Neither Information technologies determine organisational structure merely, nor does organisational structure. There is a mutual interaction between there variables. Using information technologies is a must for the organisations in this century. However how information technologies evolved over the time brings a question of what effect can technology bring towards organisations and their structure. This study discusses the conceptual issues that raise the importance of technological tools, views and ways that followed by organisations and changed over the time. It also examines technological, organisational and interactive ties that connect organisational structure and the information technology. It concludes that information technologies have an impact on the organisational structure via centralisation and decentralisation, authority and control, space of control, change in organisational level, departmental structure, decision making process, communication, and organising the work.
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Cargo Industries A Stud...ijtsrd
The modern trend towards E commerce and computerization that they give you an idea about the way cargo industries Trucking and freight services , this paper establishes an “Impact of information and communication technology on cargo industries” In terms of commerce, logistics and fleet management, and proposes invented mechanisms of influence. The authors note that the speedy increase of E commerce and freight fleet management system compose it not easy to arrive next to firm, statistics based conclusion in relation to their impact of cargo industries, however suggest that more complicated government management of transportation demand over and above freight fleet management systems could call off out the pessimistic impact of E commerce on road transportation. Dr. Nandisha H. D "Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Cargo Industries - A Study in Bengaluru" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35731.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/mis-and-retail-management/35731/impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-cargo-industries--a-study-in-bengaluru/dr-nandisha-h-d
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
The last decade of the twentieth century and the turn of twenty-first century witnessed significant progress in technology in general and information technology and communication in particular. Such progress still continues until today, accelerating with wide quick strides more than ever. This age has produced many mechanisms for manufacturing knowledge and more advanced technological means that have made the globe as a small village. Communication technology, which is represented by the internet, has played a huge rule in transferring information and technological revolution from the north to the south passing by the east and the west at the same time. All of that have had an impact on all political, economic, educational, teaching, social, media, and advertisement systems in all communities.
The term technology is derived from Greek. It consists of two parts, techno, which means skills or art, and logy, which means science or study. Thus, the word technology means the science of performance, science of implementation, or the technical methods to achieve a practical purpose, the science of industrial operation.
In this modern era Information Technology has become an important part of life as it allows the users to easily access, store, transfer and manipulate information. Read this document, we have mentioned some useful information regarding Information Technology.
https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/it-assignment-help
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Cargo Industries A Stud...ijtsrd
The modern trend towards E commerce and computerization that they give you an idea about the way cargo industries Trucking and freight services , this paper establishes an “Impact of information and communication technology on cargo industries” In terms of commerce, logistics and fleet management, and proposes invented mechanisms of influence. The authors note that the speedy increase of E commerce and freight fleet management system compose it not easy to arrive next to firm, statistics based conclusion in relation to their impact of cargo industries, however suggest that more complicated government management of transportation demand over and above freight fleet management systems could call off out the pessimistic impact of E commerce on road transportation. Dr. Nandisha H. D "Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Cargo Industries - A Study in Bengaluru" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35731.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/mis-and-retail-management/35731/impact-of-information-and-communication-technology-on-cargo-industries--a-study-in-bengaluru/dr-nandisha-h-d
The Impact of Information Technology on Business Transformation in the Operat...IJMIT JOURNAL
The study aims at measuring the effects of information technology on the transformation of businesses in communication companies in Jordan. The study population consisted of companies' directors as well as their deputies, assistants, advisors, in addition to department managers and their assistants. The total number of the study subjects is 3 designated communication companies in Jordan; these are: Zain, Umniah, and Orange. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher had prepared a questionnaire which comprises of 45 items covering the three factors of the independent variable (Information Technology): infrastructure, developmental environment, and executive support systems and applications, as well as the three factors of the dependent variable (Transformation of Businesses): operations, organization change, and workers' competence. In order to test the hypotheses, the following three criteria were adequately used: The Medians, the Standard Deviations, as well as the Regression Analysis. The study has reached a number of results; the most notable amongst these results is that there is a positive effect that is statistically significant of information technology on the elements of business transformation in Jordanian communication companies and all of their relating elements.
The last decade of the twentieth century and the turn of twenty-first century witnessed significant progress in technology in general and information technology and communication in particular. Such progress still continues until today, accelerating with wide quick strides more than ever. This age has produced many mechanisms for manufacturing knowledge and more advanced technological means that have made the globe as a small village. Communication technology, which is represented by the internet, has played a huge rule in transferring information and technological revolution from the north to the south passing by the east and the west at the same time. All of that have had an impact on all political, economic, educational, teaching, social, media, and advertisement systems in all communities.
The term technology is derived from Greek. It consists of two parts, techno, which means skills or art, and logy, which means science or study. Thus, the word technology means the science of performance, science of implementation, or the technical methods to achieve a practical purpose, the science of industrial operation.
In this modern era Information Technology has become an important part of life as it allows the users to easily access, store, transfer and manipulate information. Read this document, we have mentioned some useful information regarding Information Technology.
https://www.instantassignmenthelp.com.au/it-assignment-help
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
THE BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT SUCCESS:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM JORDANijmpict
This paper discussed the E-governmentsuccess barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure ofE-governmentsuccess. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-governmentquality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLSstructural equation modeling (SEM)has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisionede-services are less than expectationsof stakeholders.We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-governmentperformance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction.The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found thatlow system quality led to low service quality directly.
Computacenter commissioned independent research to understand how businesses are responding to workplace change and where their challenges reside. The emphasis
of the research was to compare perspectives from the next generation of end users and those of IT professionals devising workplace strategy for organisations today. The findings in the report provide interesting results that should help inform next steps for businesses in enabling a contemporary workplace.
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
The mobile phone has received global attention primarily as a personal consumer technology. However, we believe that mobile information technology in general will play a significant role in organisational efforts to innovate current practices and have significant economic impact. Enterprise mobility signals new ways of managing how people work together using mobile information technology and will form an integral part of the efforts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of information work. This belief is, however, not reflected in the current selection of books and collections exploring the issue of enterprise mobility. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the key challenges in the application of mobile information technology to improve organisational efficiency. This is accomplished through comparing and contrasting findings from a selection of 11 empirical studies of enterprise mobility with information technology conducted between 2001 and 2007. The paper argues that the debate so far has largely failed to embed glowing accounts for technological potential in a sound discussion of organisational realities. In particular, there has been a lack of balanced accounts of the implicit and explicit trade-offs involved in mobilising the interaction between members of the workforce.
key factors affecting on the e readiness assessment for small and mediumINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Due to the increasing growth of information and communication technology and to optimum utilization of its advantages, organizations must to develop their existing capacities. To measure this capacity of any organization, be sure is evaluated, the e-readiness of the organization to enter the e-commerce market. The main objective of this paper is to identify key factors affecting in the Electronic Readiness assessing of SMEs in Shamsabad Industrial City, Tehran to enter the e-commerce market. In this paper to determine this factors after identifying and introduction of variety existing models, concepts; dimensions and indicators of research is extracted and is designed in the form of a questionnaire. Then, using a designed questionnaire is action to gathering insights of academic experts and professional and variety of concepts, dimensions and related indicators is evaluated to E-Readiness assessment. Finally, with regard to the reforms, have been identified key factors affecting the E-Readiness of small and medium manufacturing enterprises.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
THE BARRIERS OF E-GOVERNMENT SUCCESS:AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM JORDANijmpict
This paper discussed the E-governmentsuccess barriers and how could these barriers affect in users' dissatisfaction as measure ofE-governmentsuccess. The model explained more embedded relations of Information System (IS) success model in a negative context. E-governmentquality model encompasses information quality, system quality, service quality and IT infrastructures readiness, which are the predecessors of user satisfaction as measure of E-government success. The research model has been empirically tested using 93 IT managers and IT specialists of Jordanian government agencies. PLSstructural equation modeling (SEM)has been used because his superior statistical power in dealing with complex causal model and small sample size. The results clearly articulated that provisionede-services are less than expectationsof stakeholders.We found that lack of IT infrastructures readiness is the strongest factor to affect in E-governmentperformance negatively and the most important factor to provoke users’ dissatisfaction. Along with the other factors were found significantly correlated with users' dissatisfaction.The relation of system quality with services quality only the difference between female and male group, where male group found its insignificant while females found thatlow system quality led to low service quality directly.
Computacenter commissioned independent research to understand how businesses are responding to workplace change and where their challenges reside. The emphasis
of the research was to compare perspectives from the next generation of end users and those of IT professionals devising workplace strategy for organisations today. The findings in the report provide interesting results that should help inform next steps for businesses in enabling a contemporary workplace.
Assessing the adoption of e government using tam model case of egyptIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
ASSESSING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT USING TAM MODEL: CASE OF EGYPTIJMIT JOURNAL
Electronic government (e-government) was known as an efficient method for government expertness and proficiency as a vital facilitator for citizen-oriented services. Since their initiation over a decade ago, Egovernment services are recognised as a vehicle for accessing online public services. Both governments and academic researchers understand the difficulty of low-level adoption of e-government services among citizens; a common problem between both developing and developed countries. This paper investigates determinants and factors necessary to enhance adoption of citizens for e-government services in developing countries, with particular focus on Egypt, by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) using a set of political, social, and design constructs that were developed from different sources of research literature.
The mobile phone has received global attention primarily as a personal consumer technology. However, we believe that mobile information technology in general will play a significant role in organisational efforts to innovate current practices and have significant economic impact. Enterprise mobility signals new ways of managing how people work together using mobile information technology and will form an integral part of the efforts to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of information work. This belief is, however, not reflected in the current selection of books and collections exploring the issue of enterprise mobility. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the key challenges in the application of mobile information technology to improve organisational efficiency. This is accomplished through comparing and contrasting findings from a selection of 11 empirical studies of enterprise mobility with information technology conducted between 2001 and 2007. The paper argues that the debate so far has largely failed to embed glowing accounts for technological potential in a sound discussion of organisational realities. In particular, there has been a lack of balanced accounts of the implicit and explicit trade-offs involved in mobilising the interaction between members of the workforce.
key factors affecting on the e readiness assessment for small and mediumINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Due to the increasing growth of information and communication technology and to optimum utilization of its advantages, organizations must to develop their existing capacities. To measure this capacity of any organization, be sure is evaluated, the e-readiness of the organization to enter the e-commerce market. The main objective of this paper is to identify key factors affecting in the Electronic Readiness assessing of SMEs in Shamsabad Industrial City, Tehran to enter the e-commerce market. In this paper to determine this factors after identifying and introduction of variety existing models, concepts; dimensions and indicators of research is extracted and is designed in the form of a questionnaire. Then, using a designed questionnaire is action to gathering insights of academic experts and professional and variety of concepts, dimensions and related indicators is evaluated to E-Readiness assessment. Finally, with regard to the reforms, have been identified key factors affecting the E-Readiness of small and medium manufacturing enterprises.
The Contribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the Information ...IJRES Journal
There are some great innovations in e-government during the past decade. And there is intense competition between some governments and leaders in the supply of services on the Internet. Some countries do not want to stay behind in this area, where many governments have developed detailed strategies to realize the e-government programs. Despite differences in goals behind these programs from one country to another, but there are still many points of convergence between them particularly in information technology infrastructure field. However, Problems associated with the process of application and adoption of e-government due to poor systems and infrastructure construction, which negatively affects the adoption of the public services through the e-government portal, in particular in developing countries. This study argued contribution the information technology Infrastructure in Information Systems success in e-government agencies. Where there are weaknesses in the understanding of this contribution and its importance in many developing countries, so the researcher proposed a model to clarify this contribution, and expected a positive relationship between the information technology infrastructure factors and information systems success, and this affects positively or negatively the adoption of e-government.
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study.
A Mediating Role of Knowledge Management System in the Relationship between I...Editor IJCATR
This paper as a qualitative paper attempts to review extant research in term of e-government performance, knowledge
management system, and information technology infrastructure. Nowadays, various countries are trying to improve their performance
by using information technology. In this regard, knowledge management can be considered an influential factor which plays a vital
role in the relationship between IT infrastructure and e-government performance. In the sequel, this paper proposes a framework which
can be applied for future study
Thriving information system through business intelligence knowledge managemen...IJECEIAES
In the current digitalization dilemma of an organization, there is a need for the business intelligence and knowledge management element for enhancing a perspective of learning and strategic management. These elements will comprise a significant evolution of learning, insight gained, experiences and knowledge through compelling theoretical impact for practitioners, academicians, and scholars in the pertinent field of interest. This phenomenon occurs due to digitalization transformation towards industry revolution 5.0 and organizational excellence in the information system area. This research focuses on the characteristic of a comprehensive performance measure perspective in an organization that conceives information assessment and key challenges of Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management in perceiving a relevant organizational excellence framework. The dynamic research focusing on the decision-making process and leveraging better knowledge creation. The future of organization excellence seemed to be convergent in determining the holistic performance measure perspective and its factors towards industry revolution 5.0. The research ends up with a typical basic excellence framework that will mash up some characteristics in designing an organizational strategic performance framework. The output is a conceptual performance measure framework for a typical decision-making application for organizational strategic performance management dashboarding.
Challenges to the Implementation of It Governace in Zimbabwean Parastatalstheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Sociotechnical Management Model for Governance of an Ecosystem IJMIT JOURNAL
This is an opinion paper regarding a proposal of a model for a Ecosystemm Governance. In the globalized
world the importance of Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT) become increasingly
relevant regarding the requirements imposed by competition. Both the knowledge of the business as the
rapid flow of information are fundamental for a enterprise decision making. Whereas the basic definition of
IT = hardware + software, i.e. , tools that has been used to create, store and disseminate data and
information in the creation of knowledge, and IS = IT + People + procedures that collect, process and
disseminate the information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis and visualization
in the organization [01], it makes implicit the understanding of IS is essential to create competitive
companies, to manage global corporations and provide customers with products and services of value. In
this work we are correlating IS with the governance of management of an ecosystem.
A knowledge management-based conceptual model to improve the level of utiliza...IJAEMSJORNAL
The current commercial context for the Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an ever-changing environment that is strongly influenced by the information and communication technologies (ICTs). This has led enterprises to implement these technologies as supportive tools for their business processes. Nevertheless, a vast number of SMEs have not obtained favorable results in implementing ICTs, since the lack of knowledge about the potential and application of these technologies has made this technological implementation activity prevail as an action oriented to the simple acquisition of equipment and informatic systems with a short-term vision without considering a business strategy. The aim of this paper is to perform a literature review that shows evidence of the low utilization of ICTs in SMEs, particularly in the Mexican environment, which leads to proposing a different approach where enterprises consider Knowledge Management (KM) in the implementation of the informatic technology, leading to a conceptual model to ensure human, organizational and relational capital provide the proper capabilities to complement a strategy that implies carrying out a correct acquisition and application of knowledge that contributes to improving the utilization of ICTs in the business processes.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
Background: As a result of enormous progress in the information technology and communications, several
organizations adopt business intelligence (BI) applications in order to cope with the development in
business mechanisms, staying at the marketplace, competition, customer possession and retention.
The rapid growing capabilities of both generating and gathering data has created an imperative
necessity for new techniques and tools can intelligently and automatically transform the processed data in
to a valuable information and knowledge. Knowledge management is a cornerstone in selecting accurate
information at the appropriate time from many relevant resources.
Objective: The major Objective of this research is to "examine the impact of business intelligence on
employee's knowledge sharing at the Jordanian telecommunications company (JTC)".
Design/methodology/approach: A review of the literature serves as the basis for measuring the impact of
business intelligence using knowledge sharing scale. The study sample consisted of administrators,
technical staff, and senior managers.75 questionnaires were distributed in the site of JTC. (70)
Questionnaires were collected. (63) Found statistically usable for this study representing a response rate
of (84 %).
Findings: Most important findings for this study demonstrate that business intelligence tools respectively
(OLAP, Data Warehousing, and Data Mining)are highly effect on employee knowledge sharing.
Originality/ Value: Business Intelligence play a significant role in obtaining the underlying knowledge in
the organization, through optimum utilization of data sources the internal and external alike. Several
researches addressed the importance of integrating business intelligence with knowledge management,
little of these researches addressing the impact of business intelligence on knowledge sharing. This study
has tried to address this need.
Securing Cloud Computing Through IT GovernanceITIIIndustries
Lack of alignment between information technology (IT) and the business is a problem facing many organizations. Most organizations, today, fundamentally depend on IT. When IT and the business are aligned in an organization, IT delivers what the business needs and the business is able to deliver what the market needs. IT has become a strategic function for most organizations, and it is imperative that IT and business are aligned. IT governance is one of the most powerful ways to achieve IT to business alignment. Furthermore, as the use of cloud computing for delivering IT functions becomes pervasive, organizations using cloud computing must effectively apply IT governance to it. While cloud computing presents tremendous
opportunities, it comes with risks as well. Information security
is one of the top risks in cloud computing. Thus, IT governance must be applied to cloud computing information security to help manage the risks associated with cloud computing information security. This study advances knowledge by extending IT governance to cloud computing and information security governance.
Read and analyze the attached case. You must discuss the case and ho.pdfinfo324235
Read and analyze the attached case. You must discuss the case and how Information Technology
is used or misused. Discuss the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of its application if appropriate,
or discuss your opinion of the case and how IT could have been more effectively used.
Each analysis must be at least 1-2 pages in length and no more than 3 pages. It should include a
section summarizing the case (1-2 paragraphs), and then an analysis of how IT was used or
misused. The analysis portion must be the bulk of the feedback. I am looking for your
observations of the case, what you think!!
http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/674906.pdf
Solution
Computer crime is a very vast topic. It includes many mal functions by computer users. It is all
about making bad use of information technology for personal interest or in order to create
troublesome situation for others.
Plagiarism is one aspect. It is passing off the work of other people as your own without giving
any credit to them. Piracy is another topic worth thinking about because people make a lot of
effort and spend lot of money to create or make something where other just make a copy of them
instant of buying the original one. Crackers are basically attention who break into computer
system and make illegitimate use of them. With the rapid evolution in Information Technology,
the numbers of crackers are also growing. It is very difficult to get hold of all these issues that is
why we have some association running, aiming to reduce and stop these concerns.
nformation technology and its systems have become so important that large organization can no
longer operate without them, not to mention operate efficiently. Each organization has its unique
purpose, use of information technology is now becomes one of most important means to achieve
the goals as claimed by Hawkins (2004). Technology could increase an organization’s
effectiveness by refine its operations, business process and internal collaboration. In the context
of education, technology could break down communication barriers between students and
faculties and among students themselves. For example, email system could enable lecturers and
students have effective communication when both of them are remote from campus and located
at different time zone of the world. Technology could also help students have better access to the
learning information, experts and learning communities. In most universities’ library system,
students could now access, view and finding citations of thousands of academic journals which
are integral part of student’s academic study from its online database and database’s associated
subscriptions. Technology could also enable active new learning modes, such as multi-media
teaching, computer lab and virtual learning environment that could connect students from
different parts of the world in one virtual environment simultaneously.
However, technology by itself could not delivery the outcomes desired and pursued by the
organiza.
Today, in the rapidly emerging globalization process, increasing the competitiveness of enterprises
depends on increasing of their firm performance. Although there are many methods and techniques affecting
firm performance, Information technology (IT) capabilities has become one of the most widely used method,
especially in dealing with supply chain matters of a firm. The aim of our study is to express whether innovation
and organization learning is effective as intermediate variable to the effects of IT capabilities at firm’s
performance. The opinion which claim
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education:...journalBEEI
Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
BIM Term Paper Proposal on Applications of ICT on Office Management santo BD
BIM Term Paper Proposal
Topics is "Applications of ICT on Office Management and organization Development"
Broader objective of the study :
? ? Main objective of this study- ICT applications how to help office management and
to develop organization.
Specific objectives: The specific objective of the study will be:
• Identify the ICT applications using for office management.
• To identify impact on employment productivity of using ICT applications.
• Cost benefit analysis of using ICT applications in the organization.
Bangladesh Institute of Management (BIM), Dhaka
Similar to Information Technologies and its Impact on the Organisational Structure (20)
Exploring the Experiences of Gender-Based Violence
and The Associated Psychosocial and Mental Health
Issues of Filipino HIV-Positives: Implications for
Psychological Practice
Evangeline R Castronuevo-Ruga1, Normita A Atrillano2
Abstract: The phenomenon of gender-based violence has generated attention from research practitioners and helping professionals since
the surge of the women’s movement three or so decades ago in the Philippines. At about the same time, the HIV-AIDS gained similar
attention with the disclosure of the first ever case of the country in the mid-80s. Only recently, however, has the intersectionality of these
two phenomena been looked into by the research community in other countries and has yet to see parallel response locally. This research,
therefore, attempts to map out the lived experiences of People Living with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (PLHIV) who have undergone
gender-based violence (GBV). It specially looks into the consequent psychosocial and mental health issues. Using focus group discussion with
24 purposively sampled participants from the highly vulnerable groups based in three major Philippine cities, thematic analysis reveals that
the participants experienced various forms of gender-based violence, e.g., sexual, emotional/psychological, economic, verbal, physical) and
expressions of stigma and discrimination, which in turn, led to manifestations of different emotional and psychological trauma, depression,
internalized homophobia, greater health risks and risk-taking behaviours, among others. It might be worthwhile to consider the possibility
that the consequent risk-taking and self-injurious tendencies played a role in their eventual contraction of HIV.
Estimation of Storage-Draft Rate Characteristics of
Rivers in Selangor Region
Farah Syazana Abd Latif1, Siti Fatin Mohd Razali2
1,2Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Abstract: Drought is a phenomenon of extreme water shortage that has significant economic, social, environmental and human life
impact. Streamflow drought characteristics and properties are useful in the design of hydro-technical projects, water resources planning and
management purposes. Information on low flow magnitude, frequency, probability and return period are very crucial in analysing
streamflow drought at the operational level in public water supply. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristics of low
flow for every streamflow station in the Selangor region. The estimation of minimum storage draft-rate with the probability of low flow
return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 years is presented in this paper.
Awwal-Awwal Tampat Budjang Journey Back to
Pre-Islamic Epoch: A Cultural Semiotic
Helen G Juaini1
Abstract: Cultural background plays a significant role in the sphere of semiotics. Semiotics as a discipline is recognized as a useful tool in
gauging cultural background and identifying signs that might represent the message of a certain work. Given the rich cultural context of
Tawi-Tawi oral literature this can be used in studying semiotics. Semiotic tools were employed to interpret the awwal-awwal as provided by
the respondents and to formulate a subsequent understanding of this oral literature in relation to the Sama’s claim of sacredness of Tampat
Budjang.
Politeness and Intimacy in Application Letters of
Three Cultural Groups in Mindanao
Helen G Juaini1
Abstract: 150 application letters from the three cultural groups in Mindano, namely Sinama, Subanen, and Tausug have been analysed
in a mixed-method design. The focus of the study is on the two features of politeness and intimacy. In the quantitative analysis, the model
proposed by Brown & Levinson (1987) and that of Columns (2005) which have drawn upon the features of indirectness in requesting and
the length of letters as the indicators of politeness are used. In the qualitative and descriptive analysis formality in salutation and opening
clause as well as the use of abbreviated forms are taken into account. The result shows that Tausug use the politest style in their application
letters, followed by Sinama and Subanen respectively. On the other hand, Sinama, Subanen, and Tausug use the least intimate style in their
business letters. The findings are hoped to help better inter-cultural understanding, especially with respect to written rhetorical
characteristics.
New Authentication Algorithm for IoT Environment
based on Non-Commutative Algebra and Its
Implementation
Maki Kihara1, Satoshi Iriyama2
1,2Tokyo University of Science
Abstract: Recently, IoT devices such as robots, speakers, domestic electrical appliances and smart devices are provided everywhere for
everyone. While their authentication request is quite ubiquitously, namely, an authentication for sharing services, the actual
implementations are patchy schemes of variety security policies. In this study, we propose the new authentication scheme for IoT devices
without certificate authority which is fast enough as well as secure. The verification algorithm is based on suitable ciphered metric. We
define a class of such verifiable encryption and give an example for authentication. Moreover, we show the implementation which keeps
perfect secrecy by means of Shannon’s theory.
Developing a Strategic Organisational Learning
Framework to Improve Caribbean Disaster
Management Performance
Joanne Persad1
Abstract: Disasters are social constructs and require an agility and adaptability from national disaster organisations (NDOs). The
environment in which NDOs operate are complex adaptive systems environment, and organisational learning as a key approach is considered
fundamental to strengthening the ability of an NDO to perform at its best. With the potential for loss of lives, the destruction of critical
infrastructure and housing and to the risk of setting back a country’s economic development by many years, learning from the lessons of the
past, to reduce the negative impacts is critical for the onward growth of Caribbean countries which, for the most part, are small island
developing states. The Caribbean Region is the one of the most hazard prone regions in the world (Walbrent College 2012). Lessons from
disaster impacts are identified, gaps are well documented, and failures are sometimes exposed. But learning, in terms of making changes to
improve systems, performance and resilience, is questionable. The lessons must be applied for change to occur, this is part of the knowledge
management process in the context of disaster organisations. The purpose of this study is to explore the apparent inability of national
disaster organizations in the Caribbean to apply the lessons learnt from previous disasters. Three (3) Caribbean countries have been selected
for this research. It is a multiple case study where the unit of analysis is the national disaster organisation. This study is based on an
interpretive paradigm.
Combating Climate Change and Land Degradation in
The West African Sahel: A Multi-Country Study of
Mali, Niger and Senegal
S A Igbatayo1
1Head, Department of Economics & Management Studies, AFE Babalola University, Nigeria
Abstract: The West African Sahel is a vast ecological zone separating the Sahara Desert to the north and Sudanian savannah to the
south; traversing Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria and Chad. With a population estimated at more than 60 million
people, the region features a multiplicity of development challenges. It is home to some of the world’s most impoverished people, whose
livelihoods are mostly reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Characterized by semi-arid vegetation, the West African Sahel is one of the most
environmentally degraded ecosystems in the world. The region faces severe and recurring bouts of droughts since the 1980s, jeopardizing
environmental sustainability. During the past four decades, the West African Sahel has witnessed below-average annual precipitation, with
two severe drought periods in 1972-1973 and 1983–1984, in a development that undermined agricultural productivity and spawned
severe land degradation. Various studies have predicted even more severe climate variability and change in the region, with drier and more
frequent dry periods expected. The intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) revealed a decline in annual rainfall in West
Africa since the end of the 1960s, with a reduction of 20% to 40% observed in the periods 1931-1960 and 1968–1990. Repeated
droughts, fuelled by climate change, have undermined land productivity, turning arable soils into marginal lands, and rendering land
resources vulnerable to such anthropogenic activities as over-grazing, agricultural intensification and deforestation, which are common
practices across the region. The major objective of this paper is to shed light on climate change and land degradation patterns in the West
African Sahel. It employs empirical data to analyse the trends, with particular emphasis on Mali, Niger and Senegal. The study reveals
considerable threats posed by the twin scourges of climate change and land degradation to food security, environmental sustainability and
regional stability.
Combating Climate Change and Land Degradation in
The West African Sahel: A Multi-Country Study of
Mali, Niger and Senegal
S A Igbatayo1
1Head, Department of Economics & Management Studies, AFE Babalola University, Nigeria
Abstract: The West African Sahel is a vast ecological zone separating the Sahara Desert to the north and Sudanian savannah to the
south; traversing Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, northern Nigeria and Chad. With a population estimated at more than 60 million
people, the region features a multiplicity of development challenges. It is home to some of the world’s most impoverished people, whose
livelihoods are mostly reliant on rain-fed agriculture. Characterized by semi-arid vegetation, the West African Sahel is one of the most
environmentally degraded ecosystems in the world. The region faces severe and recurring bouts of droughts since the 1980s, jeopardizing
environmental sustainability. During the past four decades, the West African Sahel has witnessed below-average annual precipitation, with
two severe drought periods in 1972-1973 and 1983–1984, in a development that undermined agricultural productivity and spawned
severe land degradation. Various studies have predicted even more severe climate variability and change in the region, with drier and more
frequent dry periods expected. The intergovernmental Panel on climate change (IPCC, 2007) revealed a decline in annual rainfall in West
Africa since the end of the 1960s, with a reduction of 20% to 40% observed in the periods 1931-1960 and 1968–1990. Repeated
droughts, fuelled by climate change, have undermined land productivity, turning arable soils into marginal lands, and rendering land
resources vulnerable to such anthropogenic activities as over-grazing, agricultural intensification and deforestation, which are common
practices across the region. The major objective of this paper is to shed light on climate change and land degradation patterns in the West
African Sahel. It employs empirical data to analyse the trends, with particular emphasis on Mali, Niger and Senegal. The study reveals
considerable threats posed by the twin scourges of climate change and land degradation to food security, environmental sustainability and
regional stability. It also presents a policy framework underpinned by climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, formalizing land
rights for farmers, subsidizing farm inputs, creating grazing reserves for pastoralists and deepening poverty reduction strategies.
A Study on Factor Affecting Textile
Entrepreneurship – A Special Emphasis on Tirupur
District
P Anbuoli1
1Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Mannar Thirumalai Naicker College, India
Abstract: Entrepreneurial success depends on various factors associated with the business, the entrepreneurs’ wishes to start. Entrepreneurs
need some sort of inspirations to succeed in their business ventures. Being a versatile industry, textile attracts many entrepreneurs both urban
and rural peoples and requires minimal investment to start. Textile entrepreneurs have to face several challenges and prospects associated
with their business. This study has been commenced with the objectives to check demographic profile, factors affecting textile entrepreneurs,
encouragement of external factors and personal reason behind to become textile business entrepreneurs. This study has been carried out with
100 textile entrepreneurs; the sample has been selected by using simple random sampling. This study is also carried out with non-disguised
and structured questionnaire; which consists of four parts with seeking information on demographic profile, factors affecting textile
entrepreneurs, external encouraging factors and personal reason to become textile entrepreneurs. This study uses percentage analysis, factor
analysis, Garrett score ranking, and t-test to analyse the data collected. It was concluded that textile entrepreneurs have been encouraged by
various factors and moreover several factors significantly affect their business.
Factors Affecting Consumer Purchase Behaviour
towards Online Clothing Products in Bangladesh
T Islam1
1BRAC Business School, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract: The online clothing businesses have seen a considerable rise in recent times, with a high and growing demand. The purpose of
this study is to determine the factors that play significant roles in creating purchase intention towards the online clothing products in
Bangladesh. Secondary research was used to build the model of customer purchase intention. A structured questionnaire was employed to
gather data and test the model. Factor analysis and regression were used to test the model. The regression model suggested that customer
purchase intention was induced most by the online marketing activities of the online retailers, followed by pricing strategy implemented and
sense of security provided (in that order). To understand customer purchase intentions better, it may be important to look at additional
factors or seek better measures of the constructs. The study suggests that online retailers should heavily focus on online promotions and
pricing.
Improvement Measures on Wage System of
Construction Skilled Worker in South Korea
Kun-Hyung Lee1, Byung-Uk Jo2, Kyeoung-Min Han3, Chang-Baek Son4
1,2,3Graduate, School of Architectural Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
4Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
Abstract: Unlike other industries, the construction industry is characterized by its heavy dependence on labour force with most work done
by workers. Still, the industry is witnessing the declining influx of young workers and the rising turnover rates of skilled workers due to such
issues as the advancement of 3D industry, negative image and absence of an established wage system. Hence, this paper proposes an
alternative scheme that would help improve the wage system and work environment for skilled construction workers in Korea.
Mastering the Recycling of Masonry while building
Tadao Ando’s Private Gallery in Lincoln Park,
Chicago
Daniel Joseph Whittaker1
Abstract: The notion of a great presence of masonry rarely conjures up the likes of buildings by master architect, Tadao Ando san of
Osaka, Japan, who is better known for his sublime shaping of space with planar forms of site-cast concrete. Perhaps though, one may recall
the ‘historical intervention’ on a grand scale—the now nine-year-old Punta Della Dogan a project (2009) in Venice, Italy, as prima facie
evidence of his dialogue with a vast quantity of ancient masonry in the Laguna. However, a new project by Ando, recently opened in
Chicago, Illinois (October 2018), presents the private-museum-gallery-going public with a new North American delight. Here, the senses
are able to indulge in a hybrid set of experiences shaped by masonry, concrete, and white painted plaster surfaces. This paper explores how
the modern concrete master has expanded his dynamic architectural vocabulary utilizing what is known as Chicago common brick: a soft,
Lake Michigan-sand and clay based fired brick, and incorporated it into his most recent private commission located in Lincoln Park,
Chicago.
RRI Buffer Based Energy and Computation Efficient
Cache Replacement Algorithm
Muhammad Shahid1
1Computer Science Department, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad
Abstract: Energy consumption is an important factor of com-mutational power these days. Large scale energy consumption results in bad
system performance and high cost. To access frequently used data, we place it in Cache. Cache provides us opportunity to access that data in
a small time. Cache memory helps in retrieving data in minimum time improving the system performance and reducing power consumption.
Due to limited size of Cache, replacement algorithms used to make space for new data. There are many existing cache replacement
algorithms for example LRU, LFU, MRU, FIFO etc. Existing algorithms consume a lot of energy while replacing cold blocks of data.
Replacement algorithms are usually designed to reduce miss rate and increase hit rate. These algorithms replace cold blocks (not going to use
in future) and due to large number of cold blocks, they consume lot of energy. This paper proposes an energy and computation efficient cache
replacement algorithm that put only hot blocks in action instead of removing cold blocks. This paper also discusses different replacement
algorithms proposed in different papers and compare these algorithms on basis of different parameters mainly energy consumption. In our
experiments we have found LRU and FIFO as best replacement algorithms for Increased hit rates and Energy efficiency respectively.
Key Performance Index of Increasing Air Quality
with Construction Schedule Control
Hyoung-Chul Lim1, Dongheon Lee2, Dong-Eun Lee3, Daeyoung Kim4
1Professor, 2Doctorial Course, School of Architectural Engineering, Changwon National University, Korea
3Professor, School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Korea
4Professor, Department of Architecture, Kyungnam University, Korea
Abstract: Recently, air quality in residential spaces has been major concern. In particular, the indoor air quality of residential facility
before occupancy, which is related to the interior material, is a serious problem. existing research has mainly focused on pollution control
after construction, but this research has derived I key performance index I about increasing air quality and priority of management with a
controlling schedule. That is the objectives of research. The results show the relative priority of the four major items in wall‐based apartment
buildings and in column‐based apartment buildings. An analysis of the parties responsible for improvement based on the IAQ results shows
more efforts to improve IAQ are needed in material factories and engineering/design companies.
Exploring Revitalization Solutions: Engaging
Community through Media Architecture
Behzad Shojaedingivi1
1University of Tehran
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate Media Architecture and its potentials for culturally based revitalization. Media Architecture
presents a new approach based on Augmentation concepts, in which projects are designed and implemented adopting contemporary mediums
in an aesthetic way in order to attract the presence of a more cultural audience and increase the participation of the local residents.
Ultimately this will lead to an increase of interaction between different classes in neglected areas and strengthen their connection to their
built environment. This is an interdisciplinary approach in which architecture and contemporary mediums are combined aesthetically with
the aim of creating revival solutions in neglected areas.
Criteria of Creating Social Interaction for Green
Open Space in Karkh, Iraq
Sarah Abdulkareem Salih1, Sumarni Ismail2
1Master Student, 2Lecturer, Department of Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Abstract: This paper outlines the issue on open spaces, which led to decrease social interaction among residents in Baghdad city
nowadays. The main objective of the paper is to identify the criteria of green open spaces to achieve sound social interaction in Baghdad city,
Iraq. This paper employed quantitative method, in the form of survey, for data collection. Data were obtained from questionnaires, through
the selection of 270 respondents in a single-stage random procedure from ten specific neighbourhoods in Karkh district. The study findings
confirm that open spaces and parks is essential to enhance social interaction by implementing appropriate criteria in that open spaces or
parks. The results of this study are useful reference for urban and landscape planners, architects, social psychologists, the Municipality of
Baghdad, and researchers in this field.
The CoreConferences 2019 held on 20th – 21st March, 2019, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Taipei, Taiwan. CoreConferences 2019 provides a chance for Academic and Industry professionals to discuss the recent progress in the area of Multiple. The outcome of the conference will trigger for the further related research and future technological improvement. This conference highlights the novel concepts and improvements related to the research and technology.
ICCOTWT 2018 will be the most comprehensive conference focused on the various aspects of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies. This Conference provides a chance for academic and industry professionals to discuss recent progress in the area of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies. Furthermore, we expect that the conference and its publications will be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject.
The goal of this conference is to bring together the researchers from academia and industry as well as practitioners to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of Cloud of Things and Wearable Technologies.
The International Conference on Computer, Engineering, Law, Education and Management (ICCELEM 2017)” held on 28 - 29th September 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at The Westin Chosun Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.
The Third International Conference on “Systems, Science, Control, Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICSSCCET 2017)” held on 16 - 17th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Teegala Krishna Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Advanced Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICAIET 2017)” held on 14th - 15th Feb 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICICS 2017)” held on 13th - 14th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at NSN College of Engineering and Technology, Karur, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
The First International Conference on “Advances & Challenges in Interdisciplinary Engineering and Management 2017 (ICACIEM 2017)” held on 11 – 12th February 2017, in collaboration with Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties (ASDF), an International body, at Vidyaa Vikas College of Engineering and Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India, Asia.
Wireless sensor networks can provide low cost solution accompanied with limited storage, computational capability and power for verity of real-world problems and become essential factor when sensor nodes are arbitrarily deployed in a hostile environment. The cluster head selection technique is also one of the good approaches to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. The lifetime of wireless sensor networks is extended by using the uniform cluster head selection and balancing the network loading among the clusters. We have reviewed various energy efficient schemes apply in WSNs of which we concentrated on selection of cluster head approach and proposed an new method called Sleep Scheduling Routing with in clusters for Energy Efficient [SSREE]in which some nodes in clusters are usually put to sleep to conserve energy, and this helps to prolong the network lifetime. EASSR selects a node as a cluster head if its residual energy is more than system average energy and have less energy consumption rate in previous round. Then, an Performance analysis and compared statistic results of SSREE shows of the significant improvement over existing protocol LEACH, SEP and M-GEAR protocol in terms of lifetime of network and data units gathered at BS.
Due to rapid urbanization the manufacturing processes of conventional building materials pollutes air, water and land. Hence in order to fulfil the increasing demand it is required to adopt a cost effective, eco-friendly technologies by improving the traditional techniques with the usage of available local materials. Agro – industrial and other solid waste disposal is another serious issue of concern in most of developing countries. The present paper explores the potential application of agro-waste as an ingredient for alternate sustainable construction materials.
There has been an ever-increasing interest in big data due to its rapid growth and since it covers diverse areas of applications. Hence, there seems to be a need for an analytical review of recent developments in the big data technology. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the big data state of the art, conceptual explorations, major benefits, and research challenging aspects. In addition to that, several future directions for big data research are highlighted.
A correct node operation and power administration are significant issues in the wireless sensor network system. Ultrasonic, dead reckoning, and radio frequency information is obtained by using localization mechanism and worked through a specific filter algorithm. In this paper, a well-organized grid deployment method is applied to split the nodes into multiple individual grids. The tiny grids are used for improved resolution and bigger grids are used to decrease the complexity of processing. The efficiency of each grid is obtained by environmental factors such as redeployed nodes, boundaries, and obstacles. To decrease the power usage, asynchronous power management method is designed. In network communication, power management method is applied by using an asynchronous awakening scheme and n-duplicate coverage algorithm is engineered for the coverage of nodes.
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2. International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning and eGovernance [IC5E] 21
Cite this article as: Adnan Celik, Faruk Kalay. “Information Technologies and its Impact on the
Organisational Structure.” International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning
and eGovernance (2015): 20-25. Print.
can mainly be provided by moving learning from a narrow perspective to spread and share the information through the organisation.
Transferring corporate information can support corporate communication and encourage coordination within the organization.
The objective of the current study is to review the technological, organizational and interactive ties that connect organisational
structure and the information technology. Therefore, this study is organized as follows. First, the concepts of information technology
and organizational structure will be introduced and discussed. Following this discussion, the impact of information technologies on
organizational structure will be articulated in terms of centralisation and decentralisation, authority and control, space of control,
change in organisational level, departmental structure, decision making process, communication, and organising the work.
II. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
This section provides information with respect to the information technology, organizational structure, and the interaction between
the information technology and organizational structure.
2.1. Information Technology
Information technology includes all the hardware and software that an organization needs to use in order to accomplish its
organizational objectives (Laudon and Laudon, 2012: 88). Information technology can also be defined as the products, methods,
inventions, and standards that are used for the purpose of producing information (Kroenke, 2012: 18). An organization’s information
technology resources are divided into two: information technology (IT) infrastructure and human information technology (IT)
resources. IT infrastructure includes hardware, software, communication technologies, shared technical platforms, and databases
(Bharadwaj, 2000: 172-173; Weill, 1993: 550). Organizations spend approximately 40% of their total capital expenditure on
infrastructural technologies (Masli and others, 2008: 3). Human IT resources include expenditures relating to salary and training of IT
personnel as well as IT training for end users (Bharadwaj, 2000: 169-196). Human IT resources bring in a unique innovativeness to
firms. They can utilize from the opportunities provided by the infrastructural IT resources towards decision making and creating value.
Furthermore, proactive utilization of human resources can provide firms competitive advantage by linking the firm’s internal
processes and structure with continuously changing external environment (Lin, 2007: 96).
2.2. Views on Organisational Structure
Organisations differ from each other in many aspects. According to Crowston and Malone, different organisations can be affected
differently by the information technologies. They also point their views on four different areas such as rationalist, information
processing, motivational and politics. Rationalist view defends that organisations work by the set out objectives like profit
maximization. These organisations more care about fundamental issues like, recruitment, loss of business, management intensity
(intensity) levels of hierarchy, centralization, decentralization, differentiation and formalization. Information processing view covers
the rationalist view as well as communication models, weak links and social context. Motivational view supports the idea of employees
having different objectives than the organisation. However, in this view employees can organise the ways of doing their duties in a
parallel way with the objectives of the organisations to make sure of the unity of purpose. On the other side, politic view suggests that
organisations may have different group of people who have conflicts and different objectives. This perspectives support that power can
be used to combine the objectives together and information technologies may be used by the groups in organisations to empower
themselves. The areas this view takes in charge are power, vertical and horizontal organisation (Crowston and Malone, 1994: 250-
252).
On the other hand, organizational theorists Burns & Stalker (1994), identify two different organizational structures (organic and
mechanistic structures) that are differently influenced by information technologies. These structures are based on different
organizational features including the hierarchy, formalization, and efficiency that are key to organizational adaptability. Firms having
organic structures, such as firms providing tax and law services, have flat structure and they have relatively less formalized processes.
3. International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning and eGovernance [IC5E] 22
Cite this article as: Adnan Celik, Faruk Kalay. “Information Technologies and its Impact on the
Organisational Structure.” International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning
and eGovernance (2015): 20-25. Print.
The communication between people is more lateral, which is in a network structure, and usually verbal, which does not require
significant support from information technologies. And also they are effectiveness oriented; that is they serve to the external market.
Internal processes are not so complex; that is why efficiency is not important as mechanistic firms. In contrast, mechanistic structure
firms, such as GE and Toyota that are large manufacturing firms, have highly hierarchical structure in which written and digitized
communication is a necessity. This requires significant support from information technologies. The rules and norms are
predetermined, and processes are formalized and standardized. Their internal processes are significantly complex, thus efficiency is a
big concern. That is why, it is more likely that information technologies will make a greater impact on mechanistic structure firms,
since the processes and structure is more suitable for the deployment and utilization of information technology resources.
2.3. Interaction Between Information Technology and Organisational Structure
According to Marcus and Robey, there is technological, organisational and interactive necessity between information technologies and
organisational structure (Crowston and Malone, 1994: 253-255). Technological necessity argues that technology itself have some
certain impact on the organisational structure. A study done by Woodward on this shows that business formal structure take its shape
by the production technology they use in the organisation. At this stage organisational change can be triggered by the technology.
Secondly, organisational necessity looks at the change from an adverse perspective. This view argues that managers can implement the
change including technology in an organisation in order to fulfil the needs of the organisation. The last necessity on this view shows
that interaction between what technologies allow and what managers and organisation try to achieve is complexity (Woodward,
1980). Crowston and Malone agree to this view and support that the needs of the organisation and the current technology can bring
the organisational change (Crowston and Malone, 1994: 253-255).
Laudon & Laudon (2012) argues that all organizations have a structure or shape, while the type of information technologies utilized in
an organization generally reflects the structure of the organization. For example, a hospital, which is the basic example of the
professional bureaucracy structure, is dominated by department heads with weak centralized authority. It is therefore possible for a
hospital to deploy and utilize a parallel patient record system operated by the administration, doctors, and other health-care
professionals including nurses and social workers. Another example would be the small-sized entrepreneurial structure firms that
usually have simple organizational structures and are managed by entrepreneurs serving as the owner and chief executive officer. Such
small firms typically have weakly designed systems and the value and usefulness of these systems to the organization quickly decreases.
On the other hand, it is less likely to find a single integrated information technology infrastructure in large firms having divisionalized
bureaucracy structure. These firms have many locations, so each location has its own set of information systems and technology
infrastructure (Laudon & Laudon, 2012: 88).
III. IMPACT ON ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
Main discussions come under the structure of the organisations talks about the technology being determinative factor to form
businesses as centralistic. On the other side, deep research on these areas show that technology has an impact on authority and control
mechanism, number of organisational level, and the number of department within the organisation (Bensghir, 1996: 243).
3.1. Centralisation and Decentralisation
Today’s knowledge society cannot allow organising workload in Weberian or Taylorist way. This is because of the nature of
information or service oriented workload which does not work in the same way as standard of production of goods. Technology
provides flexibility to the organisations and this allows them choose in between centralised or decentralised activity. On the other side
of the technology, organisational culture and environmental factors affect forming hierarchy in the organisation. If the technology used
in the organisation promotes flexibility, creativity and participation, then the structure of that company becomes more decentralised.
According to Lan Barbour, computers in the past created head offices to control the organisation from one point, however especially
4. International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning and eGovernance [IC5E] 23
Cite this article as: Adnan Celik, Faruk Kalay. “Information Technologies and its Impact on the
Organisational Structure.” International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning
and eGovernance (2015): 20-25. Print.
after the 1980s booming technology allowed Laptops and Tablets in the business life and this can lessen the workload of head offices as
the management can be done by small and many work station (Barbour, 1997: 169).
3.2. Authority and Control
Henri Fayol defined authority is to right to give orders and expect obedience. Classical management view support the centralisation of
the authority to ensure coordination between small jobs (Etzioni, 2005: 43-67). Horizontal or vertical authority in the company shows
how the control mechanism work either centralised or decentralised. With the emergence of computer in the business life, control and
the power of authority was expected to be centralised. Nevertheless, recent developments in the information technologies allow both
centralised and decentralised authority and control mechanisms (Bensghir, 1996: 249).
3.3. Space of Control
By the new economies forming everyday in the world business environment, space of control has been observed to be narrowed. Space
of control as a term refers to the number of human resources who report to the line manager or senior management team. By the new
technologies businesses start using every day, it is believed that less workforce needed in organisations. However, Whisler draws a
different perspective than this natural outcome of the technology. According to him, it is important to have a look at the degree of
centralisation of control by the computerisation. His argument support that information technologies bring out centralisation of
control and it cause the narrowance of the space of control in the short term operational level and in the long term in managerial level
(Whisler and others, 1967: 46).
3.4. Change in Organisational Level
By the great use of production and information technologies even enterprise systems, many changes in the structure of organisation
became important. One of them could be the less need of human workforce because of the machines which can help doing things at a
low cost and less time efficiently. Today’s enterprises based on knowledge and value information as it is the only and unique source to
the company. Wriston believes that need for more organisational level has been decreased due to less processing information from one
level to the other level in knowledge based organisations. New economic system creates its own hierarchic businesses which
dependence is the participation, horizontal movements in a highly competitive business environment. In organisations now,
knowledge, freedom, creativity are more supported instead of traditional hierarchic structure (Wriston, 1994: 19).
3.5. Department Structure
Creating information and processing this information moves horizontally in the organisation level nowadays. The effect of change in
economical variables and globalisation makes today’s enterprises more empowered by the information technologies; therefore they do
not look for moving production processes from one unit to another unit. Management stages are disappeared due to reengineering
processes and new management styles. Even leadership can start at a traditional way and end up in different person because of the
nature of the job given. As a result, information technologies promote reunion of the departments or dividing these departments via its
functions or creating new departments (Bensghir, 1996: 251).
3.6. Process of Decision Making
Decision making is the focus of the organisational action as a managerial and organisational process. In an highly competitive business
world, it is vital that the data collection, evaluation, identification of alternative strategies and final decision must be done effectively
and timely. Decision-making is a way of processing information. Managers process the information, decide and then make sure that the
decision is fully understood and applied by the workers. Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems, Executive Support Systems and
many more affected directly decision-making process in a positive way. Laudon et al discusses that number of decision taken is risen,
time of planning is lessen, decision making can come out of being personal, change in the nature of administrative work becomes
positive (Laudon and Laudon, 1994: 566).
5. International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning and eGovernance [IC5E] 24
Cite this article as: Adnan Celik, Faruk Kalay. “Information Technologies and its Impact on the
Organisational Structure.” International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning
and eGovernance (2015): 20-25. Print.
3.7. Communication Process
Communication process shapes all managerial sub-systems of the organization (planning, organizing, implementing, coordinating,
monitoring). As in all areas of information technology in organizations has changed the concept of communication and continues to
change rapidly. According to Alsene, workers in this information age can work without being isolated from each other, they have
greater connection than before, and they also can be free and mobile which bring out many benefits to the organisations. New
communication technologies allow dialogs and exchange in knowledge concurrently. Email, telephone dismissed the usage of paper
and slow communication in businesses (Alsene, 1994: 657). Huseman and Miles also suggest that the technology especially in
information have a great impact on the communication of businesses either internally or externally (Huseman and Miles, 1988: 181-
203).
3.8. Organising the Work
Traditional management approaches, particularly Weber's bureaucracy approach works to standardize as much as possible and to
ensure coordination between standardized work is based on the centralization of authority. Henry Ford brings the term of mass
production to business life by following the roots of Taylorism. Mass production brings the routine into workers life because of doing
the same job all the time fast and efficiently. Karl Marx on the other side describes the organisation of the work as “Masses of labourers
crowded into the factory, are organized like soldiers. They are placed under the command of a perfect hierarchy of officers and
sergeants” (Marx and Engels, 1969: 98-137). However, today, all business functions like production, marketing, accounting, finance,
management, R & D, procurement, human resources, etc are performed by using information technology. This new style brings the
flexibility as people can work from home or they can work independently, personal or as a group. According to Hammer and Champy,
work processes needed this change to be simplified and organised better (Hammer and Champy, 1996: 46-57).
IV. CONCLUSION
This study has discussed the significance of information technologies from the perspective of organizational structures. It should be
recognized that all organizations throughout the world have been structured and shaped in a certain way. With the emergence and
widespread utilization of information and communication technologies in organizations leads to a need in changing and improving the
organizational structures. It is possible to articulate that the structures of today’s contemporary organizations are determined and
shaped based on the information technologies and systems they deploy and use. Therefore, understanding the role of information
technologies in the structures of the organizations has utmost importance.
Modern business environment has thought the world brand-new techniques to cope with the challenging and competitive market
place. Changes happened in many different areas of business, however, most importantly, technology has driven all the aspects of
management and organisational structure. Technology had its major transformation in the last couple of decades and this
transformation is not only in technology, but in economic, social, cultural, political and geopolitical areas. Globalisation through rapid
changing technology, businesses started to cope up with the changes and eventually the structure of the firms became more active and
flexible.
First development we could feel in the business world must be the communication. Today, it is the easiest thing to communicate from
one side of the world to the other side. Even the techniques of communication has been developed rapidly and now in a very advanced
level. Additionally, organising the work in businesses has many different ways, departments and their functions may have changed and
maybe lessen over the time. Technology definitely affected the need for human being in organisations. There are less need to the
workers because of this rapid changing information technologies. This study also shows that structure of the organisations changed
from centralised to the decentralised. Even authority and control left its place to the more flexible base which allow leader to move
6. International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning and eGovernance [IC5E] 25
Cite this article as: Adnan Celik, Faruk Kalay. “Information Technologies and its Impact on the
Organisational Structure.” International Conference on eBusiness, eCommerce, eManagement, eLearning
and eGovernance (2015): 20-25. Print.
from one to another depending on the job and responsibilities. Due to these increasing changing in information technologies as well as
e-businesses and e-trades have changed the organisational structure.
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