The document discusses how technology used in education has changed over time and will continue to rapidly change. It notes how students in the past were criticized for depending too much on newer technologies like ink, paper, pens, and ballpoint pens rather than traditional tools like slates and sharpened pencils. It then outlines many emerging and future technologies that will impact education like faster processors, smart cards, larger storage, and wireless connectivity. It also discusses challenges this will create for instructors, individualization of learning, and changes needed in the structure of educational institutions.

1. Changing Technology Judy Brown WTCS Boards Association July 19, 1996

2. Students today can’t prepare bark to calculate their problems. They depend on their slates which are more expensive. What will they do when the slate is dropped and it breaks? They will be unable to write! Teacher’s Conference, 1703

3. Students today depend on paper too much. They don’t know how to write on a slate without getting chalk dust all over themselves. They can’t clean a slate properly. What will they do when they run out of paper? Principal’s Association, 1815

4. Students today depend too much upon ink. They don’t know how to use a pen knife to sharpen a pencil. Pen and ink will never replace the pencil. National Association of Teachers, 1907

5. Students today depend upon store bought ink. They don’t know how to make their own. When they run out of ink they will be unable to write words or ciphers until their next trip to the settlement. This is a sad commentary on modern education. The Rural American Teacher, 1928

6. Students today depend on these expensive fountain pens. They can no longer write with a straight pen and nib. We parents must not allow them to wallow in such luxury to the detriment of learning how to cope in the real business world which is not so extravagant. PTA Gazette, 1941

7. Ballpoint pens will be the ruin of education in our country. Students use these devices and then throw them away. The American values of thrift and frugality are being discarded. Business and banks will never allow such expensive luxuries. Federal Teachers, 1950

8. Agenda New Technologies The Pace of Change Educational Challenges

9. New Technologies Chips Connections Software

10. Processing Power In 1982, the original IBM PC processed 1/4 MIPS In 1990, PC processed 25 MIPS In 1993, PC were capable of processing 100 MIPS In 2000, PCs will process 10,000 MIPS

11. New Technologies Chips Connections Software

12. Connected World “ We're just a step away from the point when every computer is connected to every other computer...." Andy Grove, CEO Intel

13. New Technologies Chips Connections Software

14. Software “ Any piece of software is inadequate two years later.” Bill Gates, CEO Microsoft

15. What's Happening Today? Faster / Cheaper / Better Improved Functionality Mergers / Takeovers / Acquisitions Convergence / Positioning

16. What's Hot? Internet Interactive Multimedia / 3D Wireless / Mobile Java Video DVD Intercast

17. What's Hot (Continued) Electronic Commerce Wallet PC Speech / Voice Recognition Mobile Communications Video Conferencing / Video Phone

18. Technology Innovation Faster processors Smart cards Larger storage Voice/ handwriting input High-quality video and graphics Flat, high- resolution screens

19. Technological Reality For four years, US. Industry has been spending more on computers and communications equipment than on all other capital equipment combined – all machinery for services, manufacturing, mining, agriculture, construction, whatever.

20. The Pace of Change Moore’s Law Exponential Growth Information Age Gold Rush “Fever” Web Years

21. Moore’s Law Each new chip contains roughly twice as much capacity as its predecessor, and each chip was released within 18-24 months of the previous chip. Gordon E. Moore, 1965

22. The Pace of Change Moore’s Law Exponential Growth Information Age Gold Rush “Fever” Web Years

23. Industry Directions

24. Wide Area Bandwidth Generation Speed Technology Application 14.4 28.8 Modem, SVD Text great, Pictures OK Narrowband (Today) 100-400 ISDN, PC cable modem Pictures great, Video OK Midband (1-2 years) Broadband (2+ years) 1500+ ATM Video great (k-baud/sec.)

25. Business Changes Home-based Workers Worldwide Market Electronic Funds Communications Collaboration New Tools

26. The Future Workforce “ 25% of all jobs today will disappear within 10 years” Wall Street Journal “ 85% of children in year 5 will enter the workforce where the positions have not yet been designed and the technologies not yet created”

27. Job Opportunities 101110010010001 Software distribution Finance and accounting Information delivery Customer support Human Resources

28. Educational Challenges Students born “Cable Ready” Instructor access and training Business looking to technical colleges to stay current Individualization

29. The Future of the University “ Many of the physical mega universities are not sustainable, at least not in their present duplicative variations. Ten years from now a significant share of conventional mass education will be offered commercially and electronically.” Eli Noam, Columbia University

30. Educational Changes Industrial Revolution Model Teaching Organization for Learning Pen and Paper Subject Centered Isolation Classroom Instruction Low Order Question Hours Open Knowledge Age Learning Learning Organization Computing Tools Action Learning Open Learning World Wide Web Construction High Order Learning Open all Hours

31. Where to Go for Information Online (Edupage) Training Sessions Books, Articles, Electronic Sources Professional Associations

32. Questions ?