This document discusses the vertical structure and variation of parameters in Earth's atmosphere. It describes how air temperature, pressure, and density decrease with increasing altitude. Temperature typically decreases with height at a dry adiabatic lapse rate of 1°C per 100 meters or a moist adiabatic lapse rate of 0.5°C per 100 meters. Inversions can occur where temperature increases with height. Air pressure and density are greatest at Earth's surface and decrease exponentially with altitude due to the decreasing weight of the overlying air.