it and where to seek justice in the case any of these is violated.
This document discusses consumer rights and protections. It outlines several key consumer rights, including the rights to safety, choice, and redress. It also discusses factors that can lead to consumer exploitation like limited information, supplies and competition. The document then provides an overview of consumer protection laws and mechanisms in place to protect consumers and promote fair business practices. These include laws against anti-competitive behavior and mergers that threaten competition.
This document discusses consumer awareness and rights in India. It outlines the seven main rights of consumers: safety, information, choice, redress, education, healthy environment, and basic needs. It emphasizes the importance of consumer education and protection organizations in fighting exploitation of consumers in India related to issues like poverty, illiteracy, and ineffective laws. Finally, it provides tips for consumers to keep in mind when purchasing various products like food, drugs, clothes, gold, and more.
This document discusses consumer rights in India. It begins by defining what a consumer is and provides examples of goods and services. It then outlines the four rights given to consumers by John F. Kennedy: right to safety, right to be informed, right to choose, and right to be heard. It provides details on each of these rights. The document also discusses the right to redress, right to represent, and consumer education in India. It lists several laws enacted to protect consumers in India, including the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. Finally, it poses some examples of situations that may violate consumer rights.
The document discusses consumer protection and consumer rights. It defines consumers and discusses the importance of protecting consumers from exploitation through unfair trade practices. It outlines several key consumer rights like the right to safety, the right to be informed, and the right to choose. The document also discusses unfair and restrictive trade practices that harm consumers as well as the role of businesses, government, and consumers themselves in ensuring effective consumer protection.
The document discusses two cases of consumer rights violations. In the first case, a consumer used cosmetics and found the products' claims to be untrue, violating their rights to safety and information. The manufacturer refused to address these issues. In the second case, a consumer purchased defective goods but the manufacturer denied responsibility. The document emphasizes that consumers have the rights to be heard and seek redressal when issues arise. It provides solutions like removing hazardous goods, replacing them, and returning the purchase price.
Consumer rights economics cbse class 10KOMALgGOWDA
This document discusses key concepts related to consumer rights in India. It defines a consumer as anyone who buys goods or services for personal use. Consumers have six main rights - the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, the right to be heard, the right to seek redressal, and the right to consumer education. It also discusses consumer exploitation, the consumer protection movement, the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, and agencies that regulate product quality and standards like AGMARK and BIS. The document outlines the history of the consumer movement in India and the establishment of consumer forums and courts to help consumers seek justice and redressal.
This is the presentation I used regarding three consumer laws in the Philippines: Consumer Act of the Philippines, Philippine Lemon Law, and the Anti-Red Tape Act. This is an enrichment lesson.
The document outlines consumer awareness guidelines, including defining a consumer, listing consumer rights, responsibilities of consumers at different stages of purchase, an overview of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, and tips for consumers when purchasing different types of goods and services. Key points covered include the 8 consumer rights, the 3-tier quasi-judicial system established under the Act, responsibilities of consumers before, during, and after purchase, and redressal mechanisms available to consumers.
This document defines a consumer and outlines consumer rights in India. It provides the following key details:
1. A consumer is defined as a person who buys goods or services for personal use and not for resale, excluding those obtained for livelihood through self-employment.
2. There are 8 consumer rights under Indian law relating to safety, information, choice, grievance redressal, education, and basic needs.
3. The document outlines each of the 8 consumer rights and responsibilities of consumers before, during, and after purchase. It provides guidance on making informed purchases of various goods and filing complaints.
The document discusses consumer rights in India. It defines a consumer and consumer rights. The government of India has provided six main rights to consumers under the Consumer Protection Act: right to safety, right to information, right to choose, right to be heard, right to seek redressal, and right to consumer education. Each right is then briefly described.
The document discusses consumer rights in India. It outlines the consumer movement which arose due to unfair trade practices like high prices and exploitation by sellers. This led to the formation of consumer organizations and eventual passage of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 which established a three-tier system of consumer courts for redressal. The key consumer rights discussed are the right to safety of goods, right to be informed about products, right to choice and access to competitive prices, and right to seek legal redressal for defective products or unfair practices.
UTP broadly refers to any fraudulent, deceptive or dishonest trade practice; or business misrepresentation of the products or services that are being sold; which is prohibited by a statute or has been recognised as actionable under law by a judgment of the court .
United nations guidelines for consumer protectionRITA KAKADE
This document outlines the United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection. It discusses 8 areas that governments should focus on to protect consumers: physical safety, economic interests, quality standards, access to essential goods and services, redress measures, education programs, sustainable consumption, and specific areas like food and water. Some key points covered are promoting high ethical standards for businesses, independent consumer groups, sustainable practices, and measures against misleading claims. The goal overall is to empower consumers and maintain adequate consumer protections.
The document provides an overview of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 in India. It discusses:
- The need for consumer protection laws due to exploitation of consumers.
- Key features of the Act including the establishment of consumer councils, quasi-judicial bodies at district, state, and national levels to provide speedy redressal of consumer disputes, and provisions for compensation and penalties.
- Rights provided to consumers such as the rights to safety, be informed, choose products, seek redressal, and consumer education.
- The three-tier structure for consumer dispute redressal including district forums, state commissions, and a national commission to handle various claims based on their value.
This document provides information about consumerism, including definitions, the evolution and development of consumerism, consumer protection rights and forums, and filing complaints. It defines a consumer and consumerism, tracing the development of consumerism from the early 1900s focusing on the US, through the 1930s and gaining force in the 1960s. It outlines the basic rights of consumers, redressal forums in India, and requirements for filing a formal complaint under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
The document discusses consumer protection laws and consumer associations in India. It provides background on the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and the establishment of Consumer Dispute Redressal Forums across districts in India. It then describes the roles and objectives of consumer associations, which include advocating for consumer rights, educating consumers, and addressing power imbalances between consumers and businesses. Finally, it outlines some key provisions and issues with the newly passed Consumer Protection Act of 2019, which aims to strengthen consumer rights and oversight.
The Consumer Protection Act was enacted in 1986 to protect consumer rights and provide a mechanism for resolving disputes. It established Consumer Dispute Redressal Agencies at the district, state, and national levels to provide simple and speedy remedies to consumer complaints. The agencies aim to protect consumer rights such as the right to safety, information, choice, being heard, seeking redressal, and education. They cover all goods and services purchased for personal use. Complaints can be filed online, by phone or SMS within 30 days of an issue.
The document discusses consumer protection laws and rights in India. It defines consumer protection as protecting consumer rights and interests from unfair business practices. The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established consumer councils and a three-tier quasi-judicial system to settle consumer disputes. The Act recognizes six key rights of consumers: safety, information, choice, grievance redressal, consumer education, and healthy environment. It aims to promote these rights and provide speedy and affordable remedies to consumers against issues like misleading ads, defective products, and more.
The document discusses consumer protection in India. It defines a consumer, outlines the need for consumer protection, and summarizes key Indian legislation on the topic, including the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. The Act established a three-tier system of consumer disputes redressal agencies at the district, state, and national levels to address consumer complaints. It also outlines consumers' rights and the process for filing a complaint seeking remedies such as replacing defective products.
The Consumer Protection Act was enacted in 1986 to safeguard consumer interests. It covers all goods and services except those for resale, commercial use, or free services. The Act establishes the rights of consumers to safety, information, choice, grievance redressal, and education. It creates a three-tier system for consumer disputes - district, state, and national levels - to address complaints regarding defective products, deficient services, excessive pricing, or hazardous goods. Remedies include repairs, replacements, refunds, compensation, and withdrawing dangerous goods. Consumer Protection Councils advise governments on consumer policies.
Business Law unit- 4 - Consumer Protection Act
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, Definition of Unfair Trade practices, Restrictive Trade Practices, Consumer Dispute, Rights of Consumers, Consumer Protection Councils.
The document discusses consumer protection laws and environmental protection laws in India. It outlines the key objectives and rights provided to consumers under the Consumer Protection Act 1986, including the right to safety, right to information, and right to seek redressal. It also discusses the three-tier system for resolving consumer disputes and amendments made to the Act to increase compensation limits. The document then covers laws related to environmental protection and strategies industries use to prevent pollution and manage their environmental impact.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 in India. It outlines the objectives of protecting consumer rights and interests through establishing councils at the district, state, and central levels. It defines who constitutes a consumer and their rights. It also describes the process for filing complaints related to defective goods or deficient services and having them addressed by the appropriate consumer disputes redressal agencies at the district, state, and national levels.
The document discusses consumerism in India. It provides definitions of consumerism and explains that consumerism means organized efforts to protect consumer rights against unfair business practices. It then discusses the positive and negative effects of consumerism, noting positive effects like economic growth but negative effects like depletion of resources and increased environmental pollution. The summary concludes that India is seeing rising consumerism as standards of living increase, which is changing consumer tastes and fueling growth in the retail industry.
The document discusses consumerism and consumer protection in India. It outlines several key points:
1) Consumerism aims to augment consumer rights and protect consumers from exploitation by businesses through unfair or unethical practices like adulteration or misleading advertising.
2) Several laws have been passed in India to safeguard consumer rights, such as the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, but consumers remain vulnerable due to factors like illiteracy and slow legal processes.
3) The Consumer Protection Act established consumer dispute redressal forums at the district, state, and national levels to hear complaints regarding defective goods or deficient services. It aims to promote fair trade practices and protect consumer interests in India.
This document provides an introduction to microeconomics and the basic economic problem of scarcity. It discusses how economics studies decision-making under scarcity and uncertainty. Microeconomics examines individual consumers, firms, and markets. The document also outlines key microeconomic concepts like opportunity cost, factors of production, and different types of economies. It explains how free markets can allocate resources efficiently but also the role of the state in mixed market economies.
Consumerism refers to protecting the rights of buyers in relation to sellers. It involves government, businesses, and organizations working to strengthen consumer rights and satisfaction. The document discusses how consumerism has grown in importance due to factors like increased consumer awareness, choices, and legal protections. It provides examples of laws passed in India to protect consumers from exploitation and unsafe products. Consumer rights include safety, being well-informed, having options to choose from, seeking redress for issues, and access to education about rights.
Unit 5 consumer protection and introduction to cyber lawGanesha Pandian
This document provides an overview of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and introduces cyber law in India. It discusses key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act including its aims to better protect consumer interests, establish quasi-judicial machinery for disputes, and salient features. It also covers consumer rights and duties. The document then provides an introduction to cyber law in India through the Information Technology Act of 2000, highlighting several chapters related to digital signatures, electronic governance, and certifying authorities.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 2019 in India. It replaced the 1986 act due to growth in digital technology and e-commerce. The 2019 act established the Central Consumer Protection Authority to regulate unfair trade practices, misleading ads, and protect consumer rights. It also defines the roles of the National, State and District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions in entertaining complaints regarding overcharging, restrictive trade practices, hazardous goods and services, and defective goods or services.
Consumer protection act 1986 is an act of parliament of India enacted in 1986 to protect rights of consumers.The provisions of act came into force with effect from 1987.It extended to whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This act is applicable to all goods and services.
The document discusses the Consumer Protection Act and introduction of cyber laws in India. It provides an overview of the key aspects of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 including its aims and objectives, salient features, consumer rights and duties. It also discusses the need for consumer protection, redressal machinery under the act and procedures for filing complaints. The document then provides an introduction to cyber laws in India, highlighting the key provisions and chapters of the Information Technology Act 2000 which provides the legal framework for e-commerce and electronic records.
The document discusses the roles of government and business in trade. It outlines several key functions of government related to trade, including facilitating trade within and outside the country, consumer protection policies, and involvement in business activities through public corporations. Consumer protection laws establish standards for weights/measures, food/drugs, and prohibit misleading advertisements. The government also controls trade through policies like import tariffs and quotas. Businesses facilitate trade as producers and help the economy through efficient production.
This document discusses key concepts of a free market economy including supply and demand, economic equilibrium, and spontaneous order. It analyzes how a free market allocates resources efficiently through market forces and price mechanisms without government intervention. The document also addresses three basic economic decisions that every society must make: what goods and services to produce and in what quantities, how to produce them, and who gets them. It explains how Nigeria answers these questions, with both government and private sectors determining production and market forces allocating based on demand. Natural resources like petroleum influence Nigeria's economy, with production, agriculture, and informal sector accounting for most economic activity.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
1. → Continuous and constant rise in price in different fields of economy at a high rate is called
price rise.
→ Price rise along with stability is beneficial for economy.
→ Excessive amount of money is used on comparatively less commodities, this kind of price rise
condition is called inflationary situation.
→ Due to sharp increase in total demand of country as compared to supply, resulted continuous
price rise.
Question 1.
Discuss the reason for price rise.
The reasons for the price rise are as follows:
(i) Increase in the supply of money in the economy takes place when
the government resorts to deficit financing and prints new currency.
Increase in cash transactions in the market.
Additional money made available by reducing the rate of interest on the loans.
The increase in the public expenditure, Expenditure on defence unplanned expenditure,
expenditure on welfare scheme lead “to increase in supply of money in the market.’ The increase
in supply of money increases the purchasing power of the people. However, the supply of the
goods and services do not increase to the extent of demand. This imbalance between the
demand and supply results in the price rise.
(ii) Population growth: Population of India has increased from 102.70 crore in 2001 to
121.02 crore in 2011. Additional population means additional demand for goods and services.
The imbalance between demand and supply results in the price rise.
(iii) Increase in export: The encouragement given by the government has considerably increased
export of the Indian goods. Thereby the availability of the goods in the domestic market has
decreased. This results in the shortage/scarcity of goods and increase in price.
2. (iv) Shortage of raw material: The shortage of raw material leads to increase in the prices of
their products. This contributes to price rise in the market.
(v) Price rise by the government: Petroleum products are imported by the international market
find reflection in the increase of the prices of the petroleum products by the government. The
government fixes support prices for the agricultural produce. Any increase in the support prices
by the government contributes to the price rise.
(vi) Natural calamities: The natural calamities like excess rainfall, scanty rainfall, earthquakes,
floods and epidemics adversely affect the production and supply of the agricultural products.
This shortage in supply results in price rise.
(vii) Man-made disasters: The disasters like war, riots, strikes, lockouts and industrial unrest
adversely affect the supply of essential commodities and trigger price rise.
(viii) Anti-Social activities: Black money, smuggling, hoarding and black marketing are
anti-social activities. Hoarding of the goods creates artificial shortage and these goods are sold
in the black market at higher price than their normal price.
Question 2.
Discuss main measures for controlling the price rise.
The following steps have been taken to control price rise.
(i) Monetary Measures: The Reserve Bank of India takes the following monetary measures to
control price rise:
It increases the Bank rate; i.e, the rate at which it lends money to the commercial banks. As
a corollary, the commercial banks increase the rate of interest while lending money to their
customers. The increase in the interest rate curbs the tendency to borrow money and invest the
same in speculative ventures.
The increase in the rate of interest on the deposits encourages the consumers to invest their
surplus funds. Thereby surplus funds go out of circulation. The tendency to make unnecessary
3. purchases is curbed. This reduces the demand for the goods. The Reserve Bank withdraws
surplus funds from the market by selling the government securities. It increases the Cash
Reserve Ration and reduces the availability of funds with the commercial banks.
(ii) Fiscal Measures are taken by the government to control price rise. These are: The
government reduces the public expenditure, postpones plans involving heavy expenditure and
curbs wasteful expenditure. It increases the level of existing taxes and imposes new taxes and
thereby reduces spending capacity of the people. It borrows money from the market, private
individuals and institutions. Thereby, it curtails excess purchasing power and demand for goods
and services.
(iii) Control on investment is a direct step to curb price rise. It encourages productive
investments in agricultural and consumer goods industries. Thereby the supply of food grains
and consumer goods in increased. At the same time, it discourages speculative investments.
(iv) Price Regulation and Rationing was introduced in India for the first time during the Second
World War and continued till 1972, when India became self-sufficient in production of food
grains. The price control continues even today. Essential commodities are mad available to the
weaker sections through the public distribution system of the society. For this purpose a chain
of Fair Price Shops has been set up. The government gives subsidy of food grains, petroleum
products and gas to keep prices under control.
(v) Administered Price Mechanism the government has made it obligatory for all the
manufacturers to state the MRP (Maximum Retail Price) on their products, which are inclusive
of all taxes. Essential Commodities Act, 1955 lays down the level of stocks to be maintained and
their display. The traders are required to maintain stock registers. Any disparity between actual
stock and that mentioned in stock register attracts punishment.
Question 3.
Explain the rights and duties of the consumer.
4. Answer:
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 has conferred the following rights of the consumers:
Right to safety: Consumer has right to be protected if the commodity or service is dangerous
or harmful to health. They also have right to lodge a complaint if anybody creates pollution.
Right to be informed: Consumers must be provided complete information about quality, purity,
price, quantity and the standard of goods and preference.
Right to choose: Consumers have the right to make a choice from variety of goods and services
as per their purchasing power and preference.
Right to be heard/represented: Arrangements are made so as to make the concerned party
hear the views of the consumers either by themselves or through their representative.
Right to seek redressal: Consumers have a right to seek redressal of their grievances related to
price and quality of goods and services. They have a right to ask the seller or the manufacturer
to repair or replace the defective goods. They can approach the District Forum, the State
Commission and the National Commission for the redressal of then- grievances.
Right to consumer education: Consumers have right to receive education regarding all matters
connected with their interests.
The duties of the consumers are as follows:
To be quality conscious and aware of rights to restrict business malpractices.
To beware of misleading advertisements.
To insist on a bill, a receipt and guarantee/warranty card by the seller.
To compare the quality, price, durability, after-sale service, etc. of the products.
To inspect carefully variety of goods and make the best choice.
To purchase the product only in sufficient quantity and be aware that the other consumers too
need these products.
To participate in consumer education activities, form consumer’s organization at the local level
and protect the rights of the consumers.
Question 4.
Describe the provisions of the consumer courts.
5. Answer:
Provisions of the Consumer Court:
(i) District Courts or Forums have been set up in every district. Approximately, 571 District
Courts-Forums are working throughout to the Country. These courts have been given power to
decide compensation claim upto? 20 Lakh. The application can be filed by paying the prescribed
fees. A party dissatisfied with the decision can file an appeal with the State Commission within
30 days by depositing 50% of the claim amount or? 25,000, whichever is less.
(ii) The State Commission has been established in all states and the Union Territories. It has been
given power to decide compensation claims between? 20 lakh and 1 crores. It consists of a
five-member bench. It is expected to decide the case within 90 days of filing case. A party
dissatisfied with the decision can file an appeal with the National Commission within 30 days
by depositing 50% of the claim amount or ? 35,000 whichever is less.
(iii) The National Commission is the apex consumer court in India. It consists of a bench of five
members. It has been given the power to decide compensation claims above X 1 crore. It is
expected to decide the case within 30 days of filing case. A party, either applicant or
respondent, dissatisfied with the decision can file a review petition with the Supreme Court of
India by depositing 50% of the compensation claim amount of? 50,000 whichever is less.
[Note: A consumer court can order fine or imprisonment for non-compliance of its order.
People below poverty – line, handicapped persons and senior citizens have been exempted from payment of
fees under the prescribed conditions. They are also provided free legal aid by the District Free Legal Service.]
Question 5.
Describe the national and international institutions for quality standard.
Answer:
(i) ISI: The Government of India had established Indian Standards Institute (ISI) in 1947 to
regulate the quality of industrial products. Since, 1986, it is known as Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS). It awards ISI mark to the products that meet the prescribed standards. The
BIS allows the use of ISI mark on textile, chemicals, rubber products, cement, electronic goods,
pesticides and insecticides.
(ii) AGMARK: The practice of awarding AGMARK to the farm, horticulture and animal
6. products was started in 1937. It is awarded by Directorate of Marketing and Intelligence –
(DMI), within the Ministry of Agriculture Complaints regarding quality of any product can by
lodged with the regional office of BIS.
(iii) BIS marks assure the quality/purity of gold. The purity number 916 indicates 22-carat
gold. Along with the number, Hallmark logo is given which indicates the year of manufacture
of the gold ornament. [916 = 22 carat J = Manufacture in 2008]
(iv) FPO mark is used for the tinned jam, fruit juices, squash, fruits and vegetables.
(v) Woolmark is given for woollen products.
(vi) MPO mark is given for meat and mutton products.
(vii) ACCP, i.e. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point is given to the processed foods.
(viii) Eco mark is given to soaps, detergents, paper, lubricants, packing material, color,
chemicals, power coating, battery, cosmetics, leather and plastic products.
Question 6.
What precautions should be undertaken while purchasing?
Answer:
The consumer should take the following precautions while purchasing goods:
The consumer should purchase products that have good quality, reasonable prices and
guarantee warranty of after-sales service. They should ascertain that the goods have
BSI/ISI/AGMARK which ensure their quality.
They should obtain all possible information of the product before making purchase. They should
preferably purchase branded goods. When there is a variety of products available, they should
be discreet and make the right choice.
They should insist on the original bill, standard receipt of the goods purchased or service availed.
They must check packaging, rate, date of manufacture, patent number, weight, date of expiry,
name and address of the manufactures. This will enable them to lodge a complaint if the
product is defective.
If they notice any defect in the product at the time of purchase, they should bring the same to
the notice of the trader immediately. They should refuse to purchase defective products.
7. They should not be attracted by the attractive advertisement or from the sale. They must not
purchase unnecessary products and waste money.
They must test check electrical/ electronic goods as the defective products many endanger their
lives.
They must check that the seal of the gas cylinder is intact. While riding rickshaw/taxi they
should check meter reading and insist on zero meter reading.
II. Answer the following questions pointwise:
Question 1.
Explain “Price rise is beneficial to economic development. ”
Answer:
(A) Price rise is beneficial to economic development: Moderate price rise, along with economic
stability is beneficial to economic development. Increase in price of the manufactured goods
means increase in the profit for the entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurs strive to increase their
profit by reducing the cost of production. The profits provide capital required for the new
ventures.
New production units create more employment. They offer higher wages and better service
conditions to the workers. Better wages means increase in purchasing power. People spend
money to improve their standard of living. Thus price rise gives momentum to industrialization
and industrialization serves as engine of economic development.
(B) Price rise is a hindrance in economic development: Unrestrained price rise is called
hyper-inflation. It is a hindrance to economic development. It results in the fall in the value of
money and purchasing power. The high prices of goods and services are beyond, the reach of
common people. The middle class and the poor suffer. It reduces saving and adversely affects
capital formation.
High volatility in economy discourages the entrepreneurs from launching new ventures. The
entrepreneurs prefer production of luxury goods and neglect production of the essential goods
to earn more profit. The scarcity of essential goods leads to hoarding and black marketing.
8. Economy loses its momentum due to the chaos created by the hyperinflation. Thus, price rise
is a hindrance in economic development.
Question 2.
“Black money one of the reasons for (causes of) price rise? Explain.
Answer:
Black money is unaccounted money. Many economic transactions are not mentioned in the
books of account to evade taxation. Excess income is hidden in the form of black money. Black
money constitutes parallel economy in India, whereby such persons invest in land and real
estate; or they lend money to those who indulge in unfair trades like smuggling and speculative
trade. They are afraid being caught and therefore prefer to spend money on luxurious lifestyles.
They store their money outside the country in foreign banks. In this way, black money is a
contributing factor to the price rise.
Question 3.
Clasify the role of the public distribution system in controlling price rise.
Answer:
During the Second World War period, there was acute shortage of foodgrains and other
essential goods. The British government had introduced rationing in 1942. For this purpose a
chain of fair price shops was set up across the country. The statutory rationing continued even
after independence as her was acute shortage of food grains. After India became self-sufficient
in food requirements the statutory rationing was lifted in 1972. However, as a poverty
alleviation measure, the Public Distribution System was introduced in 1977.
The PDS supplies essential goods to the low-income groups and the people living below poverty
line at a reasonable price through a chain of 4.92 lakh fair price shops. The difference between
the open market price and prices in the fair price shops, are borne by the government by giving
subsidy. The PDS has become a boon for maintaining adequate standard of living for the lower
classes. However, there is need to strengthen administrative machinery, ensure regular supply
of the required quantity of essential goods and honesty among the shopkeepers. [Please note
some details in the textbook were incorrect and incomplete. These have been corrected in the
answer.]
9. Question 4.
Describe the reasons of consumer exploitation.
Answer:
Besides the selfish attitude of the traders and the manufacturers to exploit the consumers to
earn extra profit, the following factors are responsible for the exploitation of the consumers:
Consumers: Most consumers are ignorant about the prevailing market conditions. They are
unaware of their rights and are unwilling to organize themselves to fight against exploitation.
Limited information: The consumers have very little information about products and their
quality and utility. They are not aware of the guarantee and warranty. Moreover, the salesmen
do not provide such information.
Limited supply: The traders create artificial scarcity of popular products. The traders take
undue advantage of scarcity.
Limited competition: The manufacturers/traders form cartels and create monopolistic
situations. The consumers find themselves in market where there is limited or no competition
and get themselves exploited.
Question 5.
Classify the role of consumer society in providing consumer protection.
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 envisages one establishment of the Consumers Society
(Consumer Protection Council) at the taluka, district, state and national level. These are
non-political, non-profit voluntary organizations. The consumers themselves take an initiative
in their establishment.
They serve as a watchdog and protect consumers from unfair trade practices. For this purpose,
they undertake consumer’s education activities and create awareness among consumers. They
offer suggestions to the government in framing policies related to consumers. They review the
existing legal provisions and suggest necessary changes in the Acts. They published periodicals
like ‘Grahak Suraksha’, ‘Insight’, ‘The Consumer’, ‘Grahak Manch’, etc. to create awareness
among the consumers.
10. They help consumers in filing complaints and, at times, represent the consumers. They help
consumers in filing complaints and, at times, represent the consumers in the proceedings of the
consumer courts. They serve as a check on unfair trade practices and discourage the traders to
indulge in these practices by the treat of legal proceedings.
Question 6.
Who can file a complaint? Describe the information included in complaint.
Answer:
A complaint to the District Consumer Forum can be filed by
the consumer
the Government of India, State Government and the Government of Union Territory
Consumer Society
Representative of consumer, and
any member of the family of the consumer who had purchased goods or services.
A complaint can be either handwritten or typed or sent through e-mail. When a complaint is
lodged in a forum/ court, it has to be accompanied by affidavit, giving information about name,
address and contact number. The reasons for filing complaint should be clearly started. Xerox
copies of the supportive documents/ evidences related to complaint should be enclosed. Bills and
receipts of payment should be enclosed.
Details of cheque should be given when the payment is made by cheque. Other evidences such
as copy of advertisement, pamphlet; prospectus and terms/conditions offered by the seller
should be enclosed. Bills and receipts of payment should be enclosed. Details of cheque should be
given when the payment is made by cheque. Other evidences such as copy of advertisement,
pamphlet; prospectus and terms/conditions offered by the seller should be enclosed. A
complaint has the be filed within two year of the incident. Consumer may Call
1800-233-0222 of Gujarat state helpline or 1800-114000 . of national helpline to file
complaint and to seek legal information and guidance.
III. Answer the following questions in short.
Question 1.
Why has it become necessary to control price rise?
11. Answer:
It has become necessary to control rise due to its undesirable effects. These are:
The value of money and its purchasing power declines. This leads to decline in saving and capital
formation.
The decline in capital formation has adverse effect on production activity, employment in
industries and supply of essential consumer goods.
Foreign investment declines as the investment is not profitable.
It creates scarcity of essential goods. The government spends available funds on import of
essential goods, like food grains.
As the production cost increases, the domestic goods become expensive. On the other hand, the
imported goods are cheap and their import increases. This creates imbalance in the
import-export trade.
The lives of the middle class and the lower classes become miserable. Their standard of living
deteriorates.
It leads to moral degradation. The poor indulge in theft and robbery. The poor women are
forced into prostitution. The unscrupulous businessmen indulge in speculation, hoarding, black
marketing and profiteering by offering bribes to the corrupt government servants.
Price rise is a hindrance to the economic development of the country.
Question 2.
Describe the effects of the price rise on capital investment.
Answer:
The uncontrolled price rise, described as hyperinflation, has the following effects on capital
investment:
It leads to fall in value of money and decline in purchasing power leading to reduced savings and
capital investment.
The shortage of capital discourages the entrepreneurs from taking risks in production activities.
12. As the value of money declines progressively, the moneyed people change their option of
investment. They invest in precious metals like gold and real state and thereby funds are not
available for the productive activities.
For want of capital, new industries are not started which halts generations of employment.
The entrepreneurs divert available capital to the production of more profitable luxury goods.
This results in the shortage of consumer goods.
It discourages the flow of foreign funds in production activities as investments become less
profitable.
Question 3.
What is the role of price mechanism system in price regulation?
Answer:
Administered Price Mechanism: The government has made it obligatory for all the
manufacturers to state the MRP (Maximum Retail Price) on their products, which are inclusive
of all taxes. Essential Commodities Act, 1955 lays down the level of stocks to be maintained and
their display. The traders are required to maintain stock registers. Any disparity between actual
stock and that mentioned in stock register attracts punishment.
Question 4.
Who is ‘consumer’?
Answer:
As per the provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, a consumer is a person who has
made payment or has agreed for any offered mode of payment in lieu of purchase of any
commodity or service. The person who pays the value of product, either in the form of
installments or by hire- purchase system- or either hires a service or receives a service called
a consumer. Such persons are covered under the Act as ‘consumers’ and receive protection
provided by the Act.
Question 5.
Give information about ISI, ECO, FPO, AGMARK.
Answer:
(i) ISI: The Government of India had established Indian Standards Institute (ISI) in 1947 to
13. regulate the quality of industrial products. Since, 1986, it is known as Bureau of Indian
Standards- (BIS). It awards ISI mark to the products that meet the prescribed standards. The
BIS allows the use of ISI mark on textile, chemicals, rubber products, cement, electronic goods,
pesticides and insecticides.
(ii) ECO: This mark is given to soaps, detergents, paper, lubricants, packing material, color,
chemicals, power coating, battery, cosmetics, leather and plastic products.
(iii) FPO: This mark is used for the tinned jam, fruit juices, squash, fruits and vegetables.
(iv) AGMARK: The practice of awarding AGMARK to the farm, horticulture and animal
products was started in 1937. It is awarded by Directorate of Marketing and Intelligence (DMI),
within the Ministry of Agriculture Complaints regarding quality of any product can by lodged
with the regional office of BIS.
IV. Choose the correct alternative and answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Government decides the prices of which products?
(A) Vegetable
(B) Medical treatment
(C) Petrol-Diesel
(D) Dining in hotel
Answer:
(C) Petrol-Diesel
Question 2.
Increase by Government in supply of what leads to price rise?
(A) Commodities
(B) Grains
(C) Raw materials
(D) Money
Answer:
(D) Money
14. Question 3.
Due to prediction that prices are going to rise in future what do the people do?
(A) Black marketing
(B) Profiteering
(C) Betting
(D) Hoarding
Answer:
(D) Hoarding
Question 4.
15th March is celebrated as which day in India?
(A) Consumer Rights Day
(B) World Consumer Day
(C) Consumer Awareness Day
(D) National Consumer Rights Day
Answer:
(B) World Consumer Day
Question 5.
Which organization has been set up by the Central Government for consumer-related laws?
(A) Consumer Dispute Removal System
(B) National Consumer Commission
(C) National Customer Commission
(D) Consumer Protection Commission
Answer:
(B) National Consumer Commission
Question 6.
Which periodical is published for consumer education and awareness?
(A) Insight
(B) Consumer Awareness Forum
(C) Consumer Education
15. (D) Consumer Act
Answer:
(A) Insight
Question 7.
Which is the voluntary organization regulating the quality of edible items?
(A) BIS
(B) CAC
(C) ISO
(D) FPO
Answer:
(B) CAC
Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science Price Rise and Consumer Awareness Additional
Important Questions and Answers
I. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Question 1.
Which among the following things controls the money flow in nation?
(a) Increase in interest rate
(b) Selling of Government custody
(c) Decrease in bank rate
(d) Decrease in interest rate
Answer:
(d) Decrease in interest rate
Question 2.
Which among the following is incorrect?
(a) Government – less administrative expense and useless expense
(b) Pay policy – Increase in wages and allowance
(c) Taxation policy – Increase in income tax, company tax and asset tax
16. (d) Public tax – Decrease in public loan and subsidy
Answer:
(b) Pay policy – Increase in wages and allowance
Question 3.
Which Act is initiated by Government to stabilize the price?
(a) Essential Commodity Act, 1955
(b) Essential Service Act
(c) Consumer Protection Act
(d) Price Regulation Act
Answer:
(a) Essential Commodity Act, 1955
Question 4.
Under which Act are the black marketers, hoarders arrested?
(a) Price Control Act
(b) PASA (Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act)
(c) Consumer Protectidn Act
(d) Anti-Corruption Act
Answer:
(d) Anti-Corruption Act
Question 5.
Which among the following is not included in the steps taken for preventing price rise?
(a) To sell the commodities at any price
(b) Not to display price list or stock list
(c) Punitive actions against breaching of laws
(d) Regulation and checking of commodities lying in godown
Answer:
(a) To sell the commodities at any price
Question 6.
Which country observed the Consumer Awareness Movement first?
17. (a) India
(b) China
(c) US
(d) Russia
Answer:
(c) US
Question 7.
Which reason is not responsible for consumer exploitation?
(a) Consumer awareness
(b) Limited stock
(c) Limited information
(d) Limited competition
Answer:
(b) Limited stock
Question 8.
Which right protects the consumer from injurious commodities and services?
(a) Right to information
(b) Right to choose
(c) Safety
(d) Right to protection
Answer:
(c) Safety
Question 19.
Which right empowers the consumers to organize non-political organizations?
(a) Right to Information
(b) Right to Choice
(c) Right to Presentation
(d) Right to Complaint
18. Answer:
(c) Right to Presentation
II. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Which Act was passed to control price?
Answer:
Essential commodity Act, 1955.
Question 2.
Which right is attributed to consumers to use before choosing the commodities?
Answer:
Right to information
Question 3.
At, petrol pump what should be the reading on indicator while filling petrol- diesel?
Answer:
Zero
Question 4.
Upto what amount claim can be enforced in District Forum?
Answer:
20 lakhs.
Question 5.
How many members are there in the batch of National Commission?
Answer:
Five
III. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
When does price rise becomes hindrance in the development of economy?
Answer:
When prices of goods or services increases invariably and continuously at high rates, the
19. consumers have to pay more price. This means the supply of money increases in the market. But,
at the same time the production of goods and services do not increase as quickly as the price
rise. Here the customer is paying more, but is getting less. This is called inflation.
Question 2.
What is plan and non-plan expenditure?
Answer:
The expenditure done by the government are of two types. They are:
(i) Plan expenditure and
(ii) Non-plan expenditure.
(i) Plan Expenditure: The expenditure that government thoroughly discussed in the budget and
sets estimates for it in the Planning Commission under the Five Year Plan is called ‘Plan
Expenditure’. Example: Expenditure to be done on building, roads and bridges, generating
electricity, raising irrigation al facilities, etc.
(ii) Non-plan Expenditure: The expenditure to be done for day to day routine activities of the
government is called “Non-plan Expenditure”. Example: Administrative expenses of
government, salaries of government employees, different welfare schemes and fairs,
celebrations and various other public and private expenditures.
Question 3.
What is administered priced mechanism?
Answer:
To prevent hoarding and to maintain the prices of essential goods at reasonable level and to
ensure their easy availability, the government fixes the prices of certain commodities. This is
called administered price mechanism.
In other words, the government administers the price of commodities in the market. It asks the
traders to sell the goods at the fixed prices decided by the Government.
Question 4.
What are ‘Essential Commodities Act’ and ‘PASA’?
Answer:
20. To keep price level under control, the Government has implemented a law called ‘Essential
Commodities Act, 1955’.
As per this Act, if the trader does not sell goods according to the prices fixed by the Government,
it can initiate proceedings against the trader and penalize him. PASA means ‘Prevention of
Anti-Social Activities Act’. Under PASA, the government initiates legal proceedings and
undertakes intensive campaigns against hoarders, black marketers and speculators.
Question 5.
The efforts to control price rise are not independent or different from each other but are
complementary or dependent on each other. Give reason.
Answer:
Price rise is a very common yet a very sensitive matter for any economy. There are several ways
in which the prices can increase and there are also several ways in which the prices can be
controlled. Moreover, it is quite possible that the prices may not come under control by taking
only one step.
So, in most of the cases of the price rise, the government takes several steps one by one or
simultaneously to see that the prices come under control. Also, there is no sure shot solution for
controlling the price rise. Using more than one way in a complementary manner is the only key
to control price rise.
Question 6.
Hoarding is one of the causes as well as effects of price rise. Give reason.
Answer:
At times, when the demand of some specific products is more, the producers or traders hoard
the goods in their godowns or shops.
Then they create an artificial scarcity on temporary basis and later sell goods at higher prices.
Innocent customers consider this artificial scarcity as true and become prepared to buy goods
even at higher prices. When the price rises, then after selling some products, again the sellers
hoard goods in order to earn higher prices. When the price rises, then after selling some
products, again the sellers hoard goods in order to earn higher profits in future. Thus, the
21. producers and traders take undue advantage of consumer’s demands and ignorance and sell he
hoarded goods at higher prices and earn higher profits. Thus, hoarding becomes a cause and also
an effect of price rise.
Question 7.
A moderate and fixed price rise of all goods is the pre-condition of economic development. Give
reason.
Answer:
As a thumb rule, in any country the prices of goods should increase marginally annually. As a
effect of this price rise, the salary, wages, bonus and other facilities of people increase
proportionately. The standard of living of people is thus maintained or even goes up. This leads
to smooth flow of money in the market, which in turn leads to economic development. Thus,
we can say that price rise is the pre-condition of economic development.
Question 8.
The vicious cycle of price rise never ends. Give reason.
Answer:
In market, cost of production increases if the cost of raw material is high. This high input cost
increases the cost of the final product. To meet this price rise, people demand more salary.
When their demands of salaries are satisfied, they start buying more from the market. This
increases the demand of products. Hence, again the cost of goods increases which leads to price
rise. Thus, in this cyclic manner, the vicious cycle of price rise never ends.
Question 9.
Inflationary price rise is a financial and social vice (evil). Explain.
Answer:
Due to inflationary price rise, people cannot buy commodities required for livelihood in
sufficient quantity. Inflation also decreases the purchasing power of money. The income of poor
and middle class people does not rise in proportion to the rising prices. As a result, they, always
remain poor. In fact, due to constant inflation, the living standard of people of poor and middle
class goes down. Inflationary price rise also harms the moral values of the people in the society.
22. People compromise with their moral values and ethics so that they can at least earn a regular
income. Thus, inflationary price rise is a financial and social vice (evil).
Question 10.
State key differences between customer and consumer.
Answer:
Customer Consumer
The purchase of goods or services is
known as customer. The end of the goods or services is know
as consumer. Consumer does not buys
the goods or services for the purpose of
reselling.
A customer may be agent or processor
who by purchasing goods or raw material
maybe producing something and then
re-selling it.
The price of the goods that the customer
buys is to be paid by the customer
The consumer may or may not be
paying for the goods he is consuming.
For example, parents pay for the food
but is is consumed even by the children
are not buying yet they are consumers.
Question 11.
In which different ways is a consumer exploited? ‘
Answer:
A consumer may be exploited in the following ways:
Providing lesser weight than the one printed on the packet.
Providing slightly defective or fake commodity/goods.
Over-pricing.
Providing adulterated goods.
Unsatisfactory after-sale services, etc.
In businesses such as, banking, insurance, mobile services and phones, medical facilities, etc. the
customer is lured by attractive but false and misleading advertisements.
23. Many a time unaware customers get cheated. At times, such goods are sold which cause physical
as well as mental harassment.
Sometimes the sellers create artificial scarcity or do not provide complete information before
selling.
Question 12.
The thought of consumer protection is an ancient one. Give reason.
Answer:
These days consumer protection movements are gaining much popularity. But, the concept of
consumer protection is not new for India. In an ancient book of Kautilya called ‘Arthshashtra’,
Kautilya mentioned about the need of consumer protection & exploitation that takes place due
to misconduct of traders. Kautilya had mentioned that such wrongdoers must be punished for
under measurement of goods, adulteration and duplication. There are also many remedial steps
and provision for punishment mentioned in this book for exploitation, like under-measurement,
adulteration, duplication, etc. Hence, one can say that the thought of consumer protection is
an ancient one.
Question 13.
The state thinking, “Production and sale of goods is aU” should be discarded. Explain.
Answer:
Some traders or producers believe that their duty is only to produce and . sell the product. They
do not care about the consumer feedback, after sales service, etc. When a consumer buys a
product he expects that the product is of good quality, is fit for his health and is reasonably
priced. Moreover, consumer also expects proper after sale service. If the producer or trader does
not provides good service to the consumers during the after the product is bought then the
consumers lose their morale. They fell cheated and neglected.
By selling good products and providing good service, both the producer and trader can win the
consumer’s heart, maintain the moral values, expectations of consumers and also grow the
business. Thus, the state thinking, “Protection and sale of goods is all” should be discarded.
24. Question 14.
Consumer protection is considered as the basic condition for setting up healthy society. Give
reason.
Answer:
The concept of consumer protection mainly developed after the important economic reforms
like privatization and liberalization in 1991. Due to globalization, international trade has
become quite easy. As a result, variety products with varied features are exchanged for trade
purpose among different countries. Hence, consumer gets attracted and confused among so
many products. On the other hand, due to competition, producers at times produce fake,
adulterated, or such products which may cause harm to one’s health.
As a result, variety of products, the ethical values of the society are disturbed and people start
losing faith among each other. In such a situation, it is the duly of the government to make
consumer aware about his duties and rights regarding the products or services he purchases.
Question 15.
The Government of India has set up a three tier judicial system for providing justice to the
consumers. Give reason.
Answer:
The consumer buys goods from the market with a hope that he well get good quality products
which will not harm him or his family. Production and sale of goods and services earn
government a very huge amount of tax income. This ta income is then used for the economic
development of the nation. If the consumer is not backed-up with any protection for his
purchase then his morale will become weak. He will Isoe the faith in he government system and
the nation’s ethics. This is very dangerous for the nation.
Also, this is inappropriate and unethical from government’s perspective. As a result, the
Government of India under the Central Consumer Protection Council has set-up a three-tier
judicial mechanism for solving consumer complaints. Depending upon the value of
compensation, the consumer can file a case at District Forum, the State Commission and the
National Commission.
IV. Long Answer Type Questions
25. Question 1.
What is price rise? How can you say that if the price rise in a stable manner, then it works as
a pre-requisite for economic development?
Answer:
Continuous and constant rise in price in different fields of economy at a high rate is called price
rise. When the prices increase, the profits of producers also increase. Higher growth in profit
motivates producers to invest more in the market to expand the business and also to start new
production units. This gives rive to increased production and more employment generation.
This again increases their sales and hence income due to which the producers and traders
increase the wages of their employees.
Higher wages increases the purchasing capacity of the employees and so they buy more goods
and services from the market. This increases their standard of living. When people purchase
more and more from the market, the economy starts growing. Hence, if the price rises properly
and it becomes pre-requisite for economic development.
Question 2.
Discuss how monetary supply leads to price rise in the market.
Answer:
When money supply increases in the market, it leads to pricer rise. There are three major ways
in which supply of money increases in the market which leads to price rise. They are discussed
below:
(i) By filling deficit replacement i.e. by generating new money (increase in supply of money).
Good governance leads to economic development. Due to economic development, the amount
of money increases in the economy and the income of people increases.
When income increases, people are able to spend more i.e. their purchasing power increases and
hence, they start consuming and demanding more goods & services from the market. But, since
the production cannot be done as fast as the sudden rise in income and demand, there occurs
a shortage of goods and services which leads to price rise.
(ii) Increasing circulation of money i.e. increasing money transaction in market (By increasing
government expenditure).
26. Government undertakes ‘Plan expenditure’ and ‘Non-plan expenditure’. By undertaking such
expenditures, government is increasing supply of money in the market. When the supply of
money increases, the income of people increases. This is turn increases the purchasing power
and eventually leads to price rise. Along with this, factors of production such as land, labour,
machinery starts getting more work and hence more value. This also increases the flow of
money which then leads to price rise.
(iii) Decreasing rate of interest on debt: The bank reduces rate of interest on credit and
increases its reserved cash. This increases the supply of money in hands of people. When people
have more money, they increase their demand for commodities and so the prices rise.
Question 3.
Non-Plan government expenditure neither increases production nor supply, even then the
prices rise. Give reason.
Answer:
The expenditure to be done for day to day routine activities of the government is called
‘Non-plan expenditure’. Administrative expenses of the government, salaries of government
employees, different welfare schemers and fairs, etc. are means through which the government
does its non-plan expenditure.
As can seen none of these activities increases production or supply in the market, but people
receive money on a regular basis through means of salaries, allowances, temporary contracts,
etc. Along With this, factors of production such as land, labour, machinery starts getting more
value. Overall these two conditions increase the purchasing power of people and hence the
demand. So, people start demanding more commodities. But, due to no rise in supply of goods
and services, the price rise takes place.
Question 4.
State the important laws and acts made at world level for consumer protection. Laws and Acts
at world level:
Answer: On 15th March, 1962, American President John Fitzgerald Kennedy presented four
rights of the consumers in the Parliament of America. He expressed his concern that the
27. problems of consumers are not heard. International organization “Consumers International’
published a notification showing rights of consumers on 15th March 1983.
So, every year, 15th this day is observed as “World Consumer Day’. On 16th April, 1985, the
UN declared 8 basic consumer rights in its bill ‘United Nations Guidelines for Consumer
Protection’. According to this bill, UN recommended every nation of the world to set-up
effective legal structure for protection of consumer rights and interests.
The Laws and Acts at India level:
The Parliament of India formed ‘National Consumer- Protection Act, 1986’ which was signed
and permitted by the President of India on 24th December, 1986. Due to this, every year we
celebrate this day as “National Consumer Right Day’ in India. On 18th February, 1988 Gujarat
Government implemented “Gujarat Consumer Protection Act, 1988”. As per this act, legal
action can be taken for protecting the consumers. In the years 1993 and 2002, India made
many important amendments in its Consumer Protection Act. India also made many provisions
in its Consumer Protection Legislation-1986.
V. Fill in the blanks
1. …………… is called Father of consumer protection movement.
2. 15th March is celebrated ………………. .
3. The National Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on …………… December.
4. ……………. is marked on agro-products.
5. ……………… certifies quality at international level.
Answer:
1. Ralph Nadal
2. World Consumer Right Day
3. 24th
4. AGMARK
5. ISO
VI. Answer in one word
Question 1.
Which Act was passed to control price?
28. Answer:
Essential commodity Act 1955.
Question 2.
Which right is attributed to consumers to use before choosing the commodities?
Answer:
Right to information
Question 3.
At petrol pump, what should be observed while filling petrol-diesel in vehicle?
Answer:
Zero
Question 4.
Upto what amount’s claim can be enforced in District Forum?
Answer:
20 lakhs
Question 5.
How many members are there in the National Commission?
Answer:
Five